Osobowa obecność Chrystusa w Eucharystii

Abstract

The presence of Christ in the Eucharist belongs to the most difficult theological topics. It has been differently understood in history. From discussions and debates two basic interpretations resulted: the symbolical and realistic theories of the presence of Christ. The realistic theory dominated in the Middle Ages. It was expressed by the term transsubstantiatio. The Reformation rejected the realistic interpretaiton based on the idea of a real transformation of bread and wine in the Body and the Blood of Christ. It assumed the symbolical conception. As a result, the Council of Trident (the 16th century) defined the presence of Christ as true (vere), real (realiter), and substantial (substantialiter). Now because of the criticism of the concept of substance theologians seek new definitions for the expression of Christ in the Eucharist. Inspired by contemporary philosophical schools (phenomenology, existentialism, personalism), they proposed new concepts: transsignification, transfinalisation, and transpersonalisation. The concepts are better at expressing the personal character of the presence of Christ and enhancing the anthropological context in sacramentology.