Seminare, 2012, Tom 31

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    Das Religiöse als unentbehrlicher Bestandteil des japanischen Bildungskonzepts: Wandel und Kontinuität
    Ito, Toshiko (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    In Japan, religion is still a current subject of educational discourse. This article presents a picture of the evolution of this discourse over the last two centuries. First, the article reconstructs transformations which have taken place in the relationship between education and religion in Japan, with particular emphasis on the period of Japanese educational reform. Then, on the basis of two items of school learning ‒ lessons on morality and ethics ‒ the current controversy is presented with regard to the relation between education and religion. In the first of these analyses, the question is primarily about how public schools deal with religion, and specifically with religious feeling. In the second, the author considers how these same schools transmit knowledge on topics related to different religions. Finally, the article discusses moments of continuity and change which appear with regard to the role to be attributed to religion in Japanese education.
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    Kontrowersje wokół męczeństwa w starożytnym Kościele ‒ stanowisko Tertuliana
    Kubiszewska, Elżbieta (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    In his works, Tertullian referred to controversial issues which happened during persecution of the first believers of Christ. Christianity required from its followers even martyrdom, for which they received a priceless prize: eternal life. Martyrdom was not ordered, but was a free choice and sprang from the willpower of God. Carthaginian firmly objected to escaping from persecution. From the author’s analysis of his texts, it can be seen that Carthaginian’s view on this subject changed. In the period when he was a follower of the Catholic faith, he supported escape, but converting to Montanizm disregarded it because given that persecution originated from God, it could not be anything bad. In particular, he condemned clergymen who shirked martyrdom as it was they who should be a model for the faithful and a support in heavy moments of doubt. Carthaginian was a rigorous opponent of buying himself out of martyrdom. According to Tertullian, since Jesus laid down his life for all people, there was no price which could equal this act and redeem the man back from martyrdom. Such a way of avoiding persecution was unworthy of a faithful follower of Christ.
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    Natura przywilejów osobowych i rzeczowych (kan. 78 §§ 1-3 KPK)
    Dzierżoń, Ginter (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    This article focuses upon the nature of personal and property privileges. As the author’s analysis shows, the legislature responded to the question of the nature of privileges in can. 78 §§ 1-3 CIC. The legal definition of privilege codified in can. 76 1 CIC concluded, among other things, that privilege is determined by the decision of a competent authority. As a rule, this act is permanent. It should be noted, however, that can. 76 1 allowed for the presumption of evidence to the contrary. This means that the permanence of a decision of this type is of a conditional nature. In other words, it is not an essential element of this institution. Can. 78 §§ 2-3 CIC, on the other hand, codifies the dispositions concerning the cessation of two principle categories of privileges, i.e. personal and property privileges. The cessation of both types of privileges is of a natural character. A personal privilege granted to an individual is extinguished with the person’s death and is not inherited by the heirs whereas a privilege concerning a legal person ceases when the conditions codified in can. 120 § 1 CIC are met. Finally, a property privilege becomes extinguished through the complete destruction of the thing or place. Still, in the case of a local privilege, the legislature, relying on legal fiction, allows for the revival of a privilege if the damaged site is restored within fifty years. In conclusion, the author points out that normative findings regarding the nature of personal and real privileges codified in can. 78 § 1-3 CIC arise from positive law. The legislature establishing them often bases it on the mechanism of legal fiction.
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    O adekwatności lub nie pojęcia prawa w prawie Bożym
    Gałkowski, Tomasz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    The author discusses the adequacy of the concept of law in relation to divine law. He comes to the conclusion that statements regarding inadequacy are based on a conceptual approach to the law operating in today’s culture. Members of particular communities, including a church community, determine what is law in the relevant law culture. Comparative methods do not offer satisfactory solutions.
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    Odnowa męskich instytutów życia konsekrowanego i stowarzyszeń życia apostolskiego w Szwecji
    Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    Swedish Catholicism, with all its rich historical and social structure, also includes the influence of male religious orders on the spirituality, religiosity and everyday life of Christians in Sweden. These communities could not continue their activities after the Refonnation. They returned, however, and came to life slowly and gradually, simultaneously with the advancing religious tolerance. As of today, many orders in the Catholic Church are committed to social and pastoral challenges on Swedish soil, both in the Catholic communities and in broader social circles. Their extensive past is closely bound with the difficult past of Catholicism in Sweden and the contemporary issues of postmodern society.
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    Problem z XIX-wiecznym modelem etyki pracy
    Janiszewski, Jacek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    In order to obtain something which makes a person happy, he or she must perfonn an action which is ‒ in the opinion of others ‒ valuable and worthy of compensation. From the previous sentence, we can deduce a simple truth: that nothing is for free, rather, each thing has its price. Or, in other words, sometimes you have to be a giver in order to be given something later. Work is a noble act, although many people may become indignant about this statement. By working, we multiply things we already have or we get new things. Activity which makes us richer is attributable to human nature, and inactivity or a satisfaction with things we already have is in contradiction to this nature. Taking into account work ethic, we can consider as moral only such an activity by an individual which has won recognition in somebody else’s eyes, the highest manifestation of which is remuneration. Nowhere else except on the grounds of work ethic do we encounter a dissatisfaction of some people with the actions of others, e.g. with the behavior of an employer who evades the obligation to pay for work completed. Since becoming a part of social discussion, work ethic has served politicians, as well as philosophers and clerics, in fighting reluctance to this organization of everyday life, which is governed by the clock and operating hours of a factory. This aversion was based on an aspiration to satisfy one’s own needs, and nothing more. A 19th-century laborer, having been given a remuneration which enabled him or her to live a poor existence ‒ poor but existence, did not see a reason why he or she should work more. After all, outside of work there were so many interesting things to do, that it was not worth it to waste time money-grubbing.
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    Reakcja Kościoła na nadużycia seksualne wobec nieletnich ze strony duchownych
    Domaszk, Arkadiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    Media hype about the sexual abuse of minors by clerics gives the impression that the Church did not react to the problem. This loud and aggressive action by the mass media paints an inaccurate picture of the Church’s response. This article provides an overview of various papal speeches and documents, as well as the Roman Curia’s commitment, especially that of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which reveals a very active and multifaceted response by the Church to the problem. In regards to this issue, it is necessary to emphasise the important influence of Pope Benedict XVI. Since he was a prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith, he endeavoured to conform to the rules of penal canon law in a consistent and explicit way. In addition to developing universal law, a particular law came into being. It constitutes a supplement to the general legislation and demands recognition from the side of The Holy See. In each situation concerning the offences committed by clergy, it is essential to face the problem and to show compassion and help to the victims and to explain the whole truth about what really happened. If a clergyman is guilty of a crime, then, in the name of love and truth, it is necessary to apply canonical penalties. An important part of the solution is also consistent application of the rules of fonnation: a proper recognition of vocation and human fonnation in the emotional and sexual space. Finally, clergymen have to interpret the universal call to holiness more intensively. The crisis which touched the Church is also an opportunity for thorough purification of the Church and a renewed commitment to apostolic holiness. Through preaching truth about God and man, and at the same time establishing requirements for the faithful, especially for the clergymen, the Church leads people to holiness and salvation.
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    Rozmowa psychologiczna i testy psychologiczne jako metody tworzenia opinii biegłego sądowego w sprawach o nieważność małżeństwa
    Gołębiowska, Anna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    In the ecclesiastical courts, classical methods, such as psychological tests and interviews, are used as they are considered the most valuable psychological measures. The testing methods and questionnaires are of great importance to the legal expert as well. However, they do not always constitute a key addition to other psychological research. The investigational techniques mentioned above merely help the legal expert to resolve his doubts. The fact that those methods are implemented does not raise the value of the final motion, even though it is important that the techniques used by the expert touch upon not only the present mental state of the person being tested but also the past.
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    Rozumnie wierzyć ‒ rozumnie poznawać. Uniwersytet miejscem dialogu między nauką i wiarą
    Chrobak, Stanisław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    For centuries, the search for truth has been one of the most important tasks for universities and academia. Truth has been the foundation of these institutions. Knowing the truth is a unique spiritual joy (gaudium veritatis). The role of the university in the modern world is not only to observe events and comment upon them, but also to search for truth and serve humanity. The service of truth and humanity requires crossing the borders of individual disciplines. The dialogue between science and faith can grow creatively in such a way as to overcome the restrictions imposed and open up to the full potential of the combination. Thus faith by its nature requires that its object be understood with the aid of reason, and reason seeking the full truth opens up to what faith can present. Faith enters into human life and knowledge not in order to abolish reason’s autonomy, nor to limit its scope for action. Faith cannot therefore lead to some form of depreciation of reason. These two realities ‒ faith and reason ‒ intertwine and complement each other, while each has its own space in which it becomes real.
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    Rozwiązanie małżeństwa „rato et non consummato” poprzez uroczystą profesję zakonną ‒ studium kanoniczno-historyczne
    Nowakowski, Bartosz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    This article describes the establishment of the dissolution of marriage rato et non consummato through solemn monastic profession covered by legislation in Canon 1119 of the Code of Canon Law from 1917. The article addresses four essential legal issues related to the following areas: 1) ratio legis of the functioning of the norm in question; 2) its legal origin; 3) constitutive conditions of the dissolution of marriage through monastic profession and, in particular, the necessity of baptism of at least one party, and the conditions of solemn monastic profession in regards to its validity; and 4) the precode (CIC 1983) understanding of the marriage act influencing the effect of marriage consummation. The article attempts to elucidate the argument on which this institution was introduced by the legislation as well as the reasons for its abolition by the current CIC.
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    Sprawozdanie z działalności Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Krakowie w roku seminaryjnym 2010/2011
    Krawczyk, Wojciech (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
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    Sprawozdanie z działalności Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Lądzie nad Wartą w roku seminaryjnym 2010/2011
    Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
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    Symbolika krzyża u Ignacego Antiocheńskiego i Polikarpa ze Smyrny
    Jasiewicz, Arkadiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    St. Ignatius and St. Polycarp are the most famous names associated with the early church. The mystery of the cross is at the center of the soteriology of St. Ignatius who, drawing inspiration from St. Paul, presents the cross using symbolic images (machinery, trees, the victim) always in response to the negation of Christ’s Passion by the Docetists. In Ignatius’s letters, the Cross is incorporated in a developed metaphor. The deeper meaning o f this metaphor is the Cross as an instrument of Redemption. For him, the Cross is the synthesis of Salvation. The Cross is considered the tree of Life with its branches and fruits. Like Ignatius, Polycarp stresses the reality of Christ’s incarnation and passion and recommends prayer even for enemies of the Cross.
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    Z historii badań nad rodzicami dzieci z niepełnosprawnością
    Kaniok, Przemysław Eugeniusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    This article discusses selected scientific theories regarding the adaptation of parents of children with disabilities to crisis situations. Most of the cited theories originate from the ABCX Model invented by Reuben Hill in 1949. One of the article’s conclusions is that there is no universal theory which fully explains the process of parents’ adaptation to having a child with a disability. Moreover, the author recommends that future research focus on variables which mediate and moderate the association between a child’s disability and his or her parents’ adjustment and adaptation to crisis.
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    Z rozważań Seneki o Bogu
    Budzanowska, Dominika (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    Lucius Annaeus Seneca, called the Younger or Philosopher, is the most important figure of the Roman Imperial Period. This Stoic philosopher made a lasting contribution to Stoicism. Seneca lived during difficult times and was engaged in politics during the reign of his pupil, Cesar Nero. Seneca agreed with earlier Stoics that God is corporeal and is a part of the world. Seneca discussed virtue as the ideal of “becoming like God” and thought that the virtuous man is an equal to God. Therefore, he claimed that we have to learn virtues. However, in this case, we have the help of God, who gives us an intellect when we are born. Seneca reminds us that life is not easy and only the indications of philosophy concerning virtue preserve us from unjust fortune.
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    Znaczenie i rozwój psychologii nadziei w ujęciu Charlesa Richarda Snydera
    Kwiatek, Piotr (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    What is hope, does it belong to any cognitive structure of the mind or rather is it a kind of human feeling? The aim of this paper is to describe the theory of hope according to C.R. Snyder (1944-2006). This contemporary point of view has provided a lot of inspiration for many studies in a variety of different fields. Undoubtedly, the reality of hope has a significant impact on educational performance, health, stress management and adaptive skills. It is not only a life-line in times of emergency or strife, when humans have to cross some difficulties in life, but also the daily force to live in the present. According to Snyder, hope is a three- dimensional construct of the integrated cognitive process (willpower, waypower and goal direction). The applicability and power of this construct lies in its potential to change the general level of hope in individual lives and social groups, not just in the future, but in the present.
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    Życie codzienne mnicha cenobity w Egipcie na podstawie „Reguły” św. Pachomiusza
    Dziewulski, Jakub (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2012)
    The article presents the everyday life of a cenobite monk beginning with a description of the ancient monastery itself and the buildings within it, such as the living quarters called “houses”. In the monastery, there were also everyday rooms such as “the chamber of the sick” and “the place of prayer” where monks prayed and weaved baskets. Pachomius also included buildings such as workshops, store-rooms and many kinds of storehouses. In the second part of the article, the author discusses the various roles that monks could take in the monastery. For example, the superior of the monastery possessed almost absolute authority, followed by his “second,” who was his substitute. Each house individually had its own superior and his “second.” In Pachomius’ monastery, one could find a minister who was responsible for work-related issues, as well as a gate keeper and workers such as gardeners, cooks, bakers and raftsmen. The final part of the article addresses the prayer life of the monastery, e.g. the nature and timing of prayers, as well as the work performed by monks outside of the monastery in the fields. Monks’ free time consisted of sleeping and meals. Since Pachomius was a soldier, he put into his “Rule” many precepts about discipline and obedience to superiors, which benefitted his monks as well as later monastic life.