Studia Bydgoskie, 2019, Tom 13

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    Andrzej Napiórkowski OSPPE, Od Arki Jahwe do Kościoła Trójjedynego Boga, Pelplin 2019, ss. 231.
    Warchoł, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
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    Arcybiskup Ignacy Hołowiński jako kaznodzieja, rektor Akademii Petersburskiej i formator pokoleń duchownych polskich
    Waluś, Monika (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
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    Boskie prerogatywy Jezusa opisane w perykopie o uzdrowieniu paralityka (Mk 2, 1–12). Studium literackie, semantyczne i teologiczne
    Ćwikła, Jarosław (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The Divinity of Jesus is among the most significant truths preached by the Apostles and their helpers. Unfortunately, the dogma met with resistance in both the Jewish and pagan worlds of that time. The Jews – both their spiritual and secular leaders – took it as a heresy against the foundations of Judaism and the existence of their nation. It is not surprising then that soon after the Pentecost of AD 30 they launched regular persecutions of Christians and even condemned them to death. Those sentenced to death for their belief in Jesus’ divinity, included Deacon Stephen (AD 35), James the Great, a son of Zebedee and an Apostle of Jesus (AD 62), and James the Lord’s brother, bishop of Jerusalem (AD 62). Naturally, among the victims were also all those anonymous Christians who regarded their faith as something more important than their earthly lives (Acts 8: 1–3). In the pagan world , the truth of Jesus’ divine nature was rejected for other reasons. One was the scandalum crucis (the Scandal of the Cross): the pagans found it difficult to believe the truth of God, who first became Man and then gave up His life in expiatory sacrifice (Mark 14: 22–25) by allowing His infamous crucifixion (Mark 15: 27). What added to the difficulty was the fact that it was the Romans, specifically Pontius Pilate, who shared responsibility for the death of Jesus (Mark 15: 1–15). The four canonical Gospels contain traces of those attempts by Gospel preachers to proclaim the truth of God and man to their reluctant listeners both in the Jewish and pagan worlds. They can easily be found in the oldest of the gospels, namely Mark, which begins with the words: ”The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. ”The truth of Jesus’ divinity expressed in the passage is a recurrent motif of the following pages of the book, as exemplified by references to Jesus’ restoring a demon-possessed man (Mark 5: 1–20) and His trial before the Sanhedrin (Mark 14: 53–65). Further hints are provided by the description of a storm on the lake (Mark 4: 35–41) and the story of healing a paralytic (Mark 2: 1–12). It is the last of those passages that received special consideration in the article, the goal of which is to reveal the truth of the Divinity of Jesus included there. For easy reading, the paper is divided into three parts: the first deals with literary issues; the second discusses semantic aspects; while the third presents those related to theology. Part one demonstrates what is recorded in the gospel (Mark 2: 1–12) as well as its context and structure. Part two explains the meaning of key phrases and terms in the text. Finally, part three presents what we can learn from the fragment in question (Mark 2: 1–12).
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    Eucharystia – misterium zgromadzenia, Królestwa i jedności. Wokół teologii eucharystycznej Aleksandra Schmemanna
    Kiejkowski, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    Alexander Schmemann (1921–1983) is one of the most important contemporary Orthodox thinkers active in exile in France and the United States. The Eucharist: Sacrament of the Kingdom, the last work by the outstanding thinker, provides a series of reflections on the Eucharist, being a testimony and the fruit of over thirty years of his work as an Orthodox priest, lecturer, and writer. The article deals with selected aspects of his eucharistic theology. First, it is in the Eucharist that the Church is realized as a gathering summoned by the Resurrected Lord. Second, the Holy Liturgy is the mystery of the Kingdom of God. Third, the Eucharist is a sacrament of unity.
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    Fides ex auditu. Nakierowanie przepowiadania misyjnego na wzbudzanie wiary jako realizacja podstawowego celu działalności misyjnej. Próba zarysu problematyki w kontekście współczesnym
    Sokołowski, Piotr Artur (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The author discusses links between the ministry of the word and missionary work in the modern world. Based on the doctrine of Feliks Zapłata, the father of Polish missiology, the paper demonstrates the significance of the ministry of the word in missionary work. The ministry along with the ministry of love and grace form a triad which in practice expresses the essence of missionary work. Then the author goes on to consider the concept of religious conversion with reference to the goal of Church missions. The following section deals with catechumenate-oriented preaching, which is instrumental in the faith growing process. Next, the author takes a closer look at missionary preaching while presenting its two dimensions that need to complement each other: a positive dimension and a polemic one. The latter has many aspects related to the numerous problems that a believer has to face today. Some of the other issues the author focuses on include the inevitability of polemics with the pagan world, polemics with fundamentalist atheism and problems resulting from trends currently observed in the western world. Through globalisation processes and the mass media among others, the trends are also present in environments devoid of Christian traditions; those include silent apostasy, fifth columns in Catholic institutions and useful idiots among the clergy. Subsequently, the author touches upon the so called new evangelisation in the missionary context. He notes that the term in church documents has two different, but complementary, meanings. One of its assumptions is that the new evangelisation in the missionary context is aimed at those who have moved away from the faith for various reasons and who are referred to as the lapsi. Summing up, all this points to the need to conduct further missiological studies taking into account today’s problems of the Church and the world.
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    Hagia Sophia w Konstantynopolu. Od architektonicznego fenomenu do teologicznego symbolu
    Sprutta, Justyna (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is the most magnificent sacred foundation of the Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great. Erected at the site of a former temple devastated by fire in 532, the building was conceived by two architects or scholars from Asia Minor: Anthemius and Isidore. As an architectural jewel, the Hagia Sophia delights visitors with its design and structure, whereas as a theological symbol, the building is perceived as a masterpiece of God, permeated with light symbolizing Him. Undoubtedly, the architectural wonder and theological symbol demonstrates great splendour. For centuries the Hagia Sophia was a monumental Christian shrine; after the fall of Byzantium it was converted into a mosque; and in the 1930s the building became a museum.
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    Kościół a proces humanizacji globalizacji
    Łajca, Paweł; Kucharczyk, Krystian (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The article raises issues related to the Church’s approach to the globalisation process. Globalism is a widespread trend in the modern world and therefore the Church must not be afraid of social life, but carefully distinguish between negative and positive internal processes taking place in globalisation. Christian people and the entire Church should make sure that the process of humanising globalisation stays true to the green world and hope contained in the promise from the Revelation Behold, I am doing all things new (Rev 21: 5). Insufficient humanisation of the process may bring about numerous threats ranging from various forms of slavery and colonisation to an extremely reductionist, objectoriented approach to human life.
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    Kościół wobec gender. Między krytyką, dialogiem a świadectwem prawdy
    Bortkiewicz, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The article offers an insight into the Church’s attitude towards gender. At its core, gender questions the sexual objectivity of women and men, thus undermining objective human identity. Based on texts used in the propagation of gender ideology, the article presents key concepts of sex in the theory. In this context, the study goes on to demonstrate the over-optimistic approach of “Male and Female He Created Them: Toward a Path of Dialogue on the Question of Gender Theory in Education”, a document of the Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education, which advocates dialogue. This approach, not highly realistic in nature, should be replaced by the testimony of Church theology with John Paul II’s thoughts, especially his theology of the body, being a case in point.
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    Nawrócenie św. Klary z Asyżu w interpretacji Benedykta XVI
    Benewiat, Agnes (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The article is a study of Benedict XVI’s Letter on the Occasion of the “Clarian Year”, which offers reflections on the conversion of St Clare of Assisi. The pope’s letter presents profound theological considerations on her experience of faith. The document is discussed in the context of Benedict XVI’s other publications, which contain numerous thoughts on religious conversion: its roots and consequences. St Clare’s conversion is interpreted through her sight fixed on St. Francis’ internal transformation. This led to her spiritual meeting with Jesus Christ, whose love and sacrifice allowed her to understand her own vocation. According to the pope, the next stage in St Clare’s spiritual journey was her discovery of God’s beauty, which was the reason for her exodus – her ultimate decision to become a spouse of the Crucified Christ. Thanks to this context, the study not only stresses the unique character of the pope’s interpretation, but also demonstrates its continuity with his other ideas in his output.
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    Po co są objawienia prywatne?
    Warchoł, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    Besides public revelation contained in the books of the Old and New Covenant, there are also private revelations. They differ in rank as they concern words and visions originated after the New Testament was complete. The Church studies and assesses those to confirm their authenticity, the main criterion of which is acceptance of Christ and His teachings. If they move people away from the Gospel, they lack the light of the Holy Spirit and so are not considered genuine. Moreover, those cannot bring good spiritual fruits and jeopardize the salvation of God’s children. The visionaries are usually simple weak people whose lives resemble that of Jesus. Having experienced the vision, they do nothing for themselves but strive to bring all of Christ’s brothers to Him. As testified by experience, private revelations continue to take place, surprising us and demonstrating theological and spiritual aspects sent from Heaven as signs of the times.
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    Powstanie i organizacja struktur katechetycznych w diecezji bydgoskiej
    Lipiński, Dariusz (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The Diocese of Bydgoszcz was established by John Paul II on 24 February 2004. The pope selected Bydgoszcz as the capital of the new diocese, which incorporated twelve deaneries formerly part of the Archdiocese of Gniezno, one deanery from the Diocese of Koszalin and Kołobrzeg, as well as three deaneries from the Diocese of Pelplin. The Diocese of Bydgoszcz has an area of 4631 km² and lies within two provinces. It is headed by Bishop Jan Tyrawa, whose motto is Ave crux spes unica – “Hail to the Cross, our only hope”. The patron saints of the diocese are Our Lady of Beautiful Love and the blessed Bishop Michał Kozal. Having assumed his post, Bishop Jan Tyrawa launched the organization of key auxiliary institutions. He established the diocesan curia tasked with representing the local Church in pastoral and administrative affairs. Since its early days the curia has been located in a building at 1 ks. Malczewskiego Street in Bydgoszcz. Another institution that originated thanks to the bishop’s efforts is the local Theological Seminary. In addition to setting up the diocese’s structures, Bishop Tyrawa undertook every effort to develop catechization here. Bydgoszcz already housed the Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński Memorial Primate Institute for Christian Culture, which launched operations thanks to the efforts of Bishop Jan Nowak in 1982. The first head of the local division was Father Bronisław Kaczmarek. The establishment of the institute was inspired by the Second Vatican Council, which among others called for students’ education in compliance with the Church doctrine and constant support to Church employees. The institute has a Catechetical Centre and a Theological College. The rector of the Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań set up the Bydgoszcz Branch of its Theological Department. The new local institution incorporated the Higher Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Bydgoszcz, thus making Father Wojciech Szukalski its first rector. Classes are held in the new seminary buildings at 22 Grodzka Street. The new president of the Primate Institute for Christian Culture was Father Rafał Grabowski. Since 2010 Father Mirosław Gogolik has served as head of the Institute and Proxy for the Dean of the Theological Department of the Poznań-based University. The Division of Catechization of Catholic Schools in the diocese aims to provide care for religious education in schools and parishes, maintain cooperation with educational institutions and support religion teachers by offering them various programmes related to catechetical services in the local church.
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    Przestrzeń sakralna kościoła pw. św. Mikołaja w Bydgoszczy
    Woś, Marcin (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The article discusses the sacred space of St Nicholas Church in Bydgoszcz. Its particular elements serving worship-related purposes are presented in historical, liturgical and legal perspectives. It is important to consider church interior as a sign of the presence of Christ and His Mystical Body, and simultaneously as an image of the Church as God’s people. Its space must be so arranged as to include three liturgical centres: a mass presider’s pulpit; a lectern or a table of the Word; and a main altar, also referred to as a Eucharistic table. Church space should facilitate contact with Christ and underline the unity of God’s people and their hierarchical structure. As well as that, it has specific catechetical values, but should primarily serve liturgical purposes. The choice of words is important here: theologically, it is more appropriate to speak of church structure and space rather than sacred structure and space.
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    Relacyjny charakter życia osoby ludzkiej w nauczaniu Karola Wojtyły – Jana Pawła II
    Szukalski, Wojciech (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The relation-oriented, or relational, character of personal life forms an integral part of our humanity. No-one creates themselves but created in the image and likeness of the Triune God a person discovers the truth about themselves. For this reason, the most basic relation demonstrated by Karol Wojtyła / John Paul II has its reference to God. Having accepted the truth of the creation of man and woman, a person grows up in the enriching community of people and becomes a gift for others. “Ad extra” relations are complemented by those “ad intra”. Everyone is enriched by others but also has tasks on their own. The vocation for growing up is carried out through individual acts, which shape human life. John Paul II strove for human freedom, which should be rooted in the truth, in the process of making a decision. He perceived a person through the Revelation and objective data, but also reached into the human heart, which he considered to be God’s sanctuary in us. He invited people to pray for making conscientious choices that comply with God’s will in the spirit of freedom and responsibility.
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    Teologiczne i formacyjne znaczenie nabożeństwa majowego w piśmiennictwie św. Urszuli Ledóchowskiej
    Waluś, Monika (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    The study discusses possible applications of St Urszula Ledóchowska’s Thoughts in pastoral care, specifically in devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary held daily in May. In keeping with the guidelines of Vatican Council 2 and postcouncil recommendations related to Mariology, the meditations are based on biblical texts arranged in a Christ-centred manner. Furthermore, they include an interpretation of all titles and invocations in the Litany of Loreto as well as elements of Marian aretology with possible use by Mary’s worshippers. The Thoughts adopt a simple language and can be read by people of different potentials and backgrounds. They take into account the hierarchy of doctrinal truths; point to anthropo-typical and ecclesio-typical Mariology; and may provide the basis for May devotions held both individually and in a group. Many of the reflections explain the meaning of dogmas and Mary’s traditional titles such as Queen of Poland, Mother of Sorrows and Mother of All Believers.
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    Wpływ wychowania religijnego na aktualną praktykę wiary wśród polskiej emigracji zarobkowej
    Wielgosz, Marianna; Gogolik, Mirosław (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    Educating children results from the fundamental care for human life and the right to life, which entails parental duties in the integral upbringing of their children. Parents expect support in the process primarily from the government but also from social institutions as well as the Church community. Undoubtedly, a sign of the times is the growing migration for job-seeking purposes, which brings about new experience and has an influence not only on financial living standards but also religious and social life. Therefore, the results of research presented here may provide a stimulus for reflection on the shape of religious education in the family, especially its impact on further adult life. The Poles are widely believed to hold Christian values in high esteem. Catechesis and practicing the faith in compliance with the teachings of Jesus Christ begin in early life and much of that is held within the family. The large-scale migration of recent years poses a question of whether religious values and practices learned at home will be maintained in another country and community? An attempt to answer the question was a study conducted among Polish job immigrants to Great Britain in 2018–2019. The survey aimed to assess the extent to which the present standards of religious life are influenced by those values and behavioural norms that comply with Church teachings and were learned at home.
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    Współczesne stanowisko Kościoła katolickiego w kwestii dziecka nienarodzonego
    Ciołek, Wojciech (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2019)
    As the Church believes, human life begins at the moment of conception. For that reason, the Catholic Church has always considered every person a subject of rights and strongly opposed attacks on conceived human life. Under canon law, any action leading to the killing of an unborn child at any stage of their development is considered murder punishable with severe penalties and penance. The Code of Canon Law provides for excommunication for killing a human fetus, a serious crime as it concerns a harmless person. The Church law protects the nasciturus, for instance by allowing miscarried fetuses to be baptized as long as they are alive and by the right to a Catholic funeral without prior baptism. Furthermore, if there are doubts whether aborted fetuses are alive, the Church allows their conditional baptism. The Catholic Church’s stand on the legal status of the nasciturus is fully reflected in the teachings of John Paul II. In his statements addressed to doctors, politicians and students, he emphasized the importance of dignity and respect for each human being from the moment of conception to natural death. The Pope firmly defended the rights of the nasciturus and opposed the production of human embryos beyond their natural environment. The Church maintains that genetic research on human embryos compromises human dignity and human rights, and thus should not be carried out. Simultaneously, the Church encourages the development of medical sciences aimed at improving human health and its quality.