The Person and the Challenges, 2014, Vol. 4, No. 2
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Pozycja The Rabbinic Anti-Gospel in the Context of the Polemic between the Synagogue and the ChurchWróbel, Mirosław (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)This article tries to find the answers to the following questions: Can one find, in the Rabbinic writings (the Tosefta, Jerusalem Talmud and Babylonian Talmud), some texts that refer to Jesus and His followers? What is their nature? Do they include antiChristian undertones and constitute a specific Rabbinic anti-gospel: the rabbis’ wellthought and thorough reaction to the content included in the Gospels? The author in his answers used the detailed research presented in his latest monograph entitled Jesus and His Followers in the Talmud. A Textological, Historical and Sociological Analysis, Lublin 2013. His investigation leads him to the conclusion that in Talmudic narratives Rabbis created a specific anti-gospel which was initially transmitted verbally and then written down in various contexts of their works. The aim of this anti-gospel is to challenge the authority of Jesus of Nazareth as the Son of God and the Messiah from the house of David. Rabbinic narratives wish to show in a clear way that Jesus must not usurp any messianic and divine prerogatives. In the earlier times rabbis warned Jewish community against magic power and the attractiveness of the doctrine advocated by heretics. Subsequent rabbis showed the weakness and stupidity of heretical teaching, whose contradictions and lack of logic were easy to disprove by making use of proper argumentation. Jewish sages wished to prove the superiority of the Rabbinic doctrine and the biblical presentation they offered, over the Christian faith.Pozycja Radio and the Church – a Historical GlanceSultana, Carl-Mario (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Radio is a very powerful mass communication medium. In radio broadcasting, one can hear the echo of Christ’s words to his apostles in the missionary discourse: “You received without charge, give without charge…What you hear in whispers, proclaim from the house tops” (Mt 10,8b.27). Although the Church uses radio as a means to transmit the Good News of salvation, and we as human beings receive radio transmissions as a part of our daily life, we barely stop to think and reflect upon the underlying aspects of radio as a means of communication. In this paper, the Author endeavours to give a historical overview of what makes radio an important medium for evangelisation according to four key documents of the Church, while also studying the underlying theological positions found in these documents. These documents enable us to study radio as a broadcasting medium, highlighting the possible reactions of the Church to radio and how the Church changed its stance on radio over the years. The reason for focussing specifically on radio is for two particular reasons: from the very beginning, the Church has considered radio as a means for evangelising the masses. Notwithstanding this, what is going to be discussing in the paper can be equally applied to Television as a mass communication medium. Secondly, the Church took an active role in radio broadcasting by asking Guglielmo Marconi himself to construct the Vatican Radio in 1931. The documents of the Church also offer us a theology of radio as a mass communication medium, with unity, progress and evangelisation being the fundamental aspects. Church documents posit that not everything should be broadcasted over radio but only messages which bring about peace and unity.Pozycja Geistig behinderte Kinder religiös erziehen – Herausforderungen an Pädagogik und KatecheseStala, Józef (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Special education options are diverse and prepared to meet the needs of children with varying degrees of intellectual disabilities. However, many parents of children with an intellectual disability have a difficult time in organizing the religious educational alternatives for their children. A disabled child needs to be surrounded by catechetical specialist care. In this article, the author points out the pedagogical and catechetical challenges of special education and catechesis. At the beginning, three basic educational environments are presented followed by the major aspects of the Catholic religious education: knowledge of God, prayer, and preparation for the sacrament of Penance and the Eucharist.Pozycja Review “Integral Nursery Education in E. Bojanowski’s System of Education – Continuation and Change” by Sister M. OpielaSowińska, Agata (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Pozycja Die KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg – ein Ort des Gedenkens, der Begegnung und des historischen LernensScharnetzky, Julius (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Pozycja La scelta missionaria nell’attività del consiglio pastorale parrocchialeRojowski, Leszek (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)The article discusses the missionary option as indicated by Pope Francis in his first apostolic exhortation. This challenging option can be lived fully only through a total commitment of all church structures. That is why it is interesting to reflect how one of the parish structures, namely the pastoral council, can contribute – according to its competences – to put into practice what has been enunciated in Evangelii gaudium. A particular contribution of the parish pastoral council consists primarily in the development of an adequate parish pastoral plan, which would have as its main goal to educate the parish as a missionary community, responsible for the transmission of the Christian faith in today’s world. The article also features some directions from the Papal document which must be taken into account and some practical suggestions which aid in reaching the delineated goals. A commitment of the parish pastoral council to fulfil this missionary choice enables this structure to see its role as oriented “to promote conformity of the life and actions of the People of God with the Gospel”.Pozycja The Relationship between God and Israel as a Biblical Portrayal of the Bond between God and the Person in the Light of Deuteronomy 1:1–4:43Łanoszka, Mirosław (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)As the fifth book of the Pentateuch, Deuteronomy depicts a panoramic synthesis of the entire history of Israel. Consequently, its message is very important for Old Testament theology. Deuteronomy had its origin as a book of God’s Law, communicated to the Israelites by Moses, giving them in a certain way the best guidance possible through the course of their history. The Book of Deuteronomy raises important issues in the life and faith of the Israelites just as they prepare to enter the land of promise. The most important of them is the relationship between God and Israel; that direct connection of Israel’s obedience to the divine law that should be treated as ‘rule of life’ in the Promised Land. Moses’ first address to Israel (Deut 1:1–4:43) allows us to capture generally the essential elements that influence both positively and negatively on forming the vital relationship with God: the only One who can provide for every person a happy life – lived to the full.Pozycja The Pedagogy of Remembrance as a Form of Museum EducationKranz, Tomasz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Pozycja A Semiotic Interpretation of Pope John Paul II’s Pilgrimage to Israel on 21–26 March 2000Klauza, Karol (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Contemporary social discourse utilizes scientific criteria to analyze events, texts and people’s behaviour from the point of view of their power and impact on historical transformations. Printed and audio-visual materialregarding John Paul II’s pilgrimage to the Middle East in the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 were published and made public during his visit and shortly afterwards. In retrospect, this event allows for a well-balanced semiotic analysis focusing on the intentional selection of places visited by the Holy Father, his rhetoric used both in official and private speeches, the symbolism of his gestures and overall behaviour, especially in their religious and cultural context, as well as on the presence of signs and symbols in the whole conception of the pilgrimage project. This paper attempts to synthesize these elements which result from an earlier interdisciplinary analysis, taking into consideration the different perspectives be it historical, socio-religious (referring to three monotheist religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam), rhetorical and aesthetic. In this case, semiotics provides a framework to analyze and justify the contribution of the mentioned pilgrimage in a broad context of a redeeming Church in the early 21st century.Pozycja Biblische Familien als Herausforderung für die Erziehung heuteGerjolj, Stanko (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)The Bible tells us not only about God, but about human beings and anthropological relationships. By reflecting on relationships of some biblical families, we can gain the potentials of overcoming different kinds of deep relational conflicts. In this way we might learn how to approach Jeremiah’s prophetic oracle: No longer will anyone go around saying, “Sour grapes eaten by parents leave a sour taste in the mouths of their children” (Jer. 31:29). According to the stories about Abraham and his family, Isaac and his family, Jacob and his family, and Josef and his reconciliation with his brothers in Egypt, we see that the “taste of the grapes” from the previous generations undoubtedly affects the next generation. To overcome the negative consequences and to prevail over the compulsive repetitions of the past generations, the biblical stories have lessons that cannot be ignored, lessons that are didactic even to contemporary men and women, especially in the context of the crisis which family life is experiencing today. By accepting the history and in learning from it, which includes at least some levels of forgiveness and reconciliation with the past, the next generation can potentiality cultivate the ability to “live different” and to “do better”. In that context God is giving the chance for a “new life” to each new generation.Pozycja Judaism and Economics: The Link between Judaism and Economic LifeFel, Stanisław; Zdun, Magdalena (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)This article deals with the relationship of Judaism to economic activity. The subject is the typical approach of Jewish ethical thought, concerning the understanding of money, wealth, jobs and economic initiatives. Issues related to fundamental economic life are shown to be covered in the books that the Jewish community considers sacred. Particularly important are the Old Testament and the Talmud. Also important are references to the cultural interpretation of Judaism, including the classical works on the subject – Jacques Attali and Werner Sombart. The key concept is the subject of “wealth,” the meaning of which is derived from the Bible’s Book of Exodus and the Talmud. Finally, the foundations for Jewish economic thought can be expressed as the product of an embedded culture, which is founded on religion, in which property acquires ethical legitimacy. The argument is crowned with historical examples of the noble economic activity of the Jewish people, which also give evidence of the interrelatedness of religion and the proper use of wealth.Pozycja Die Gedenkstätte Stutthof. Wenn die Zeitzeugen stumm werdenChruścielski, Piotr (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Pozycja Introducing Teenagers to a Dialogue with Judaism as the Task of School CatechesisKostorz, Jerzy (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)This analysis proves that introducing teenagers to a dialogue with Judaism is one of catechesis’s tasks. This task has been outlined in the post-conciliar documents of the Catholic Church. It underlines the spiritual ties between Catholic people and the Jews and promotes forming an attitude of openness towards followers of the Mosaic religion. It also contributes to mitigating anti-Semitism among Catholic teenagers. At the same time, it raises interest in Jewish traditions and culture. In the religion syllabus in lower and post-secondary schools we can come across numerous references (mainly indirect) to Judaism. The focus on passing honest knowledge about Judaism can be also clearly visible. In this way, formation of the cognitive element of interreligious dialogue takes place. On the other hand, less attention is devoted to other components of this attitude such as the emotional and behavioural elements. That is why there is a demand to complete the lacking elements by watching films and having discussions. The above mentioned multimedia materials called “The religion lesson” have been prepared to satisfy this need. Great importance is also attached to creating situations that allow Christian teenagers to participate in meetings with the Jews. It can be organized in the form of Days of Judaism and panel discussions with Jews and distinguished contemporary theologians and philosophers. Open meetings with representatives of Judaism are a great opportunity to perceive the Jews as “older brethren in the faith”. They let young people discover the cultural wealth and vision of Judaism and teach teenagers respect for the religious beliefs of the Jews. Thereby, they can contribute to the change of mentality of young participants of catechesis in their approach to Judaism. It is worth referring to the works of Jewish culture in these activities. It is the cultural heritage that comprises a great reference point to showing the strong Judaic roots of Christian culture. Thus, it is necessary, for the topics in Judaism proposed for religious syllabuses and catechetical material to be closely connected with organizing meetings of young Catholics with followers of the Mosaic religion. Only this kind of experience can contribute to an authentic inter-religious dialogue.Pozycja Topicality and Relevance of Janusz Korczak’s Pedagogical Approach to Children and Their UpbringingJaniak, Alicja; Rynio, Alina (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)Janusz Korczak’s ideas and practical pedagogical achievements permanently went down in the history of Polish and world pedagogy. They have become a unique source of knowledge, ideas and inspiration in the quest for new educational solutions. His rich literary works, especially the pedagogical trilogy entitled How to Love a Child, is both a source of knowledge and inspiration for further reflection and research in the field of pedagogic sciences and an encyclopaedia of practical knowledge in the area of care, upbringing and education. The purpose of this article is to depict Korczak as a person, tutor, guardian, researcher-clinician and show his moral credibility confirmed with testimony to love. Not only does it present the topicality and importance of his pedagogical message but it also indicates the possibility of being a role model for many of today’s tutors and teachers.Pozycja Grand Illusion? The Phenomenon of Jewish Life in Poland after the Holocaust in Lower SilesiaIlwicka, Agnieszka (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)The Jewish Life in Poland inLower Silesia began with the end of World War II. Survivors from the local concentration camp in Gross Rosen created the first Jewish committee and, with German Jewish survivors, started a new chapter in the post war history of Lower Silesia. The fact that only 10% of the Jews from the whole population overcame the extermination should be borne in mind. There is a related branch of research that seeks to determine how long Jewish life continued in Europe, where and under what conditions. In the last few years, we have become aware of the extent to which Jews actually built new possibilities after World War II in Poland, 1945–1968. In fact, the prevailing popular image of post–war Jewry is a simplistic one that divides the Jewish population into basic groups: the assimilated Jews of Russia; the “Jewish Jews” of Poland and other western areas, annexed to the Soviet Union, who sought to preserve at least some aspects of Yiddishkayt (Jewishness); and the traditional Jews, who remained devout. In the period of 1945–1950, the Jews created the most important center of Jewish Life in Europe, in terms of culture, industry, education and intellectual life. A stabilization period of the Jewish settlement began with the autumn of 1946. The softening of emigration rules and the closure of the Polish borders in the winter of 1947 helped Jews fully concentrate on the Jewish life in Poland. At that time, political, social, economic and cultural activities continued to be carried out on a large scale. In 1946, 16,960 Jews were registered in Wrocław. With the change of the policy towards the Jewish community by the communist government of Poland, the Jewish settlement in Wrocław slowed down and eventually, at the beginning of the 70’s, Jewish life in the Lower Silesia disappeared from the cultural map of the local landscapes. Even though some of the Jewish settlers remained in the Lower Silesia to continue Jewish life in this territory, the community never became as strong and influential as it was at the beginning of the settlement.Pozycja Theocentrism in Edith Stein’s (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross’s) Late AnthropologyGuerrero van der Meijden, Jadwiga (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)This article proposes the thesis that Edith Stein’s late anthropology has a theocentric orientation. The threefold structure of a human being consisting of a body, soul and spirit is examined in order to validate the thesis. First of all, the finitude of a human being points out to the eternal being and – consequently – human beings are not conceivable by themselves, without the context of God. Moreover, the hylomorphic union of the body and soul adopted from Aristotelian and Thomistic philosophy is enriched in Stein’s anthropology by the concept of spirit. This results in a threefold structure and is reason enough to suggest man’s iconic similarity to the Trinity. Furthermore, Stein takes over St. Teresa of Avila’s concept of an internal center of the soul, which can be a meeting point between a person and God. The analysis of the soul’s center supports the main thesis.Pozycja Der christlich-jüdische Dialog im polnischen KontextBiel, Robert (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2014)For centuries Poland was a country where Jews willingly settled. In the first years of XX century, Jews made up a large percentage of Poland’s inhabitants. But when the Second World War broke out the extermination of Jews threw a shadow upon the relations between Jews and Christians in Poland. Communism by no means favored a mutual reconciliation. In free Poland, it is however necessary to make the most of this common historical heritage as a foundation for a Christian – Jewish dialogue which opens up new perspectives.