Seminare, 1978, Tom 3

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Bóg chrześcijaństwa w liryce modlitewnej J. Słowackiego
Dziubiński, Marian (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The aim of the article is to present the conception of God and the artistic method of building the poetical image of God in the lyric prayer poetry of Słowacki, the great Polish Romantic poet. The author demonstrates that Slowacki’s lyric prayers contain certain elements of prayer in the proper sense. In the poems God is somebody who is acknowledged and at least shown respect. The analysis of the titles and the expressions referring to God and the Persons of the Trinity reveals the use of tradition on the one hand, and the poet’s originality in shaping the poetical vision on the other. The God of Slowacki’s lyric poetry is the Creator of the spirit and of all nature, the father of man, the God of the existential fact, who is present in the dramatic prayer dialogue. He is also the God of the trials and experiences of the chosen (Polish) nation; the messianic theme in Slowacki’s lyric poetry also manifests itself in acknowledging the role of a chosen individual whom God calls and whose mission He justifies. The image of God in Slowacki’s lyric prayer poetry is basically Christian. That poetry is an expression of Slowacki’s attempts to work out the image that would be as complete and comprehensive as possible but at the same time original, his own.
Dwadzieścia pięć lat Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Lądzie nad Wartą 1952‒1977
Kosiński, Stanisław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The Seminary of the Society of St. Francis de Sales in Ląd-on-Warta was founded by the Inspector, Father Stanisław Rokita on July 4th, 1952. By August of that year 39 clerics had already begun to study philosophy. Two years later the philosophy department as a whole was moved first to Kutno-Woźniaków and then to Czerwińsk on the Vistula, while in Ląd a theological course of studies was started. Besides the teachers working there on a regular basis, professors from other diocesan seminaries and seminaries attached to religious orders, lectured there. In 1972 the philosophy and theology departments were combined thus forming a single seminary ‒ an educationally strong institution. The formative structure of the Seminary has been based on the norms for seminaries from the years 1968 and 1971, passed by the Polish Episcopate and according to the decisions of the Chapters General of the Society of St. Francis de Sales from the years 1970 and 1976. In the Seminary special emphasis is put on both the theoretical and practical preparation form evangelism among young people. During the 25 years of the existence of the Seminary, about 360 clerics studied there: 251 have taken holy orders, 68 have left the Seminary, 2 died in tragic circumstances and 28 are working as missionaries. At present graduates of the Seminary are superiors in 51 places; they are responsible for the management of the Province. In spite of such a short period of existence the Seminary can boast significant scholarly work as well as catechetical, homiletic, and musical achievements. The spiritual leadership given by its graduates in various institutions has proved that the Seminary has been effective in fulfilling the mission to which it was called a quarter of a century ago.
Etyka sokratyczna a etyka Pawła z Tarsu (różnice i podobieństwa)
Popowski, Remigiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The structure of the present article is as follows: 1. Presentation of the views of some scholars, and especially the views of a Polish classicist, Tadeusz Zieliński (1859‒1944), concerning a possible influence of the ancient pagan thought on the formation of the Christian doctrine. 2. Discussion of the Socratic ethic on the basis of Plato’s dialogues. 3. Discussion of the Christian ethic on the basis of Corpus Paulinum. 4. Demonstration of the differences and similarities between the Socratic ethic and the Christian ethic. 5. Conclüsions: It is impossible to accept the view that through the person of St. Paul, a citizen of the hellenized city of Tarsus, the Socratic ethic could significantly influence the formation of the foundations of the Christian ethic. The factors which contradict such a hypothesis are: the place of God in the Christian ethic; the high role of love; directiong man’s inquiries and activities towards another Person. Socrates, however, might have had an indirect impact on recognizing the important, although not the most important or exclusive, function of reason in the ethical life. Thanks to that Christianity has defended itself against accepting stiff Judaistic formalism.
Katechetyczna myśl Kościoła w świetle „Instrumentum laboris”
Majewski, Mieczysław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
Recently much has been said and written on the subject of catechesis in the modern world. However, the voice of the 5th Synod of Bishops had special significance in this respect. By means of the Synod the whole Church expressed its views on the need for catechesis, its nature, contents, subject and methods. The present article is an attempt at indicating but also analysing the main problems of catechesis today. The basic material for carrying out this task was the synodal document “Instrumentum Laboris”. The author first discusses the origin of the document, analyses it, and then sets it contents against the achievements of modern catechetics. As a result he concluds that in its work, which found its expression in “Instrumentum Laboris”, the Synod treated the problem of the relation between catechesis and the Church in a significantly deeper way than previously. Taking a critical approach to the document analysed, the author of the article observes that it constitutes a fairly comprehensive catechetical synthesis but that at the same time it is not a coherent logical whole. Drawing on the richness of the document, modern catechetics can, undoubtedly, improve catechesis. At the same time, however, the ideas indicated in the document need to be further developed.
Katecheza latynoamerykańska w świetle II Konferencji CELAM-u
Olesiński, Roman (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The Church in Latin America joined the post-Vatican stream of renewal through the 2nd Conference of the Council of Latin American Episcopates (CELAM). The Conference was called in 1968 with the purpose of implementing the ideas of the Vatican Council, critically evaluating the way in which the Church is present on that continent and analysing Latin American reality in the light of the Gospel. The final documents of the Conference, although they do touch on current problems of Latin America, have, above all, a pastoral character. The 2nd Conference of CELAM started from an analysis of reality and carried on to identify and solve basic problems such as: justice, peace, hunger, exploitation, progress, etc., which are the signs of the time for the Church in Latin America. Such a sign of the time is, most of all, a desire for and efforts towards the elevation of man and the essential liberation which, in a way, permeates all the other kinds. By raising the problem of liberation, the Conference pointed to the inner aspect of liberation, i.e. to the necessity of shaping “the new man”. Consequently catechesis, according to the documents of the Conference, should lead to conversion. Since both a man’s conversion and his answering God’s call take place in the context of a specific environment, this is why the renewed catechesis adopts a positive attitude its problems. By its very nature this catechesis draws attention to “a man-in-a-situation”, i.e. to a man himself and his environment in order to offer him, by the service of the Word, full liberation accomplished in Jesus Christ. In this way the catechesis will contribute to changing social relations and the environment. Such catechesis is not, however, free from certain dangers, such as horizontalism or a certain liberalization of the catechesis.
Lektura młodzieżowa a asceza (na marginesie doświadczeń św. Jana Bosko)
Świda, Andrzej (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
A tutor and spiritual leader faces the problem of transmitting to young people the instructions which are commonly called ascetic norms. Draving on the experience of Father Bosco, a tutor of great calibre, w e come to the conclusion that many factors contribute to the solution of the problem, such as: the testimony of one’s word and life, the right kind of influence from the environment, and a carefully selected reading list. The pupils, however, have to be prepared for the readings. If we want to use the lives of the saints nowadays, we have to take into consideration the age and background of our pupils, and the attitudes of contemporary young people. Consequently it is not easy to find adequate books. It seems that the best solution is offered by Vatican Council II which encourages everyone to read the most perfect of all the lives ‒ the Gospel. In any case the question of the lives of the saints is still valid for the solution of the problem of transmitting norms to the young.
Nowotestamentalna idea przepowiadania
Rubinkiewicz, Ryszard (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The author analyses such concepts as “euaggelizein”, “keryssein”, “katechein”, “didaskein”, “didache”, “martyrein”, and others, occurring in the New Testament. These terms can be divided into two groups. In the first group there would be terms which have a missionary character, such as “to evangelize”, “to announce”, and “to witness”. They serve to denote the activity of preaching to all the people, irrespective of their previously held beliefs and moral attitudes, the salvation brought by Jesus Christ. The other group would contain the terms which denote the activity of training those who are already believers but need a deeper and more systematic presentation of religious truths. Here belong the verbs “didaskein”, and “katechein”.
Postawy pokutne młodzieży
Kulpaczyński, Stanisław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
In the introduction it was observed that youth is „the hope of the Church” and pastoral théologiens show concern with its penitential attitude. The article consists of four parts which develop the following thoughts: attempt to define metanoia, theological aspects of the penitential attitude, the experiencing of this attitude by young people, and pastoral conclusions. Having observed that the problem of metanoia lies primarily within the scope of theology, the article first explains the functioning of metanoia with reference to the psychological laws operating in the process of attitude-shaping. As for the definition of metanoia, it has been adopted after the Constitution “Paenitemini” that metanoia is “a relatively constant endeavour to improve one’s life thanks to which one begins to think and act being filled with the love of God”. It is emphasized that a good penitential attitude combines psychological and sociological elements and leads to a good confession. When dealing with the theological aspect of this attitude, the author discusses the characteristic features of the attitude, its elements, motivation, and its individual and social significance. The ways in which young people experience the penitential attitude are presented on the basis of the analysis of empirical date (over 200 students from the 1st and 4th year of secondary schools in groups equal with regard to sex and number). The factors taken into consideration were: 1. the religious consciousness of the subjects, i.e. understanding the consequences of deadly sin and the social and ecclesiastical significance of confession and 2. the manifestations of their penitential attitude, i.e. the attempt to improve their life, the difficulties they encounter, and the changes in behaviour they desire. The pastoral conclusions emphasize the role of spiritual guiedes, especially confessors. The conclusions contribute to a deeper understanding of the problem and offer practical suggestions.
Problem darmowości nadnatury w systemie H. de Lubac’a
Gorywoda, Engelbert (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The task undertaken by the author of the article consists in deciding whether the gratuitousness of supernature (surnaturel), as understood by the Church, is or is not violated in H. de Lubac’s system. Having presented the historical context of the problem in question, the teaching of the magisterium of the Church concerning the gratuitousness of supernature, and having made a critical analysis of H. de Lubac’s views, the author concludes that H. de Lubac’s system does not violated the gratuitousness of supernature. It will not be a mistake, however, to say that the system does not fully reveal the gratuitous character of supernature, neither does it justify this character in a satisfactory way. H. de Lubac did not show explicityly enough the many different kinds of the gratuitousness of supernature as compared with the gratuitousness of nature. Besides he positively excluded a possible occurrence of a natural order which would be a further pre-requisite for acknowledging the true gratuitousness of supernature.
Propozycje pedagogiczne Wojciecha Dzieduszyckiego
Ciszewski, Marian (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
Wojciech Dzieduszycki (1848‒ 1909) ‒ a philosopher, publicist, diplomat. In the times of political subjection he was active in the Austrian sector of the partitioned Poland (Galicia). In 1866 an opportunity arose there to develop a Polish school system (the National School Council was established). Dzieduszycki’s concern with the future of Polish society and the Polish nation caused his interests in pedagogical questions. He noticed that the programme of universal education, carried out within the Austrian model of education, might lead to the decline of the national spirit and to the extinction of aspirations for independence. He observed a disharmony between fostering an awareness of national identity and the education acquired in schools, and a disproportion between the intellectual and the physical development of children and young people in the process of education. With the aim of preventing that situation, Wojciech Dzieduszycki made several pedagogical proposals making use of his own philosophical views. He distinguished three elements in education: religious and moral education, intellectual education, and physical education. He emphasized their interrelatedness and the necessity for keeping balance between them. His criticism of the contemporary programmes, text-books, and methods of teaching individual subjects was accompanied by specific proposals; he suggested, for example, replacing the memory method with the visual method, he also suggested new programmes and a new arrangement of material in text-books. He recognized the most important role of the parents (especially of the mother) in bringing up and educating a child. By his activities Wojciech Dzieduszycki made an impact on the reform of Polish education in Galicia. He dealt with many educational problems which are still vital and very much discussed.
Wartości humanistyczne w ascetyce św. Franciszka Salezego
Struś, Józef (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
Humanism in Francis de Sales’ views is not merely theoretical but it constitutes the basis for the spiritual counselling as actually practiced by the Bishop from Geneva. Contrarivise to Jansenism which condemns all that is human, Francis de Sales accepts all that relates to man and that contributes to the development of his personality. The body and the soul make up one person. This is why a Salesian does not scorn the body but takes care of it in a mature way. Instead of emphasizing the mortification of the body, Francis de Sales encourages spiritual mortification. It means accepting every day of life as it is. He does not sacrifice feelings for the sake of faith, either. He simply recommends moderation in this respect, too, and this obviously helps to be a man. It allows one to remain a man also when one is exceptionally eager in practicing piety. Francis de Sales does not accept the antagonism between faith and intellect. He does not oppose women’s beautifying practices, he actually recommends taking care of one’s appearance. However, he warns against overdoing it. He is an advocate of joyful piety without melancholy and sadness.
Wkład naukowy misji salezjańskich
Farina, Rafał (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The author presents the history of the scientific activities of Salesian missionaries. The first missionaries who went to South America limited their activity to changing the living conditions of the Indians. After some time they began to describe the customs and traditions (ethnography) of the natives. They also started meteorologic and linguistic studies. The scientific contribution of the Salesians in the missionary countries has manifested itself 1) directly, in the field of ethnography, linguistics, geography, natural science and history; 2) indirectly, through schools and education, mass media (special radio and publications); 3) finally, through the research centres and museums founded and run by the missionaries. The author presents individual Salesian scholars and quotes the titles of the works they have published.
Z badań nad psychologicznymi aspektami przynależności religijnej młodzieży z ośrodków duszpasterstwa akademickiego
Pomianowski, Roman (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1978)
The purpose of the article is to present a possible psychological approach to studying religious adherence and to illustrate it with specific results of investigations. The survey was made at the end of 1973 and the beginning of 1974 in 2 groups of university students. One group, referred to as ODA, consisted of those students who had contacts with the academic centre for spiritual counselling (N = 175 persons, 60,5 per cent men). The members of the other group, NDA, had no contacts with the academic centre (N = 175; 64 per cent women, 36 per cent men). Both groups were homogeneous with regard to age, sex, social background, year and field of studies, type of school, place of studying, and the parents’ attitudes to the Church. The differential variable was the membership of ODA. The comparative analyses of the results showed that both groups of subjects differed significantly as to all the three dimensions of religious attachment, namely in the intensity of behaviour in connection with faith, behaviour towards the institution of the Church and behaviour towards the Catholic cult. As a rule there were more ODA members displaying a high intensity of positive religious behaviour than NDA members. Similarly, more NDA members than ODA members displayed attitudes of religious indifference and a high intensity of negative attitudes. A period of studies without religious education in the centre has a negative influence on students’ religious adherence. This demonstrates itself most of all in low intensity of faith and a negative attitude towards the Catholic cult. A period of studies during which students ’’belong” to the centre exerts a positive influence on the formation of more and more mature forms of religious adherence in students. It is best reflected in the growth of the intensity of faith (central dimension) and breathing new life into the students’ exprerience of the liturgy.

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