The Biblical Annals, 2012, T. 2, nr 1
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Pozycja Asyryjska diaspora Izraelitów w świetle Księgi Ezechiela – Wojciechowi Pikorowi w odpowiedziChrostowski, Waldemar (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012)The article opposes the main thesis of W. Pikor who argues against the existence and crucial importance of the Israelite Diaspora in Assyria, and against viewing it as an important factor seriously influencing the message of the prophet Ezekiel and his book. In the first part of the article its author scrutinizes the Ezekielian texts questioned by W. Pikor as direct or indirect arguments for the existence of the Assyrian Diaspora. In the second part the possible existence of the Assyrian Diaspora is examined, taking into consideration doubts and reservations expressed by W. Pikor. The third part argues that the Book of Ezekiel bears witness to the Babylonian Diaspora of the Judean exiles, who in the first decades of sixth century B.C. met the descendants of the Israelites exiled to Assyria at the end of eighth century B.C. The message of Ezekiel, as it may be known from his book, answers the questions and challenges which resulted from an unprecedented meeting of two different, but at the same time cognate groups, namely the Israelites and Judeans, preparing thus the ground for the idea of the renewed “new Israel”.Pozycja Helge S. Kvanvig, Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic. An Intertextual Reading (Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 148; Leiden: Brill, 2011). Pp. xvi, 610. € 184, $ 251. ISBN 978-90-04-16380-5Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012)Pozycja Knowledge Transmission in the Context of the Watchers’ Sexual Sin with the Women in 1 Enoch 6-11Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012)The first part of this research scrutinizes previous scholarly opinions concerning the belonging of the motif of instruction to the original narrative. While the conclusions of especially Nickelsburg and Hanson are negative, the mainly thematic criterion used by them in the separation of the literary strata indicates that they could not see any thematic connection between the Watchers and the motif of knowledge transmission. The second part of the research shows the interrelationship between the mythological origins of scribal and medical knowledge transmission in cuneiform sources and the response of Jewish priests in Babylonia. The latter group rejected Babylonian cuneiform arts and opted for Aramaic type of knowledge with the creation of a different ideal scribe from before the flood (Enoch), different transcendent channel of knowledge transmission (angels faithful to God), and different channel of knowledge transmission from father to son in patriarchal and Levitical genealogies. The third part of the research explores the metaphorical meaning of especially the “great sin” of “fornication” committed by the Watchers. The sin of fornication with women and successive defilement of the Watchers have to be interpreted in relation to the metaphorical, not literal, meaning of these terms found in the biblical account where they often figuratively express apostasy from the God of Israel and idolatrous relationship with other gods.Pozycja W poszukiwaniu asyryjskiej diaspory Izraelitów w Księdze EzechielaPikor, Wojciech (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012)The article deals with the argument of W. Chrostowski about the Assyrian Israelite Diaspora as a factor influencing the book of Ezekiel. First, the author verifies the Ezekielian texts evoked by Chrostowski as arguments for his thesis (garden of Eden motif; “the 30th year” in Ezek 1:1; subjects participating in the dispute about the possession of the promised land in Ezek 11:14-17; allusion to Samaria in Ezek 23; the vision of dry bones in Ezek 37:1-14). The second part of the article examines the possibility of existence of the Assyrian Diaspora in the light of biblical and extra-biblical sources. The analysis of the situation of the Israelites deported to Assyria after the fall of Samaria in 722 B.C.E. (especially in the context of the population and religion politics of the Assyrian Empire) permits to exclude the existence of the Assyrian Israelite Diaspora and the claim that it could not only preserve, but also deepen and strengthen its identity. The third part of the article argues that the audience of Ezekiel does not derive from the descendants of the Israelites exiled to Assyria. Thus, the book of Ezekiel is the testimony written for those who experienced the Babylonian exile only.