Teologia w Polsce, 2018, Tom 12, Nr 2

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Teologia 2.0. Konstytucja dla nauki wiary (kilka uwag)
Szymik, Jerzy (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
Civilizational, ideological context of postmodern West forces theology to confirm its identity, tasks and place in the scientific and academic world. Among many opinions and positions, particular authority is vested in the International Theological Commission and proposals presented by the last popes – John Paul II and Benedict XVI – for whom an encounter in the space of the Church of the cognitive capabilities of faith resulting from grace with the truth-oriented mind bears the fruit in the form of theology: an effort of searching for and finding God who manifests Himself as the Saviour. Such theology requires courage, since it contests liberal and atheistic concept of the autonomous mind and the corresponding model of technocratic university. Persisting – often in spite of ostracism – at the European university and drawing on from its latest experiences, theology remains a guarantee of its objectivity, a holistic vision of reality, rationality serving good and wisdom.
Nieinterwencjonistyczna teoria działania Boga. Analiza, diagnoza i korekta modelu
Strumiłowski, Jan. P. (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The interaction between theology and science not only stimulates the former to justify its thesis as harmonious with the scientific view of the world, but also motivates it to search new models that would interpret exhaustively its statements in accordance with scientific discoveries and to outline the scope of its further development in the area of coherency between theology and science. The noninterventionist theory of God’s action constitutes one of the most interesting model of such an approach. However, this model being profoundly analysed, despite its large possibility to synthetize the theological view with the scientific one, may cause some doubts. It is so since this model seems to reduce subtly and decompose internally the God’s action while searching its coherency with the world’s action. This article attempts to diagnose that potential risk as well as to propose some modifications and enlargements of the model in order to make it more harmonious with traditional views of God’s action, but without damage on its innovative capacities.
Das Gebet Jesu in der Lehre vom Papst Benedikt XVI
Sosnowski, Aleksander (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The reflection of Benedict XVI about Jesus’ prayer constitutes a significant element of the Pope’s teachings. All four Evangelists, especially Saint Luke, give us a testimony of Jesus’ prayer. It is undoubtedly one of the most important characteristics of Jesus in the New Testament: it characterizes Jesus from his childhood up until his last words on the cross. Analyzing the Bible’s testimony Benedict XVI underlines that Jesus’ prayer, and his dialogue with his Father constitute the essence of him himself and his mission. The most important works of Jesus originate from it, and Jesus’ prayer in the garden of Gethsemane and “yes” said to the Father precede His passion, death and resurrection. Prayer is a privileged place for Christology, in it and thanks to it, we can recognize Jesus as the true Messiah, the Son of God as the disciples did. Therefore, prayer is undoubtedly the key to Christology of Joseph Ratzinger, Benedict XVI and the key to Christology in general.
Duch Święty w sakramencie Eucharystii
Samiec, Łukasz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The Holy Spirit in the Eucharist identifies man with Christ, and thus transforms into the sons of God and incorporates into his Body the Church. By the Holy Spirit, the Eucharist accepts the “body” of the Church. The Holy Spirit identifies the believer with the Son, transforming them into “sons in the Son.” So Christian life is nothing more than to live as God’s children, sharing in His love. In this way the whole power of the Paschal Mystery is applied in man and he is passed from death to life. The same Spirit, who “anointed” the Everlasting Word with humanity and imprinted human nature in him, is also imprinted in human hearts as a living seal to animate man with divine nature. The Holy Spirit makes a man Christlikeness in the Christ-Eucharist.
„Analogia entis” Ericha Przywary jako model myślenia katolickiego w postmodernistycznej rzeczywistości
Raczyński-Rożek, Maciej (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The contemporary Catholic is living in the broadly understood postmodern culture, which in its assumptions cannot be reconciled with Catholic thinking, above all, because of the negation of objective truth. Therefore, he must take care of his vision of reality alone. Erich Przywara presents a worldview that can be a response to this demand. On the one hand, because it is deeply rooted in the Catholic tradition, on the other hand, it is, in the same time, open to culture. Taking into account the historicity of the subject and the object, the Przywara’s analogia entis does not close in some static system, but is a dynamic approach that allows entering into a dialogue or polemic with hot current issues.
Rola Pisma Świętego w średniowiecznej teologii
Roszak, Piotr (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The article presents the relations of the Bible and theology in the Middle Ages, especially in the context of the exegetical achievements of the School of St. Viktor and Saint Thomas Aquinas. Understanding the interpretation techniques of the Holy Scriptures, the role of analysis and synthesis, text divisions, paraphrases or intrabiblical quotes demonstrate the role of theology in its relationship to the Scriptures: it helps to bring out and build a coherent exposition of faith, contributing to a deeper understanding of the truth. At the same time, the Scripture is a source for medieval theology, being organically connected with it.
Hermeneutyka teologiczna objawień gietrzwałdzkich
Rabczyński, Paweł (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
In 1877 Marian apparitions took place in Gietrzwałd in Warmia and were recognised by the Church one hundred years later. The message Mary conveyed to the girls she appeared to could be summarised in three statements: “I am the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception; I wish you recite the rosary everyday; Do not despair for I will always be with you”. The Gietrzwałd apparitions belong to the so-called private revelations. They should be studied and interpreted within the history of salvation as particular signs of the presence and actions of God throughout the ages. The Marian apparitions in Gietrzwałd pointed to a supernatural, divine reality which finds fulfilment in Jesus Christ, who is now present in His Church. They led their recipients towards the public revelation, awakened and strengthened the faith of God’s people. The apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Gietrzwałd lead to the realisation of the necessity for the continuous interpretation of the public revelation and deepening its understanding at a specific point in time. Owing to these apparitions, some of the truths of faith which would be difficult to understand, such as the Immaculate Conception, became better explained, popularised and easier to comprehend. The message of the apparitions in Gietrzwałd reminded of the evangelical call to convert, repent and pray as well as confirmed the faithful in their belief of the constant presence of God in history but also each man’s life. They therefore constitute an important impulse towards Christian renewal and the return to evangelical zeal and sanctity.
„Sumienie eklezjalne” w blasku prawdy, dobra i zbawienia
Parzych-Blakiewicz, Katarzyna; Kopiec, Maksym Adam (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The article presents the issue of ecclesial conscience as a personal space in which a believer man evaluates his own ecclesiological activity. The formation of the faithful conscience in an ecclesial format is in line with theandric and at the same time missionary nature of the Church. The issue is shown based on three papal documents: Veritatis splendor, Caritas in veritate, Lumen fidei. These sources explain the relationship between absolute Truth, Goodness and Love as transcendentals conditioning the individual process of human salvation.
Tradycja jako zasada katolickiej teologii
Müller, Gerhard Ludwig (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The biblical revelation, as well as all Christianity, has strictly historical character. Therefore, theology should remain historical as well. Apart from the fact that it teaches some timeless truths, theology, on the first place, proclaims the message about God reveling himself in the history. This message itself is historical and it is communicated from generation to generation in dynamic process called Tradition. Therefore, Tradition is not an external norm but it is rather a fundamental rule for every theologian – the rule without which we cannot speak of Catholic theology at all. This role of Tradition should be emphasized especially nowadays when we experience a “cult of contemporaneity” and when we see a trend in the Church to treat unofficial sayings of Pope and other members of the hierarchy as normative and supposedly standing above Tradition.
Kreuz und Trinität oder der wahre Dornbusch
Menke, Karl-Heinz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
In German theology, even in the context of the cross and the resurrection, sin is barely talked about. By referring to the unconditional forgiveness of God, the Christ event is explained as the revelation of unconditional love. Incarnation and the cross are not seen as essential for defeating sin, but are rather regarded as a revelation of God’s solidarity the people. This view is countered by Menke’s thesis that in the New Testament hardly anything is so clearly attested as that Jesus was crucified „because of our sins” (1 Cor. 15,3). Menke explains sin as the only reality which man himself can create out of nothing; as the reality which God does not want on any account and yet cannot prevent, because he does not revoke the free will he granted man. What can be understood as failure of self-causality of creation on the ‘pre-conscious’ levels of evolution is recognized as sin on the level of human beings who are endowed with consciousness and free will. God is not indifferent to sin, as the writings of the Old Testament testify. But if he wishes to perpetuate the sinner’s free will he can only encounter the consequences of perverted freedom where there is sin: within the boundaries of time and space. Only because of the fact that Jesus is hypostatically united to God the Son as second person of the Trinity, he can convey God himself even to where there is the opposite of communion with God: namely sin. The Old Testament compares the ‘place’ which is the negation of God, i.e. sin, with a prison (‘Sheol’) into which the sinner has locked himself. The Easter event means that with Jesus, God himself reaches out to where the opposite of trinitarian love is, i.e. Sheol. In their confession of faith Christians have confessed that God „descended into hell”. Since then ‘Sheol’ no longer exists. Since then, sin no longer has the power to separate the sinner from God – unless the sinner willfully rejects the Redeemer’s hand, which reaches out to the sinner even in the most hopeless situation. Therefore, Hans Urs von Balthasar distinguishes between the ‘Sheol’, which at Easter was defeated once and for all and the many hells of each individual, who reject the hand of Christ offered to them for reconciliation. Nevertheless can this rejection be revoked at any time by the sinner’s free decision to grasp God’s hand and thus reconcile with the Redeemer.
Termin „substancja” w trynitologii
Lipniak, Jarosław M. (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
This article deals with the understanding of the term substance in trinitology. The issues connected with the substance of God and each of the Persons will be dealt with in other articles. In every religion the substance of God possesses personality. In Christianity it is threesome personality. For this very reason the term “substance” obtains a new meaning. In the history of Christian theology, the notion concerning the connection of one substance of God with three different Persons was developed. The orthodox mainstream, while emphasizing their autonomy also stressed the distinctness of creatures from their Creator. The thought trend which nullified the differences between the Persons was also inclined to blur the difference between the substance of God and the substance of the world. In theological thought as a whole, it is important to understand the general term “substance” in the context of the wholeness of problems. This term, just like any other, has its own meaning, but it also bears other, different meanings depending on the context. In trinitology, the substance of God is both one and of threesome character.
Peter Kreeft, Forty Reasons I Am a Catholic, New Hampshire, Manchester 2018, ss. 133.
Zatwardnicki, Sławomir (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
Znaczenie i aktualność nauki prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego o podmiotowości narodu
Kowalczyk, Mirosław (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
According to Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński the nation is the highest form of societal life. It has its own internal identity and individuality which distinguish it from other nations co-existing alongside it. A properly defined identity, built upon the foundation of Christianity, precludes nationalism, since in a Christian nation international relations are conditioned with reference to the Holy Trinity. Polish contemporary society today needs clear points of reference; certainly Cardinal S. Wyszyński’s teaching can be one of them. Poland and, more broadly, Europe, need new impetus in regaining a full awareness of the necessity of bravely upholding fundamental values. The times through which the great Primate led the Church in Poland were difficult, but it was possible not only to defend the community of nation and Church in Poland, but this community also offered a wonderful testimony of faith and of a heroic stance, exemplified by the figures of St. John Paul II, Bl. Jerzy Popiełuszko, and many others. Today a new socio-political situation has arisen in Poland and in Europe. There is war in the east; in the western part of the continent an increasingly more formidable migration crisis has been ignited; everywhere there can be seen a spiritual, moral, crisis, an identity crisis. All of this is telling us that it is necessary to return to fundamental values, built on the basis of Christianity and ancient culture. It is these values which were the very core of the socio-anthropological thought of Cardinal Wyszyński, especially his teaching on Christian nationhood. The Primate emphasizes not only the significance and human dignity of the individual person, but also points to the collective, the community, as an organic society, forming a personal reality, indirectly created by God. In his preaching Cardinal Wyszyński created an original concept of the personhood of a society, which is subject to – just as is an individual person – all the laws of the salvation history process.
Duch Święty jako największy dar miłości miłosiernej Chrystusa
Kosche, Michał (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
This text deals with the pneumatological dimension of God’s mercy. Starting from the farewell speech of Christ, written by St. John the Evangelist, in which the Savior explains to the disciples that the Holy Spirit is the greatest Gift that He leaves to the Church, the author seeks to sketch a contribution to the pneumatological outlook of God’s mercy. The article begins with sketching the horizon of understanding of God’s mercy. Afterwards cognitive attention is directed towards capturing the relationship between Christ – the Incarnate Mercy of the Father – and the Holy Spirit as the Paraclete and the Person-love. The analysis crowns the horizontal dimension of mercy in which the Holy Spirit makes man experienced by the mercy of God capable of mercy toward others.
Jaką rolę odgrywa egzegeza w dogmatyce?
Körner, Bernhard (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
With the end of neoscholastic theology, there was a necessity of new definition of relation between dogmatics, which is now understood from the perspective of history of salvation, and exegesis which, among other methods, uses a historicocritical method. Fundamentals of that new understanding have been given by the constitution Dei Verbum of Vaticanum II. Reffering to this document, the article presents the thesis that the interpretation of the Holy Scripture by the Church through the ages, that is in the living Tradition, and historicocritical interpretation are two different approaches which, nevertheless, should not be contradicted. What is more, we can read the Bible and understand it not just as a historical text but as the Word of God for today, only when we take into account the mutual influence of these two approaches.
Temoigner de la foi dans la rencontre avec l’homme en crise. La pratique et les propositions de Jean-Guilhem Xerri, chretien engage dans ce monde
Kasprzak, Artur Antoni (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
Jean-Guilhem Xerri, a biologist, skilled and attentive to the holistic conception of man, has been noticed in the French Catholic milieu by his recent publication: À quoi sert un chrétien? The book provides an analysis of the state of man today and proposes to begin a pastoral program of the Christian faith credibility in the world today. The diagnosis of the technological, economic and ideological development of transhumanism reveals in the end multiple human sufferings. However, the negative observation of human is considered as an opportunity to the encounter and a testimony. Our reading advocates the practical vision of the testimony of the faith of this author, for it is the Christian of the land of this world, but it also indicates its limits. The proposed apostolate does not enter sufficiently into the analysis of the crisis in terms of the positive elements of the modern world evolution. Xerri does not sufficiently suggest how to articulate modern man aspirations of liberation and secularization with the proclamation of the Gospel as well as he does not really specifies the new issues of the ethical sense in politics that Christians have the right to express in their witness.
Pismo Święte czytane przez ojców
Kasprzak, Dariusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
The unification of the books of the Bible and the definition of the standard Constantine edition of the Holy Scripture set about 425 was historically coincident with the imperial policy of the introducing of religious homogeneity in the Roman Empire at the beginning of the fourth century. Moreover, due to the cultural continuity within the Roman Empire until the 5th century, it was possible the translation of “word for word”. The German-Iranian raids in the 5th century resulted in the disintegration of the ancient cultural community, and caused the necessity of the translations of “meaning in meaning”. The highest form of God’s revelation for the patristic authors was the incarnation of God. The Bible, as the revealed word of God, was understood as a privileged, free God’s phenomenon, through which God reveals the truth about himself and communicates with man. Consequently the Church Fathers interpreted the divine inspiration as the gift of God which was given to a biblical author. In this way an inspired writer was able to convey the divine revelation drown from the Holy Scriptures to a community of the faithful, which received as the word of God himself. In the opinion of the Church Fathers, the Christian theology was based on the contemplation of the Bible, which constituted the norm of the Christian faith. To the Patristic writers Jesus was a hermeneutic key to the Holy Scripture and it was him who leads the faithful to the cognition of the divine mystery and the human dignity. In their exegesis and theology the Christian Fathers showed us that the Person of Jesus, who ultimately revealed the Father to us should not be distinguished from testimony of the Christian kerygma and the Holy Scriptures. This affirmative attitude towards the Bible contributed to the formation of the biblical canon in the 7th century and also shaped the Trinitarian, spiritual and liturgical tradition of the Church. The Biblical interpretation of the church Fathers can be regarded as a more complete meaning of the NT, which expresses the sense intended by God, the first author of the Scripture in the dogmatic tradition of the Church, and which sense was not fully known to the human author of the Scriptures (e.g. the concept of the Holy Trinity, the intra-trinitarian relations and the doctrine of the original sin). Thus understood the reading of Scripture was for the patristic writers both the source of their faith and their theology.
César Izquierdo, Transmitir la fe en la cultura contemporánea. Tradición y magisterio a partir del Vaticano II [Przekazywać wiarę w kulturze współczesnej. Tradycja i magisterium od Soboru Watykańskiego II], Cristiandad, Madrid 2018, ss. 350.
Persidok, Andrzej (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
“Spirit and Power”: Modernity on Miracles, Biblical Studies, and the Leap of Faith
Giambrone, Anthony (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2018)
Nowoczesny sposób interpretacji Pisma Świętego, w tym zwłaszcza egzegeza historyczno-krytyczna, w wielu punktach musi zderzyć się z podejściem kościelno-dogmatycznym. Kwestią, która rodzi w tym spotkaniu szczególnie dużo wątpliwości, jest historyczność Jezusa, a zwłaszcza czynionych przez Niego cudów. Dla nowoczesnej mentalności cuda są czymś skrajnie obcym, toteż od kilkuset lat pojawiają się próby takiej interpretacji przekazu Ewangelii, która wykluczyłaby literalne przyjmowanie opisów wydarzeń cudownych. Również i dziś w egzegezie toczy się pewien spór pomiędzy tymi, którzy mocno tkwią w nowoczesnym, racjonalistycznym paradygmacie, a tymi, którzy starają się być zakorzenieni nade wszystko w tradycyjnej teologii. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że współczesna egzegeza z konieczności prowadzi do decyzji wiary. Tylko owa wiara może opowiedzieć się za prawdą Ewangelii, niezależnie od kwestii historycznego charakteru opisów cudów w tekstach biblijnych. Ostatecznie sprawa Jezusa i Jego cudów jest sprawą wiary, a nie samych badań historycznych.

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