Polonia Sacra, 2005, R. 9 (27), Nr 16 (60)
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Pozycja Biblijne pojęcie przymierzaJelonek, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2005)Covenant belongs to the most basic notions of religious message as it became a model of religion, which was presented in the Holy Scriptues. Before it was endowed with religious content and became an expression of mutual relationship between God and man, covenant was an inspiration referring to relations among people. Covenant as taken from the relations among people, fit perfectly as a model for religions owing to, in particular, its two features. It was an indissoluble treaty and, entered by two unequal parties endowed the stronger one with a right to dictate conditions. The Scriptures describe three basic types of covenant, the most important of which was the Sinai one. It was an imperfect covenant; it had to be renewed and because of that the Old Testament announces a new one. This is done by Christ, and the New Testament demonstrates its superiority over the old covenant as well as its ontic novelty.Pozycja Granice wolności w odniesieniu do ciała według 1 Kor 6,12-14Pindel, Roman (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2005)In the closed and coherent unit of argumentation under analysis (I Cor. 6, 12-14) freedom in relation to using one's body must be understood as the freedom of a person to keep oneself against all types of enslavement (cf. 6, 12), but also as such surrendering to Christ, in which He is the disposer of the person, including his/her body as the integral part. An anthropological reason of the error of addressees of Paul's argumentation is their incorrect reference to human body, a deeper theological reason – the lack of consequence between faith and its moral implications. In his moral teaching the Apostle Paul invariably – as seen in the fragment under analysis – refers to the preached kerygma and its basic subject matter, simultaneously, however, his argumentation reveals an ability for good analysis of the message carried by the words used in the circles for which he addresses his reasoning.Pozycja Problematyka grzechu, wiary i usprawiedliwienia w augustyńskich komentarzach do Listu do RzymianKasprzak, Dariusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2005)St. Augustine wrote two commentaries on St. Paul's Letter to Romans: in Carthage, in June 394 he wrote Expositio quarumdam propositionum ex Epistola ad Romanos (Commentary on Statements in the Letter of Paul to the Romans). In the other one St. Augustine analyzed The Letter to the Romans in Hippo in 395 in the so called Epistolae ad Romanos inchoata Expositio (Unfinished Commentary on the Letter to Romans). The article presents Augustine's view on sin, faith and justification as he sees them in Paul, against Manichees. The characteristic teaching of these treatises is the four stages of the history of salvation: ante legem, sub lege, sub gratia and in pace (Expositio quarumdam). These stages, Augustine argues, correspond both to the periods of human history and to the steps in spiriual development of an individual believer. Unable not to sin the sinner's sub lege can nonetheless freely choose to implore Christ's aid. “Grace” and "peace" are themselves nothing other than God's gift of the Spirit, which is given for all sinners so that they might be released from sin and in this way be reconciled with God. What sin then is unpardonable? It is despair. “Continuing in wickedness and maliciousness with despair of the kindness and mercy of God” (Inochata expositio). To despair is to resist God's gift of the Holy Spirit, which brings grace and peace, reconciling the sinner with God. If the sinner dispairs of forgiveness, he will continue to sin, and so never be forgiven.