Metafizyczna reinterpretacja sakramentu Eucharystii w polemice ze św. Tomaszem z Akwinu na gruncie art. 6 zagadnienia 78 traktatu o Eucharystii jego „Sumy teologicznej”

Abstract

Criticism against St. Thomas Aquinas — intentionally emulating the scholastic method of proving — regards the effect of the forms of consecrating the bread and wine during the Eucharist. This reveals an absurd problem — encountered by Aquinas in his Summa Theologica — rooted in the confusion between different concepts and connotations attached to the term “Eucharist” while trying to accommodate them and explain in one of those connotations, i.e., “the sacrament of the Eucharist”. Apparently, the solution can be provided by isolating, among other things, a second term: “liturgy of the sacrament of the Eucharist”, and critically revising all that makes matter and form of “the sacrament of the Eucharist” itself. The conclusions of criticism suggest that it is rational to transfer the search for the moment of transubstantiation from the so-called words of consecration to the epiclesis. Finally, it is time to indicate that on 20 July 2001, the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity recognized the complete validity of the Anaphora of Addai and Mari, without the words of consecration, thus practically confirming by the Catholic Church that this direction of theological endeavours is right.