Komplementarność polskiej średniowiecznej antropologii filozoficznej i teologicznej

Abstract

One of the directives in research on 15th century thought, in Poland as well (first of all at the Krakow University), is the philosophy expansion in the theological and medical works and in the works applying to particular sciences. There is no doubt, that the major part of the mature philosophical scholastics is included mainly in theological works, such as: Sentences Commentaries, Holy Bible Commentaries and even sermons. Many thinkers of those days, continuing the ancient tradition, claimed that definite anthropological knowledge is gained not through the deliberation over the nature of the man or soul, but through the acquisition of moral principles governing the individual and society. Even the rough characteristic of the context, in which medieval anthropology was being created, reveals that it was not, as it is thought sustaining the myth of the dark Middle Ages, totally subordinated to theology but to religion. The Christian aspect of this reflection gave the supernatural dimension, resulting from the relationship between the man and transcendental God, to all conclusions regarding the man: biological, psychological and cosmological.