Znaczenie sztuki w przekazie wiary w nauczaniu ojców Kościoła

Abstract

Christianity is the religion of the word and image. Both the word and image play an important role in the process of passing on the faith. Te attitude of early Christianity to art was determined by two important factors. Firstly, in Christian communities which were formed by converted Jews, the Old Testament prohibition against images and worshipping them was strongly emphasized; secondly they feared idolatry. The first apologists of the 2nd century (Aristides, Tatian the Assyrian, Justin Martyr, Tertullian and Origen) explicitly scorned production of any images. In the 4th century, when Christianity was growing in signifcance and building Christian churches was permitted, then Christian writers such as: Saint Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, Hypatius of Ephesus and Paulinus of Nola started to express their opinions on these issues in a less adamant way than it happened in the first three centuries. In the 6th and 7th century, thanks to Saint Gregory the Great (Pope Gregory I) and John of Damascus, the Church’s attitude to art crystallized and eventually art was given due respect. This several century long discussion on the role of “representational art” in Christianity culminated during the second Council of Nicaea.