Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne, 2013, T. 32, cz. 2
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Pozycja Analogia w służbie realizmu metafizyki i antropologiiKrzanowski, Jerzy (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)1. In this article we presented a metaphysical analysis of the analogy, presenting it as an essential condition for ontological and cognitive realism. 2. We use analogy every day, both in philosophy and in ordinary life, expressing ourselves, description of reality, etc. 3. The analogy is briefly saying “similarity of dissimilar”. 4. The analogy occurs in the ontological, cognitive and language aspect (predication), providing them with realism. The main aspect is the aspect of the ontic. 5. Apart from realistic analogy, there is also the analogy in poetry and language of mysticism, called a metaphor or parable. However, it is connected with subjective and experiential human world. 6. The analogy exists primarily as a way of cognition, which reveals ontological pluralism of the world. This cognition is a reflection of analogical being in terms of its constituent compositions and both intra-being (integrating parts, essence and existence, substance and accidents, matter and form, act and potency, etc.) and inter-beings relations. 7. The analogy of cognition is realized as: metaphorical analogy, analogy of attribution and the analogy of general and transcendental proportionality. 8. In the predication we have to deal with analogy of predicates and the analogy of the predicate rule. 9. The analogical inference is an extension of analogy of predication.Pozycja „Quod iustum est et aequum”. Scritti in onore del Cardinale Zenone Grocholewski per il cinquantesimo di sacerdozio, red. abp Marek Jędraszewki, ks. Jan Słowiński, Uniwersytet Poznański Wydział Teologiczny, Poznań 2013, ss. 614.Rozkrut, Tomasz (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Stanowisko Józefa Tischnera wobec tomizmuGabrysz, Radosław (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Famous article of Tischner “The Decline of Christianity Thomist”, published on pages of the monthly the “Znak” in 1970 evoked the wave of interesting polemics in the Polish philosophical environment. They concerned on one hand the role of the Thomism in contemporary theology, on the other the criticism of the position of Tischner. Very author responded to a challenge criticizing the Thomism as the synthesis of data of the Revelation and Aristotelian philosophy. Because this merger is seizing character of both above ingredients – compared to two colours mixt with oneself and in the end constituting the new colour. Thomistic synthesis, from Tischner’s perspective, came into existence in the crowning moment of the history of the Christianity in Europe. She agreed on contemporary models of the scientific nature, culture, forms of the statehood. However in our times dangerous of it is a result uniquely thomistic “becoming poor” not to say “perversion” Christianities. And so in our times would the new synthesis be desired? Through the division of the learning, took the place of universal syntheses different “microsystems”, and very idea of the synthesis turned out to be too ambiguous, and for her conditions are impossible to fulfil. Valuable however rapidly of Tischner there would be rather a hermeneutic proposal of Paul of Ricoeur indeed to concentrate on the text of the christian revelation without the thomistic dogmatism here. Hence also, however dusk of the Thomism is opening intriguing and the philosophical latest perspectives for the Christianity.Pozycja „Aby miały życie w obfitości”. Dlaczego chrzcimy dzieci?Noworolnik, Czesław (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)The Article presents the issues regarding the sacrament of baptism as a gateway of faith, the source of Christian life and pledge of eternal salvation. Starting from considerations contained in the Document of the International Theological Commission “The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die without Being Baptised” (2007), author is trying to take a look on the practice of baptism of children and some elements of Catholic baptismal theology. The text is touching also the problem of limbo from the point of view of contemporary Magisterium of the Church. After presenting in synthetic form biblical fundaments of the baptismal theology, and the practice of the Church regarding the baptism of children, the text introduces to the traditional doctrine of the Catholic Church regarding the necessity of baptism of children. The paper presents then the elements of the contemporary teaching of the Magisterium regarding the sacrament of baptism with the particular attention to the statements of the Second Vatican Council, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Instruction on Infant Baptism Pastoralis actio), The Code of Canon Law, The Catechism of the Catholic Church, and the teaching of Pope John Paul II and Benedict XVI. The texts of the Magisterium and the development of studies of contemporary theologians allow to look in a new perspective on the practice of the Church regarding baptism of children. Biblical, historical, and theological perspective of presentation of the problem leads to the conclusion that the question to be asked in relation to the baptism of children is not “whether or not baptize the children?” but “why should we baptize the children?”. The answer to that question is located in the dogma regarding salvation and in the dogma regarding sacraments as the tools necessary for salvation entrusted by Christ to the Church. The baptism is undoubtedly the sacrament of salvation. It is an instrument, which the Church has received from Jesus in order to transmit it to all the people. The task of the Church is to pass this salvation to all the people. Fulfilling Christ’s mandate, the Church from the beginnings, proclaimed the Good News and baptized. Minimalistic understanding of that command of Jesus based on the logic of order and duty led the scholastic theology to develop of the theory of limbo. The obligation to fulfil some minimum for salvation have lead to seek a solution of dilemma concerning the destiny of those who will not be able to fulfil the order directly, that is to be baptized of water, or indirectly (in voto), which refers to the baptism of desire and the baptism of blood. The scholastic theology has proposed some substitute of salvation that is the theory of limbo puerorum. Limbo would be the substitute of eternal happiness for those children, who would not have any possibility to fulfil the minimum established by commandment. From the perspective of the contemporary Magisterium, this minimalistic interpretation is insufficient. In order to understand the meaning of the sacrament of baptism we should change perspective. We must move our attention from the legal duties and conditions that the person must fulfilled in order to be baptized, and redirect it on God himself, on the One who is the source of the grace of baptism and all the spiritual gifts, all goods, which God gives to the man in this sacrament. In this perspective, baptism appears as the most precious gift of God by which Jesus Himself gives to the man the grace of faith and pledge of salvation. Baptism appears as an encounter in which God communicates with man, and endows him His love and life. The Sacrament of Baptism, especially the baptism of children, reminds a wonderful truth, which is gratuitousness of salvation. Baptism of children also proves that faith is a gift that initiates our way to the fullness of life. In this perspective, it would be difficult today to defend the theory of limbo. The Church practices to baptize the children not because of fear of the possibility of reduction and even deprivation of eternal beatitude of those who cannot fulfil some formal requirements to receive this sacrament. The practice of the infant baptism expresses the faith of the Church in the power of God’s love and His will to save every human being. God has an infinite number of possibilities to provide salvation to man even outside of the sacrament of baptism. The Church has just only such a tool, and that is why the Church baptizes the children. The faith is the gift. The salvation is the most precious gift of God. The Church therefore desires share this wonderful gift with all the children, that they may have God, and have life, and have it in abundance (cf. Jn 10:10).Pozycja Aktualne możliwości kształcenia polskich studentów za granicą w kontekście 25. rocznicy powołania programu „Erasmus”Stala, Józef (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)“Erasmus”, named after a Dutch humanist and theologian, Erasmus of Rotterdam, is the European Commission’s programme for Higher Education (students, teachers and institutions). It was introduced with the aim of increasing student mobility within the European Community, subsequently including the European Economic Area countries, Switzerland and the Candidate Countries. Erasmus has been one of the four sectoral programmes supported under the EU Lifelong Learning Programme until the end of 2013. The author of this article in relation to the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the “Erasmus” program describes the current educational opportunities of Polish students. Firstly, he presents the selected challenges and opportunities of cultural and educational uniting Europe. Then, the statistical outline of youth in Poland in the context of the European Union and the display of the educational offers within the framework of European programs is shown.Pozycja Znaczenie inspiracji religijnej w muzyceGarnczarski, Stanisław (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)The issue of religious inspiration in the music is complex and multifaceted, rooted in the vast area of faith (internal, deeply personal) and art. In the present study was undertaken reflection on two kinds of inspiration: biblical, liturgical or religious text in general and sacred music motives and precisely liturgical. First, a significant source of inspiration is own singing of the Catholic Church – Gregorian chant, which in the Middle Ages was the main stream of sacred music, and became a source of development of polyphony, as its cantus firmus. Culmination of the polyphony development was the work of P. Palestrina. From the religious inspiration drew the composers of all eras in the history of music. In the Baroque period developed next to a popular mass such forms as oratory, its particular variant – passion and cantata. Also the form of instrumental music, especially organ (J.S. Bach, J.F. Handel). In the classicism religious music formed mainly three Viennese classicists: J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart and L. van Beethoven. Composed by them religious music bears the features of instrumental music of the period, as well as signs of secular vocal and instrumental music. The composers of the Romantic period are fulfilled in the form of a classical type of cantata mass or a symphony mass. In Poland in the field of religious music marked S. Moniuszko. Nowadays, the example of the composer inspired by religious contents is Krakow composer J. Łuciuk, forming based on Gregorian chant, biblical and liturgical texts, inspired by the person and the pontificate of John Paul II and the Marian theme. He confirms this, saying, “Poetry and literature, as faith and prayer, are inextricably linked with what I write. Always important and inspiring was the reflection associated with the reading of Scripture, liturgical texts, lives of the saints and papal documents”.Pozycja Represje gestapo wobec alumnów seminarium w błoniu k. Tarnowa. ze wspomnień ks. prałata Adama Kaźmierczyka – świadka początków męczeńskiej drogi bł. ks. Romana SitkiGurba, Stanisław (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Father Adam Kaźmierczyk (1920-2004), as a student of the first year of the Seminary in Tarnów, was one of the people arrested on April 22, 1941 by the Nazis in Błonie near Tarnów. He was thus an eyewitness to the beginning of martyrdom of the rector, Fr. Roman Sitko – now blessed. This article has cited the memories of Fr. Adam concerning his seminary formation, which was interrupted for 100 days due to his arrest and imprisonment in Tarnów. These facts may partly be revealed in the previously published interviews of Fr. Kaźmierczyk, or known for a certain group of people from his oral tradition. Some events can be aligned with the memories of the witnesses of Fr. Roman Sitko’s arrest, available in the publications devoted to the Blessed Father. Any such information is valuable and sheds light on the issue of repression against the Church in Tarnów by the Nazis during World War II and the heroic attitude of the priests at the time. This article contains excerpts of the archival manuscript by Fr. Adam Kaźmierczyk, confirms the already known facts and is a new voice in the matter.Pozycja Teologia jako nauka poszukująca sensu, wolności i mądrościKrólikowski, Janusz (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Theology has always required to have its raison d’ệtre justified. This was particularly visible when universities began to emerge, the reflection on a scientific method was developed and new fields of study appeared. Even St Thomas Aquinas understood the need to legalize theology as a science. He was very scrupulous about it and paid attention to the methodological coherence. Since a man has been seeking salvation the necessity for science showing the way towards it evolved as well. Despite the different cultural circumstances and the modified concept of a science a question reappears. If a contemporary man is as sensitive as possible, the answer should be provided together with the challenges that our faith is to meet. This article proves that the validity of theology can be done within three existential areas that a human being is interested in. These include searching for meaning, freedom and wisdom. It is absolutely true that we need a science which will help us reach this goal. Notwithstanding theology is the best way to accomplish it.Pozycja „Trybunał miłosierdzia oraz łaski”: kiedy i w jaki sposób należy odnieść się do Penitencjarii Apostolskiej? (praktyczne wskazówki dla spowiednika oraz duszpasterza)Rozkrut, Tomasz (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)The Apostolic Penitentiary constitutes a relatively little-known dicastery of the Roman Curia, however, with a very rich and long history. From the rich and very distant history of the institution, also in the context of the Year of the Faith (2012-2013) announced by the Pope Benedict XVI, we should quote the fact that with the development of the penitential practices in the Church the necessity of taking the relevant measures in order to help the pilgrims who – coming to the Eternal City – tried to receive absolution of their sins as well as they tried to obtain exemption from the sanctions reserved only to the Pope’s disposal as well was perceived. The subject of the works of the Apostolic Penitentiary is settling the special issues (sui generis) that concern the forum internum, that is the matter of conscience and moral problems of particular worshippers (both the clergy as well as the lay faithful) that are at the foundation of the specific and frequently hard-to-solve problems of the human nature directed to the Penitentiary. The Apostolic Penitentiary, in general, settles everything that affects the matter of conscience. Therefore, apart from granting grace, remission of sins, dispensing, exchanging and decreasing censures, canonical sanctions, it analyses and settles all the matters of conscience that have been presented to it; in this last example, first of all, by providing the answers for particular doubts of moral and legal nature that are depicted by confessors or interested people. In these very wide competences the Apostolic Penitentiary solves solely single and specific problems, whereas settlement of the issues of sub specie universalitatis falls within the competences of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Additionally, the subject of works of the Apostolic Penitentiary is granting indulgences.Pozycja Serce me daję. Archiwum Klarysek w Starym Sączu – 2, wydał i opracował J. Królikowski (Sądecka Góra Tabor, t. 8), Biblos, Tarnów 2012, ss. 106.Kaczor, Monika (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Sympozjum Fundacji Josepha Ratzingera „Ewangelie. Historyczne i chrystologiczne poszukiwania”. Rzym, 24-26 października 2013 rokuMichalik, Andrzej (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Janusz Królikowski, Bogurodzica Dziewica (Bibliotheca Kolbiana, t. 2), Wydawnictwo Ojców Franciszkanów, Niepokalanów 2013, ss. 383.Krysiak, Iwona (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Piękno Kościoła, red. Tomasz Płonka, Centrum Duchowości „Honoratianum”, Zakroczym 2013, ss. 418.Wojnowski, Mariusz (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Jacob Neusner, Rabin rozmawia z Jezusem, tłum. A. Wojtasik, Wydawnictwo M, Kraków 2010, ss. 200.Michalik, Andrzej (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Stanisław Sojka, Fides et vita christiana. Podstawowa rola wiary w życiu chrześcijańskim w świetle posoborowej literatury teologicznej, Kraków 2013, ss. 568.Zabielski, Józef (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)Pozycja Teofil Siudy, Matka naszego zawierzenia. Maryja w nauczaniu Błogosławionego Jana Pawła II, Wydawnictwo Sióstr Loretanek, Warszawa 2013, ss. 245.Krysiak, Iwona (Wydział Teologiczny Sekcja w Tarnowie Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2013)