Family Forum, 2016, T. 6

Stały URI dla kolekcjihttps://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/13147

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Transseksualizm z perspektywy eklezjalnej
Wróbel, Józef (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The article addresses the issue of transsexualism from the point of view of the fundamental aspects of the life of the ecclesial community. Although the Church has not published an extensive document concerning this topic, it has referred to this problem both directly and indirectly. Sex change has been twice referred to in the context of genderism by Pope Francis and directly with the reference to transsexualism by various dicasteries of the Holy See in several notes. On the other hand, the attitude of the Church toward the discussed problem arises indirectly from its teachings on human sexuality. In general, the Church is of the opinion that formal or surgical sex change does not alter the actual sex of a person. Further, the Author focuses on the problem of transsexualism in terms of baptism, ordination, marriage, and religious vows. From the teachings of the Church it arises that a transsexual person cannot be denied baptism before a sex change. After a sex change, baptism assumes the conversion of such a person, their acceptance of the teachings of the Church on this matter, as well as – bearing in mind social relationships based on truth – their return to their original sex in terms of their identity and sex registered at birth, as it is impossible to restore their original sex after it has been surgically reassigned. The Church is also of the opinion that a transsexual person feeling strong disapproval of his or her phenotypic and genital sex cannot enter into matrimony, be ordained, or make any religious vows. Aside from the previously emphasized decisive importance of the original sex of a transsexual person for these forms of life as well as for social and ecclesial roles, other arguments are involved, such as disapproval of one’s own sex, the inability to control one’s sex, sexual self-identification disorders and lability, narcissistic inclinations, problems with building harmonious interpersonal relationships based on truth, as well as the inability of two persons to physically unite in the moral and canonical context, where either one or both of them have undergone a surgical sex change.
Płeć psychologiczna a zadowolenie ze związku małżeńskiego i własnego życia
Krok, Dariusz; Lewoska, Ilona (Psychological sex and marital relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction, 2016)
The aim of this article is an empirical verification of the relations between partner’s personality traits according to Gender Scheme Theory by Sandra Bern and the quality of the marital relationship and life in the scope of cognitive and emotional dimensions of subjective well-being. 105 couples being in a marital relationship, for at least 1 year, were examined. The age of the examined couples ranged from 21 to 78 years, while the number of years being in a marital relationship oscillated from 1 to 54 years. Four indispensable tools were applied: IPP - the inventory to examine psychological sex; KDM-2 - the scale to measure satisfaction in marital relationships; SWLS - the measure of the cognitive dimension of subjective well-being; PANAS-X - the measure of the emotional dimension of subjective well-being. Most of the formulated hypotheses were confirmed. The results of the conducted research indicated that people who possess certain psychological characteristics connected with gender show better adjustment. What is more, these people possess greater satisfaction from marital relationships and a higher ratio of subjective well-being in the dimensions of life satisfaction and positive emotions. Moreover, the most sought type of psychological sex is androgenic sex.
Facetten des Konzeptes „Gender” – Ratlosigkeit eines Mitteleuropäers
Kovács, Gusztáv (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The word gender is considered a campaign slogan in Central Europe. It is a term loaded with a great number of misunderstandings. The article seeks to find the reason for this distrust towards the concept, and to clarify its fundamental importance for ethics. The distrust towards the term is explained as a consequence of the historical experience of the „State feminism” from the times of socialism. In Hungarian society the emancipation of women was seen as an external constraint which resulted in suspicion towards any gender politics. The second part of the article discusses the question of the relationship between biological and social sex on the example of the sworn virgins in Albania and the case „David Reimer”. It will be shown that gender is not to be interpreted as concrete and well-established interpretation of sexuality, but rather as a category of analysis that allows us to see how far our lives are determined by the category of gender. As a category of analysis the term shows a critical nature, however, it does not necessarily entail a negative view of our gender roles, but may also show our contentment of our gendered reality.
The dynamics of the coping process of families of children with severe multiple disabilities
Kantor, Jiří (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The paper explains the specifics of the dynamics of the coping process of families with children with severe multiple disability (SMD). The realised study was of a qualitative design and was based on the thematic analysis and interpretative content analysis of case studies of families with a child with SMD. Data were collected using 11 semi-structured interviews and case studies of families. Among the analysed themes were hearing the first news of the diagnosis, making the decision to keep the child at home, the losses related to the disability of the child, general thoughts about the life experience and worries related to future. Data was interpreted on the basis of the model of loss created by Ross and discussed in the context of other models. Specific conclusions were found mainly in the dealing process with the first news of the child’s diagnosis, the decision process to keep the child with the family, indefiniteness of the disability and integration of the losses.
Zmiana płci u dzieci jako wyzwanie dla prawa i społeczeństwa
Kmieciak, Błażej (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Czy dziecko może zmienić płeć? Pytanie to może wywołać szok. Płeć jest przecież w sposób silny związana z rozwojem dziecka. Czy jednak wspomniany rozwój może być zaburzony? Podobne pytania stały się istotnym elementem dyskusji społecznej oraz prawnej, jaka miała miejsce w Polsce pod koniec 2015 r. W połowie października uchwalona została ustawa o uzgodnieniu płci. Dokument ten - wg jego twórców - miał w sposób kompleksowy rozwiązywać problemy i trudności, jakie doświadczają transseksualiści, w tym niepełnoletni transseksualiści. Temat zmiany płci u dzieci spotkał się z dużym zainteresowaniem. Zwolennicy ustawy zwracali uwagę, że dzieci powinny posiadać prawo do „zarządzania własną tożsamością” Przeciwnicy omawianego dokumentu także powoływali się w swoich opiniach na ideę praw dziecka. Podkreślano, że „uzgadnianie płci dziecka” to działanie, które narusza jego godność. Ustawa o uzgodnieniu płci nie została wprowadzona do system u polskiego prawa. Stała się ona jednak inspiracją do postawienia dwóch pytań: Czy w ostatnich latach pojawiły się nowe prawa dziecka? Czy walcząc o prawa dziecka - paradoksalnie - możemy naruszyć prawa dziecka?
Biomedyczne aspekty kształtowania płci somatycznej. Znaczenie prenatalnego okresu życia
Lichtenberg-Kokoszka, Emilia (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Human sexuality affects m any biological, psychological and social aspects. It is connected with gender identity, procreation, experiencing and giving pleasure. From a biological perspective sexual activity is essential for reproduction and its original purpose was to maintain the human species. The article presents the genetic basis of sex determination, differentiation of germ line cells, development of gonads as well as internal and external genital organs, significant for the development of gender identity and propagation. Several factors determining and disrupting proper development of human sex were presented in this article.
Przyczyny orientacji homoseksualnej – co wnoszą do wiedzy badania nad bliźniakami
Paszewski, Andrzej (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Same-sex attraction (SSA) encompasses a few per cent of population. Its origin is a subject of prolonged debate over the question whether it is determined by biological factors such as genes or by environmental factors. A prevailing popular conviction is that SSA is an inborn and unalterable condition - „one is bom this way” This takes place in spite of a vast amount of scientific data, particularly from twin studies, which clearly show that genetic contribution in the development of SSA is low, accounting only for 11-14%. This may involve changes in gene nucleotide sequences or epigenetic alterations of gene expression. Both possibilities get some experimental support, which suggests that genes are necessary but far insufficient for the development of SSA. The most important players involved appear to be prenatal and particularly postnatal random environmental factors. The later are numerous and diverse and usually unshared by the twins. Thus SSA results mostly from unique reactions to such factors so each case of homosexual orientation has its own individual history. Since SAA development starts early (ten being the mean age of first attraction), its deliberate choice by an individual must be a very unusual event. Sexual orientation often changes in lifetime, predominantly from homosexual to heterosexual particularly among adolescents.
Gender als Herausforderung für Anthropologie, Politik und Familie laut ausgewählter polnischer Moraltheologen
Podzielny, Janusz (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The aim of this paper is to present the thoughts of three well-known Polish moral theologians on the question of gender. In our times the phenomenon of gender arouses a great interest and at the same time is associated with many controversies. The stand of moral theologians in Poland on this issue is quite clear. According to them the ideology of gender is associated with m any inherent risks concerning the cultural, social, political, marital and family life. Undoubtedly the efforts to underline the equality between men and women are very important, but the equality doesn’t concern their total identity. In the opinion of Polish moral theologians in this context it is necessary to overcome the old stereotypes and to present positively the complementarity of male and female genders, what - indeed - is a biological, psychological and theological fact.
Kieslowski’s Decalogue Revisited an Intensive Seminar in Opole
Asztalos, Dániel (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Operacje korekty płci: czyn legalny czy bezprawny?
Ferenz, Jerzy M. (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The article concerns the issues of legality or illegality of sex reassignment surgery in the light of the Polish penal law. Conducted considerations start from the reference to the phenomenon of transsexualism (including its definition and etiology), possible methods of improving the health of transsexual people and the level of their effectiveness. Taking into account the aforementioned context, there has been analysed the existence of the medical purpose of the SRS. In that context there has been analysed the possibility of finding the primary legality of SRS. Subsequently, it has been analysed whether there is a possibility to exclude criminal liability for conducting such surgeries by the way of using justification, circumstances excluding the guilt or due to negligible degree of social harm of an act. Referring to the current de lege ferenda demands, there has been proposed the solution to the problem of establishing a clear legal settlement which should take the form of justification which would re-legalise SRS. The basis for such justification would be consent, as well as the requirement to have completed the register sex change first.
Perspektiven auf das Phänomen „Transsexualität“
Marschütz, Gerhard (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The phenomenon of „transsexuality“ can be viewed, analyzed and studied from different perspectives. Each accepted perspective, that is historical, scientific, religious or personal one also affects the appropriate perception and judgments on this phenomenon. The article outlines six important perspectives: the perspective of a transsexual person, the medical and psychiatric one (disorder of gender identity, gender dysphoria, sex incongruity), conceptual perspective (transsexuality, trans-identity and trans-gender), the perspective of the gender studies / gender queer (natural dichotomy of a sex as a social construct), the perspective of different concepts of gender identity and their development, as well as the Catholic theological perspective, which still formulates in a significant way a creative disposition of a binary gender order as a socio-cultural basic assumption of different sexes. Finally, there is a need for inclusive review of these perspectives so as to be able to properly respond to the “transsexuality” phenomenon.
Podporządkowanie / posłuszeństwo żon(y) wobec męża – wymóg religijny czy kulturowy?
Bugel, Walerian (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
The sacramental matrimony rites have undergone a complicated evolution-process; nowadays they are a manifestation of high diversity within the various liturgical traditions. A very specific element within them was the vow of marital obedience from the side of the bride, which sometimes was supplanted by the prayers, where the subordination of the woman toward man was strongly marked. This element was abolished in our times within the rites of many Christian confessions, also on account of the contemporary anthropological and social sensitivity, demanding the equal treatment of the woman and man. On the basis of an analysis of the matrimony rites within various Christian denominations, as well as a comparison with the situation of women in selected antic civilizations and religions, the paper tries to find and trace if it is possible to bring an answer to the question about the religious character or the cultural one of pointing the subordinated role of women, which has been so often underlined within the marital rites until recently.
Transsexualität: Identitätsfindungsprozess im Spannungsfeld von Natur, Kultur und persönlicher Reifung. Eine theologisch-ethische Auseinandersetzung
Lintner, Martin M. (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Transsexualism concerns the form of found, not freely chosen sexual identity, which is characterized by the fact that biological sex is different from the psychological one. Somebody may have a subjective feeling of „living in a unsuitable body“, because he experiences him self as a woman, despite having a male body, and conversely. This gender dysphoria cannot be ultimately overcome, because a biological (i.e. genetical) sex cannot be changed, despite the possibility of matching the body phenotypically to psychological gender by hormone therapy or surgery. What remains is a dissociation between the biological foundations and sexual self-perception. Therefore, the task of recognition and acceptance of their sexuality can be difficult for transsexuals. So, they need not only prevention of discrimination from their social environment, but they also need support in the process of developing themselves in the corporeal and spiritual unity, so that they could find and develop their identity. This puts the issue in a fundamental debate on the relationship between biological, socio-cultural and psychological gender identity. These different aspects of sexual identity cannot be separated from each other, but they must be distinguished. Within the right to sexual self-determination, the gender debate does not mean that anyone can freely choose and change their sexual identity, but that their right to recognize, accept and shape their gender identity given to them and conditioned by biological, socio-cultural factors is acknowledged.
Recenzja: Manfred Spieker, Gender-Mainstreaming in Deutschland. Konsequenzen für Staat, Gesellschaft und Kirchen, Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ss. 116.
Podzielny, Janusz (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Tożsamość płci od poczęcia – spojrzenie genetyka
Midro, Alina T. (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Femininity and masculinity associated with human identity is genetically determined from the beginning of the individual human being. The diverse genetic material with the appropriate software epigenetic characteristic of a particular gender is introduced at the moment of conception due to sperm penetrating to the egg. It is then that the process of molecular changes that differentiate sex of cells and thus the whole organism of the human person is initiated. Different genes and regulators are involved in shaping the characteristics of the female or male human body and forms of their behavior. They reveal their activity depending on the developmental age of the body and the functions of individual tissues and organs forming a related system known as sexome. Regulatory mechanisms of the genome software called the epigenome responding well to environmental influences belong to the elements performing in a network of links. Therefore, the genetically and epigenetically determined sexual dimorphism of human beings is a natural way of their social and cultural development.
Program pomocy BRIGE dla młodzieży z opieki zastępczej
Gocman, Małgorzata; Szarzyńska, Małgorzata (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Persons brought up outside their own family, in foster care, are particularly vulnerable to experiencing life difficulties and the risk of social exclusion. Research on youth leaving foster care conducted in Europe and the United States shows that they experience many problems in different areas of functioning. These problems include: mental disorder symptoms, antisocial behavior, risky sexual behavior, psychoactive substance abuse and victimization. Due to the difficult situation of youth from foster care, a team of researchers from the Opole University adjusted to Polish conditions American program for young people leaving foster care. The program is called Bridging Resilience through Intervention, Guidance, and Empowerment (BRIGE). The purpose of the article is to present the BRIGE program and to evaluate it in terms of mental health. The study involved 12 young people preparing to leave orphanages in the province of Opole and the Lower Silesia. The program was controlled using the survey “Aging out” specially designed for this purpose. Each participant was evaluated 4 times: at the beginning of the program (measurement I), after 6 months (measurement II), after 12 months (measurement III) and after 18 months (measurement IV). In the present study we were limited to analysis o f the results of three measurements, because not all subjects completed their participation in the program. The results showed that adolescents participating in the BRIGE program decreased symptoms of mental disorders, such as depression and a sense of hostility. The results are discussed in relation to existing programs for youth from foster care.

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