Człowiek jako osoba w metafizyce św. Tomasza z Akwinu

Abstract

The conception of human being as subject of social life should be the starting point of the social philosophy. Policy and particular choices are human and that is why looking for the answers to the question “Who is a human being?” is very important. Therefore it is necessary to define clearly the rational nature of the human being in order to talk about the man as a person and to present the necessity of personalization in social philosophy. Anthropology and the definition of the person play an important role in philosophical heritage of Thomas Aquinas. That anthropology presents a proper orientation which, in times following the chaos of modem notions, lets us live between the extremes of materialism and spiritualism. At that point the conception by Thomas Aquinas helps to find a proper point of perceiving the human being. In “The Tract about a Man” not only is found an extended and strictly imparted with his metaphysics philosophical theory of man but also, what should be highlighted, a theology of the human being. The man as a person is a subject of grace and reveals as the one whose calling is both innate and supernatural. So it is reasonable to acknowledge that a person is more precious than materialistic universe due to his unique world that includes elements of consciousness and spirit what allows him to convert the materialistic world and look for God.