The Person and the Challenges, 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1
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Pozycja Personality Disorders as a Cause of the Invalidation of Catholic Marriage in PolandKraiński, Wiesław (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2020)Introduction: The institution of marital consent, which is the efficient cause of marriage and its annulment on the grounds of specified personality disorders. Aim of the study: The research objectives of this study are as follows: determining the proportion of cases on the sole ground of mental incapacity to other grounds of marriage annulment, the number of marriage annulment declarations among clients suffering from personality disorders with a differential diagnosis, age and gender determination of the person requesting marriage annulment – determining the average value and the standard deviation, the duration of marriage until its annulment – determining the average value and the standard deviation, the number of cases in which marriage annulment application is submitted by men and women as well as determining the proportion of cases concluding with the declaration of marriage annulment to those concluding with a negative judgement. In the research part of the study the following analysis has been carried out, personality disorders leading to the marriage annulment, distinguishing between gender, the etiology of particular disorders as well as dysfunctional areas demonstrated by court experts concerning both marital and family life. Material and methods: The analysis of psychological opinions extracted from the marriage annulment cases which were considered and judged by the Bishop’s Court in the Diocese of Toruń. The research period stretches over five years between 2012 and 2016,during which court experts in clinical psychology issued their opinions in 156 cases concerning 82 persons. Conclusions: On the basis of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: the age of applicants requesting marriage annulment: Men – M=37,04; SD=7,90; Women – M=34,98; SD=8,07. Duration of marriage until annulment: – M=13,23; SD=8,24. Marriage annulment requests were submitted by 62 men and 94 women. Marriage was declared null and void in 122 cases whereas the negative judgment concerned 36 cases. The conclusions drawn indicate that the predominant disorders resulting in marriage annulment included antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder as well as dependent personality disorder (DPD). The conclusions drawn clearly show that the predominant disorder resulting in the invalidation of marriage is antisocial personality disorder, closely followed by narcissistic personality disorder and finally by dependent personality disorder. Out of 189 cases processed by the court within the period of five years, 156 of them concern mental incapacities whereas the remaining ones concern other cases of marriage annulment.Pozycja Unresolved Childhood Abuse and Neglect in Adulthood: the Emotional Aspect in Relational Family TherapyBožac, Lidija (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2020)Childhood family abuse or neglect is a traumatic relational experience with potentially long lasting impact on one’s psycho-organic and interpersonal world. The purpose of our qualitative research was to deepen the understanding of negative trauma impact on adults’ emotional world and to find the ways of recovery through Relational Family Therapy. Seven adults with the history of childhood abuse or neglect participated in the research. The results pointed out potential difficulties in identifying, naming and understanding emotions, differentiating past emotions from the present ones, distinguishing one’s own emotions from the projected ones, issues with experiencing the diversity of emotions, and difficulties with emotion regulation and management. Positive changes in these areas were observed in Relational Family Therapy. The findings of this research are a contribution to the understanding of specific emotional problems of adults with the history of childhood abuse or neglect as well as to therapeutic interventions that could lead to recovery.