Theological Research

Stały URI zbioruhttps://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/3707

Theological Research. The Journal of Systematic Theology to recenzowane czasopismo naukowe, publikowane w latach 2013-2020 na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, założone w celu promowania międzynarodowych badań w zakresie teologii systematycznej, czyli patrystyki, dogmatyki, teologii fundamentalnej i teologii moralnej.

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The Theological Principles Underlying. Augustine’s “City of God”
Kasprzak, Dariusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
In his treatise the City of God Augustine intended to show that the pagans anti-Christian charges blaming the Christians for the fall of Rome were unsubstantiated and that it was in Christianity that they could find the solution to many of their own moral and religious problems. The Bishop of Hippo wanted also to equip Christians with the appropriate arguments to refute pagan charges and to make them rejoice in the plan for the Salvation of humankind. In his assessment of the true value of philosophical principles it was essential for Augustine not to renounce the authority of Christ. Augustine claims that the human race is divided into two antagonistic communities, cities, in their pursuit of their respective "happiness" (civitas Dei; civitas terrena). The two loves are mutually antithetical; the love of God, which is a social love and a love of justice, which is the very opposite of self-love, is an espousal of injustice.
Résurrection et Nouveauté aux premiers temps de l’Église
Wolinski, Joseph (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
The article is aimed to prove the importance of the event of the resurrection for early theology (Scripture and patristic theology of the 2nd and 3rd centuries). This importance has been obscured down through the centuries. Happily, theology in the twentieth century made a radical endevaur to rediscover the Paschal event and to build the whole basic structure of christianity once again.
Ist Nächstenliebe möglich? Versuch einer philosophisch-theologischen Positionsbestimmung
Breitsameter, Christof (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
The attempt of a modern interpretation of the concept of charity which is pivotal to Jewish-Christian ethics as well as the occidental culture can hardly succeed without a dialogue with those disciplines studying the secular version of it, namely altruism. The different approaches all converge in the question: Why do humans act altruistically? The present article tries to gather the most important answers and to portray the controversial debate on the explanation and evaluation of altruistic behavior in a way that underlines the interdisciplinary connectivity of an essential concept in theology.
Candidus, Marius Victorinus’ fictitious friend, and his doctrine of the “Logos”
Baron, Arkadiusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
This article elaborates the term Logos in two fictitious letters of Candidus, which Marius Victorinus wrote to present Arian points of view concerning the Trinitarian debate in the middle of the 4th century. The article investigates these two short letters and their historical and theological sources to demonstrate Marius Victorinus’ knowledge and understanding of the Arian controversy and the mystery of the Triune God. Although he wrote these letters himself, this research seems to be a particularly important in the interpretation of Marius Victorinus’ theological views and arguments presented in his writings against the Arians, in which he undertakes the most difficult questions concerning the unbegotten and simultaneously begetting God.
Christology and the ‘Scotist Rupture’
Riches, Aaron (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
This essay engages the debate concerning the so-called ‘Scotist rupture’ from the point of view of Christology. The essay investigates John Duns Scotus’s development of Christological doctrine against the strong Cyrilline tendencies of Thomas Aquinas. In particular the essay explores how Scotus’s innovative doctrine of the ‘haecceity’ of Christ’s human nature entailed a self-sufficing conception of the ‘person’, having to do less with the mystery of rationality and ‘communion’, and more to do with a quasi-voluntaristic ‘power’ over oneself. In this light, Scotus’s Christological development is read as suggestively contributing to make possible a proto-liberal condition in which ‘agency’ (agere) and ‘right’ (ius) are construed as determinative of what it means to be and act as a person.
The Role of Virtue Ethics... in Determining Acceptable Limits of Genetic Enhancement
Kraj, Tomasz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2013)
There are always new proposals concerning the application of new genetic technology. Some of them concern the genetic enhancement of man. There are four groups of such proposals, labeled as: better children, better performance, ageless bodies, and happy souls. The Magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church, which distinguishes between therapeutic and non-therapeutic genetic manipulation, does not reject non-therapeutic genetic manipulation (genetic enhancement is such manipulation), but it does prescribe some requirements for its moral acceptance. However, these requirements are general and not very useful for determining specific moral limits for genetic enhancement of man. There are neither ready standards nor criteria for establishing those limits. The role of philosophers (theologians) then, is to ascertain those limits. It is possible to do that on the basis of virtue ethics in its version elaborated by St. Thomas Aquinas. His description of human perfection is of great help in establishing the morally acceptable limits of the genetic enhancement of man. Aquinas’s intuitions are confirmed by the observations of contemporary psychology.
The Necessity of Faith in the Church in the Age of Secularization
Napiórkowski, Andrzej (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
This article explores the causes and shifts of the ever-growing secularization in the modern world. It also examins and the idea that Christ can be discovered without the Church as well as, how the faith of the Church can be explored, experienced, and understood in relation to God.
Christian Anthropology Versus the New Anthropology and the Quest for Human Perfection
Kraj, Tomasz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
In the current debate, we witness a conflict between the Christian concept of man vs. concepts that justify in vitro fertilization (IVF), genetic enhancement, or the reassignment of sexuality. Modern concepts cannot disregard the historic perspective of the consistent doctrines that the Catholic Church has maintained throughout her 2000-year history and which constitute the precursors of contemporary bioethics. Although she has adjusted specifics occasionally to address new developments, she has always based doctrine on immutable core principles. The current conflict lies neither in the novelty of the new proposals, nor in a conflict between religious and lay worldviews, but rather in concepts of man and human perfection. Some human traits may be regarded as disordered and incompatible with a particular concept of human perfection. The new proposals tend to involve physical changes based on technological manipulation, with a goal of developing a superior being, while Christian proposals do not seek to manipulate man’s being, but to develop his existing potential within criteria of acceptable reason. The new proposals rely on a Cartesian view which constitutes a human as his mind (cogito ergo sum), which has dominion over his body including authority to reengineer it according to any project that mind conceives. In contrast, the Christian concept views the human subject as a unity of mind and body, which may not be reshaped to meet a questionable goal of human perfection. The technological tools within the new concepts are in no way superior to the more personal attributes like virtues, perfection of the human will, prayer, and ascesis within the Christian concept.
Ethique et Politique
Bruguès, Jean-Louis (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
The lecture engages the debate concerning the relation between politics and ethics. Ethics is the guardian of good practice and policy the guardian of the quality of life in the community. The author discusses their mutual historical development paying special attention to two dates. First in 1789, when the Bastille was demolished and the Republic founded with a slogan of ethical content (“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”), but only in order to control it. The second date is 1989, the year in which the Berlin Wall fell, constitutes a turning point and the dominance of ethics over politics promoted by the triad: democracy, accountability, and human rights, which undoubtedly belong to the highest value. The problem with this is that ethical values can be used in an ideological way. In the final section, the Christian position on the proper relationship between ethics and policy and vice versa is discussed.
Life as Relation: Classical Metaphysics and Trinitarian Ontology
Maspero, Giulio (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
Life is a theological and metaphysical problem, because it constitutes the apex of the realm of being. The Aristotelian Unmoved Mover was identified with Life as the act of thinking. Christian doctrine affirms that God is triune just as Life, but here identified both with Logos and Love. The ontology of the First Principle is different in Classical metaphysics and in Trinitarian theology. The question discussed in the paper is how this difference affects the understanding of the relationship between God and the world. Having recourse to the theological framework developed by the Cappadocian Fathers in the discussions that lead to the formulation of the Trinitarian dogma in the 4th century, free and mutual relation is presented as the key concept that was used in theology to overcome the limitations of the metaphysics of the time and to extend it in order to develop a new ontology that is an ontology of life. Trinitarian ontology may also aid our understanding of created life, because it is not simply meta-physics, i.e. a description of man and God according to the category of necessity, but is ana-physics: life is understood from above with suitable categories for free beings.
Natura Pura: A Concept for the New Evangelization
Seiler, Christopher M. (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
This article explores the concept of Natura Pura. It addresses its aspects both from the point of Scholastic thought as seen especially in the thinking of Thomas Aquinas. It also addresses the metaphysical question in relation to the thought of Aquinas and Henri de Lucbac.
Immutability of God in Christian Terms
Drzyżdżyk, Szymon; Kosińska, Zuzanna (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
This article deals with the issue of the immutability of God in Himself. What is meant by “immutability” and why God should (or must) be immutable? Doesn’t He – whom Christians preach – contradict His immutability by showing interest in man? These questions, taken by a number of philosophers and theologians have appeared more or less frequently throughout history. The article is devoted to the immutability of God as one and the Holy Trinity on the grounds of Christianity. The article quotes the thoughts of representatives from the Church in the West and in the East – Tertullian and Origen. This thought formed in an era when Trinitarian heresy flourished and had a significant impact on the further development of theological reflection. Then the theological and philosophical position of Thomas Aquinas is taken into account as one who in his investigations on the nature of God used the components of ancient Greek philosophy.
Monastic Exegesis and the Biblical Typology of Monasticism in the Patristic Period
Kasprzak, Dariusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2014)
Monastic exegesis of the Bible in the Patristic period was characterized by ascetic pragmatism, reminiscence and meditation of the canonical text and at the same time its extra-verbal literal and spiritual interpretation. The consequence of such a manner of reading the text of the Bible was to acknowledge the monastic way of life as the royal path (via regia) and the monk as the one possessing certain spiritual knowledge and living faith. Systematic ignoring of the original Hebrew text by ancient monks, as well as by the Fathers of the Church, in using literal – spiritual and anagogical exegesis led to every biblical text being understood in a spiritual manner, i.e. as a text leading a monk to salvation. The biblical typologies of the monastic life also started to be derived from the theological rule of the Testaments. Those typologies resulted from the formerly adopted Christocentric theological premise assuming that the whole Bible tells about Christ and leads to Christ. They were the spiritual interpretation of the biblical text and were aimed at accounting for monasticism as the biblical form of life.
Naturaleza teológica del deseo humano de Dios En el Itinerarium de San Buenaventura
Woźniak, Robert (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
The fact that the object of desiderium for Bonaventure is located in the very life of the Blessed Trinity results in its peculiar and original understanding. The object of desire determines its internal structure and, therefore, influences its very nature. In the writings of the Doctor Seraphicus we can numbered at least three essential features of human desiderium Dei, which desire obteins from its object: the Seraphicus understands the desire as (1) a kind of love, as (2) a gift, and finally as (3) important feature of human nature as such.
The influence of Gnosticism and Manichaeism on Priscillianist doctrine, basing on Priscillianist and anti-Priscillianist sources
Sordyl, Krzysztof (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
The aim of this article is to discuss how the Priscilliann’s thought corresponds to Gnostic-Manichaean doctrine. There is no doubt that Priscillian in his writings presents himself as an expert on various heterodox movements of his time. The true sources of Priscillianism need to be sought at the metaphysical level.
The Influence of Aristotelianism, Epicureanism, Cynicism, and Stoicism on Human Life in the Early Church
Baron, Arkadiusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
This article deals with the issue of ancient Greek models of life proposed by Aristotle, Epicurus and the Stoics. The author tries to describe how and which of these models were assimilated by Christian society during the first centuries and which were rejected. The purpose of this article is to show how important Aristotle’s, the Stoics and Epicurus’ philosophy was for Christians in the advancement of the Christian lifestyle among the Greek societies. Understanding the development of theology in the early Greek Church requires knowledge of the ideals and values that shaped the thinking and behavior of people before they heard about the Gospel of Jesus.
Der doktrinale Glaube und der Glaube aus der Begegnung
Dzidek, Tadeusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
The paper’s title suggests that there is a tension any believer is destined to experience. Namely, every human being lives in the space spanned by his/her own experience of God, which can be called ‘a personal encounter’, and by the doctrine, that is, the structured content of religious beliefs suggested by his/ her religious community. The question this paper addresses is the following: what are the constellations in which the faith of a personal encounter and the faith expressed in the doctrine can go together?
Greek Models of Life up to Plato’s Philosophy and its Influence on the Christian Life in the Early Church
Baron, Arkadiusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
This article deals with the issue of ancient Greek models of life up to the time of Plato’s philosophy. The author presents in a brief way the ideals in the writing of Homer’s and Hesiod’s, in the Pericleus’ speech from the Peloponnesian war, the Spartans, Pythagoreans and Plato’s model of life and education. Next he tries to describe how and which of these models were assimilated by Christians in the first centuries and which were rejected. The purpose of this article is to show how important ancient Greek culture and philosophy was for Christians not to mention the Greek language in which the New Testament was written. Understanding the development of theology in the early Greek Church requires knowledge of ideals and values which were important for people before accepting the Jesus Gospel.
The ecumenical aspect of the justification of the sinner
Medwid, Wojciech (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2015)
The aim of this article is to discuss the ecumenical aspect of justification. Martin Luther was of the opinion that the road to justification was only through faith and grace, expressed by the principle simul iustus et peccator. The Council of Trent emphasized that justification is not only the remission of sins but is also sanctification. Catholic-Lutheran ecumenical dialogue formally began after the Second Vatican Council, which resulted in a consensus regarding the basic truths of the doctrine of justification and likewise looked at the person of Martin Luther, his demands, and the reformation.
M. Gilski, Mariologia centonów, Scriptum Publishers, Kraków 2016, pp. 246
Drzyżdżyk, Szymon (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2016)

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