The Person and the Challenges, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 1

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    Adaptive Religious Education at the Service of Inventiveness: A scientific way of being creative and effective in Religious Education
    Gellel, Adrian (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    Student uniqueness demands that the teacher/catechist is inventive not only in the learning methods and teaching techniques employed but also in the way content is structured. Only in this way can the teacher ascertain that his/her students’ requirements are met and, consequently, student learning facilitated. However, teachers’ creativity should not mean haphazard choice of methods and techniques. Teaching is both an art and a science. The limitless nature of creativity should be used judiciously and made to bear fruit through the application of knowledge of educational psychology and instructional design. By using Adaptive Religious Education, the teacher may be guided to use different techniques in a methodical manner in order to ensure and enhance student learning. In particular, the systematic use of different symbol systems can help teachers to improve student learning. The paper will put forward a number of principles and practical suggestions that may guide teachers in planning R.E. lessons.
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    Ausrichtung der Forschungen der akademischen Mitarbeiter an der Theologischen Fakultät, Sektion Tarnów
    Stala, Józef (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    The 21st century brings new challenges for the society and every human being. Although today’s Europe is in the process of strengthening and enlarging its economic and political union, it seems to suffer from a profound crisis of values. Therefore, it is very important to have a proper perception and understanding of contemporary challenges for education and pedagogy. This might results in going through the effective learning processes, which enable a human being to function properly in his/her private and professional life. For all these reasons, the author of this article shows various aspects of scientific and didactic activities undertaken by the academic staff of the Faculty of Theology, Section in Tarnów, which is an integral part of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow. A short historical sketch of establishment of the Faculty of Theology, Section in Tarnów enable to embed the academic work of this Faculty in specific realities and conditions.
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    Catechesis Inside Out A Hermeneutical Model for Catechesis in Parishes
    Dillen, Annemie; Didier, Pollefeyt (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    Parochial catechesis in Belgium, especially in Flanders as the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, is confronted with a lot of challenges. This text deals with three main thematic clusters. The first cluster centres on the relation between ‘Christianity’ and ‘culture’ and its consequences for the content and the method of the catechesis. In a context where Christianity and culture are no longer intrinsically linked to each other, new models of catechesis have to be found. The authors propose a ‘hermeneutical model of catechesis’, whereby many elements of the surrounding culture and of the faith tradition(s) are confronted with each other in a multidimensional way, challenging each other. In this vision, religious truth is not a set of dogmas that should be transmitted, but an open and ‘utopian’ search process that asks for new questions time and again. From a didactical as well as from a theological perspective this hermeneutical model offers new opportunities for catechesis. The second cluster can be summarized as ‘life-long’ and ‘life-wide’ learning. The authors argue that is it necessary to create vertical (intergenerational) and horizontal (among a generation or a specific group) networks dealing with religious communication. Thereby they propose a specific church organisation with lots of possibilities for cooperation between different parochial groups. The title of the article, catechesis inside out, refers to the vision that religious communication is not only a task inside church communities. The authors argue for open church communities daring to speak with people that hold to different world views. The second thematic cluster also deals with the organisation of the catechesis and more specifically with the question of the target group or the age of those who are catechised. In a third movement the article deals with questions about finding ‘good’ catechists. At the end of the text the authors offer a summarizing reflection on the artwork ‘Daughters of Eve’, which contains the main arguments they have dealt with.
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    L’attualit della dottrina cristologica di Calcedonia
    Królikowski, Janusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    The Christological doctrine defined during the Chalcedon Council (451) was the point of reference to consolidate the Christian doctrine in the fifth century. It also became the foundation of the evangelizing mission led by the Church in the following centuries. In the context of the new challenges and interpretation a question, whether the Chalcedon doctrine needs to be reinterpreted, arises. This article tries to show the relevance of the Christological dogma which was defined by the Chalcedon Council. The attention is paid to this dogma rooted in the Church Tradition and also to its soteriological and anthropological meaning. The soteriological perspective, which was given the utmost importance during the Chalcedon Council and similarly during other councils held in the first millennium, proves the doctrinal relevance of the dogma and furthermore makes it more meaningful. From the hermeneutic point of view this article presents the need of referring to the principle of theological apophatism in order to interpret the dogma correctly.
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    L’educare e il credere tra vecchie e nuove utopie
    Pajer, Flavio (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    The article focuses three problematic knots. The first one underlines how the modern utopias are not dead, but they have strikingly moved: the modern ideal of freedom, for example, changed into the post-modern ideal of security; the monism of values shared in common turned into a pluralism of personal, discontinuous and fragmented choices. The second knot identifies education itself as an evolving utopia: from the post colonial dream of education for all to the present priority to educate ex novo the social links in a globalised world; from the society of knowledge (instrumental good) to a pluralistic society of living together (structural good). The third knot calls to mind the classical eschatological hendiadys of the “already and not yet” that the theology of Christian Hope propose once more as the paradigm of the human living. In the ‒ political and at same time mystic ‒ dynamic of the historical present, dissuading in this way the believers from looking for the salvation in easy and utopian projections beyond this world.
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    Die Person und die Herausforderungen der Gegenwart im Licht der Nachfolge und der Lehre des Heiligen Vaters Johannes Pauls II. „The Person and the Challenges“ – ein internationales wissenschaftliches Periodikum
    Stala, Józef (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    The teachings of Holy Father John Paul II constantly remind us of the importance of human dignity. The anthropological focus of John Paul II is an essential element of his thoughts. The human being in the image of God, has a unique, inherent value. It was always God’s plan that men, despite being creatures, would freely participate in God’s inner life – in Love. The dignity and value of humanity is established in creation, but is fully realised and expressed in the redemption of Jesus Christ. Therefore, the author of this article presents the person who faces modern challenges, but in the light of the ministry and teaching of Pope John Paul II. This is a direct introduction to the new international scientific journal “The Person and the Challenges: The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II”. This journal is being published at the Theology Faculty, Section in Tarnów of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow since 2011 – the year of the beatification of the Holy Father John Paul II, which also implies and guarantees, that it will become a platform for exchanging ideas, evaluations, reports and studies on the person and contemporary challenges in the light or having regard to the teaching of John Paul II.
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    Pope John Paul II’s Significant Gestures for Interreligious Dialogue An Attempt of Interpretation
    Michalik, Andrzej (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    One of the important tasks of pope John Paul II pontificate was interreligious dialogue. Twenty-seven years lasting pontificate, was full in that matter of extremely important words and many still important spectacular gestures. The article reminds those more and those less known pope’s gestures, and it is an attempt of interpretation. The brave gestures of the Pope speak stronger than words, are better remembered and are a constant inspiration to those, who take up the task of interreligious dialogue.
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    Religiosität als erwünschte Anregung in der Hermeneutik
    Vodičar, Janez (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    Paul Ricoeur insists on some kind of philosophical agnosticism although in everyday practice he is consciously bound to Christianity. That said, his poetical approach in Biblical hermeneutics when he confronts his position with his no believing contemporaries, very clearly shows that religious dimension of man, especially in its openness to new meanings, makes the understanding more prolific. This opens the way for new attempts of repeated search for human need for religious dimension also at Luc Ferry and Gianni Vattimo. It is not necessary that there is a very certain form of religiosity; the important thing is openness for these questions. In this way we liberate the science, to seriously confront with religious dimension of man. This is especially important in a globalized world where religiosity on one hand can be a cause for the clash of civilizations and on the other it can be a possibility of a common search for a world ethos.
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    Rituals’ Narrative Logics
    Lombaerts, Herman (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    This article focuses on a double identity of rituals: the origin and main structure of rituals is narrative, and they represent a particular logic which aims at establishing a different quality of life. The narrative structure coincides with a typical characteristic of the human mind: the commemoration of striking dramatic or liberating events. Hence the ongoing concern to remember; the anamnesis intends to prevent that what among people never should be forgotten remains present in the individual and collective memory. Rituals are the most powerful means to keep memory alive. The coincidence of the faithfulness to a living tradition and the authentic commitment to present human concerns guarantees that the ritual anamnesis introduces qualitative change among the people involved.
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    Seliger Johannes Paul II. Sohn Polens und Vater des Vereinigten Europas
    Biel, Robert (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    Pope John Pauls II is the most famous person in Polish history. He has been acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. It is widely accepted that he was important in ending communism in Poland and eventually all of Europe. He also helped Poland to enter European Union. After his death the Church in Poland feels like an orphan, but sees chances in the heritage, which John Paul II left for the Church in his own Homeland.
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    Spécificité pastorale de la personnalité de Jean-Paul II selon Jean-Marie Lustiger
    Biernat, Ryszard (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    Jean-Marie Lustiger admired John Paul II and he was devoted to him. They both had similar origin. The Cardinal of Paris often accompanied the pope in his pastoral visits. He perceived John Paul II as the man of Providence. He was convinced that God had prepared him to this role. Jean-Marie Lustiger emphasized the attitudes of John Paul II that attracted the attention and admiration of observers. For instance: pray, holiness, attentive pastor and good relation with young people. Jean-Marie Lustiger as an attentive observer also focused his attention on the pastoral methods of John Paul II. In his utterances he often perceived the following methods: each person was important, defense of person’s dignity, the ability to speak with each man, modern language, importance of the pastoral visits and sui generis spiritual pedagogic. Jean-Marie Lustiger noticed radical change of perspective in preaching and in pastoral action of John Paul II. According to him the pope perceived the challenges of the modern times, evaluated needs of the humanity and gave the appropriate answers. For these he did not choose politics, sociology or even anthropology as a refl ection but addressed to the hurt human who was redeem by Jesus Christ.
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    To Educate in a Diversified Europe
    Osewska, Elżbieta (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    One of the main tasks of the EU is to create a European identity. This is a complex matter because of some lasting consequences of many divisions, conflicts and wars of the past. There are many national boundaries and various ethnic and cultural identities, regional interests. This paper refers to a whole range of aspects, which may be identified as crucial for education in a diversified Europe. After presenting the divisions and emerging changes occurring in Europe, the author of this article examines varies parameters / challenges related to the shift in interaction between the levels of society. This dynamic shift introduces a different kind of diversity / plurality and new challenges for education. The fundamental and historical differences can not be easily eliminated; they may deserve to be deepened and analysed. The diversity is a constructive dimension for education in Europe.
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    La Unción de los enfermos – sacramento de alivio y salvación según el c. 998 del Código de Juan Pablo II
    Kantor, Robert (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)
    The Code of Canon Law of John Paul II sets forth in can. 998 as follows: “The anointing of the sick, by which the Church commends to the suffering and glorified Lord the faithful who are dangerously ill, so that he may support and save them, is conferred by anointing them with oil and pronouncing the words prescribed in the liturgical books”. Through this sacramental entrusting of a sick person, the Church shows redemptive action taken by the Christ himself, who shall support the sick person with the power of God’s grace in suffering, impatience, fear, and above all in physical and spiritual weakness as well as in experienced doubts and weakening in faith. A family and persons ministering the sick (priests, hospital chaplains) should earlier take care of proper instructing about the nature of anointing of the sick and adequate preparation of the sick to receive this grace from the healing Christ. This may take place through conversation, catechesis, supporting with words of faith and common prayer, arousing a wish to receive the Christ in the mystery of anointing. This article consists of seven points: 1. The letter from James as the starting point of the discussion; 2. Several historical facts; 3. Catechism of the Catholic Church concerning the sacrament of the anointing of the sick; 4. Sacramental grace; 5. Who should and can receive the sacrament of the anointing; 6. People responsible for the better reception of the sacrament by the sick; 7. Conclusion.
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    Velasio De Paulis, La vida consagrada en la Iglesia. Madrid 2011, p. I-XL; pp. 531, ISBN 978-84-220-1508-6
    Kantor, Robert (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2011)