Altruizm endo- i egzocentryczny a poziom niepokoju

Abstract

The article is report on empirical studies concerning the connection between altruism endo-exocentric and anxiety. Altruism is understood here as undertaking actions for the benefit of other people without expecting outer rewards (Macaulay, Berkowitz, 1970 p.3). In the presented studies Karylowski’s (1982) division into two types of altruism was employed, namely, into endocentric vs exocentric altruism. In the studies the following methods were used: the A-N Questionnaire (cf. Sliwak 1988, 1993), the Moral Endo-Exocentrism — KEEM (cf. Kaiylowski 1982) the Cattell Anxiety Scale. The two former methods were used to measure the intensity of altruism (A-N) and to define the type of altruism (KEEM), whereas the latter one served to measure the level and structure of anxiety. With the help of these methods answers were sought to the following questions: 1. Are there any differences in level and structure of anxiety among endo- and exocentric altruists and control group. 2. Are there any differences in level and structure of anxiety among endocentric and exocentric groups. 226 Ss were examined (46,9% male and 53,1% female) whose age ranged from 23 to 33. Ss had at least secondary education. The results are the following: 1. It was found that the group with a lower level of altruism, in relation to the groups endo-and exocentrics has the highest level of latent anxiety. 2. It was also found, that endo- exocentric altruists are characterized by identical scores in general anxiety. The anxiety profils of these groups are exactly parallel to each other (with a minimal distance between them). 3. Additional information is supplied by the results from the sub-groups of male and female. Exocentric female obtained the lowest scores in the factor Q3 and L.