Dusza ludzka w perspektywach filozofii przyrody i metafizyki

Abstract

According to the author, an immanence of the human soul, considered in relation soul – body, seems to be one the fundamental features of the soul examined from the standpoint of Thomistic philosophy of nature. This immanence denotes the property of being an inner principle of life and functions for a human body. In epistemological perspectives of the philosophy of nature the problem of the soul can be considered in as much as the soul is an ontological co-element of a human body and an appropriate principle of the body constitution. This element can be distinguished, however, on a basis of purely experimental data (either common sense or scientific). It can be examined on the way of abstraction and an ontological analysis only (in the broad sense of the last term). In Thomistic philosophy of nature the soul, because of its specific existential situation, cannot be regarded as a complete and exclusive object of sensitive life and physiological functions. Human body for which the soul is a substantial form should be regarded, however, as a similar abject. On this way one not can investigate the immanence of the soul not only taking into consideration a structure of a human body but also examining some human functions. In perspectives of Thomistic philosophy of nature there is no possibility to answer whether the human soul is completely immanent in relation to a human body animated by it. The mentioned discipline contains no principles enabling to solve the question of immanence in similar acts as acts of intellect and will. The study of the human intellectual soul, its nature, and its ontological essence is possible in perspectives of Thomistic metaphysics. The problem of relationship between a partial immanence of the soul and its transcendence (ensuing its immateriality) can be defined in this discipline too.