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Accompanying the Catechised in Their Holistic Development
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2022)
The analyses presented in this paper focus on the accompaniment for the catechised in their holistic development. Thus described, the educational activity of a catechist is consistent with the principle of faithfulness to God and to man. It always concerns a specific catechised person with specific developmental predispositions who lives in a specific community and is influenced by modern culture. By referring to the Catechetical directory and the literature on the subject, it was pointed out that the accompaniment for the catechised in their holistic development is the fundamental pedagogic and catechetic category. Various aspects of accompaniment for the catechised in the contemporary world are presented. Vocation, passion as well as the testimony of life and faith were particularly emphasised. The importance of the encounter, presence, being near and being with the pupil, and dialogue were stressed. Active listening, trust, care, devotion, kindness, empathy, and credibility were also regarded as important. The described traits and predispositions of a catechist play an important role in establishing authentic relations with pupils. They are manifestations of the communicative and pedagogic competence of the catechist and his ability to accomplish his goals, as well as of his awareness of the vocation and the educational mission among the catechised.
Aktualne wyzwania dla formacji katechetów w środowisku parafialnym
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2024)
The formation of catechists is a critical aspect analyzed from various perspectives and within diverse contexts. Researchers predominantly focus on issues related to the formation process in individual dioceses. This study aims to illuminate the current state of catechist formation in the parish and the challenges inherently associated with it. The investigation draws primarily from the results of a survey conducted among catechists in Poland. The opinions of respondents regarding the organization of catechists’ meetings in the parish are presented. The study delves into the frequency and types of formation activities, highlighting Masses dedicated to the intentions of catechists and examining cooperation among those involved in parish activities. The findings indicate that catechists express a positive perception of their formation within the parish. They underscore the significance of valuing the parish community as a privileged space for formation, where the catechetical vocation takes root and develops, and where the faith of catechists is both revitalized and strengthened.
Aktywizacja młodzieży szkół ponadpodstawowych w nauczaniu religii – między tradycją a współczesnością
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2021)
The analyses presented in this study focus on the quality of secondary school student mobilisation, which is recommended in the valid Core curriculum of the Catholic Church catechesis in Poland (2018). Attention was drawn to the obligatory set of catechetic objectives – general requirements, the contents of religion teaching – specific requirements, attitudes that should be developed in young people, correlation of religion teaching with school education, recommended conditions and methods of implementation of syllabus and cooperation of the educational environment (family, parish, etc.). The analysis of these issues attempted to prove that all elements of essence and methodology in the religion core syllabus can play an important role in the mobilisation of young people. It was pointed out that transmission of the theological and catechetical message and the theological language dominates. These solutions are enriched by correlation with school education, which can contribute to the mobilisation of youth. Unfortunately, little attention is often devoted to human experience and students’ personal knowledge, which does not favour mobilisation. The new information and communication technologies are also undervalued, as they are mentioned in very general terms. Meanwhile, dominant are proposals of applying traditional methods of mobilising young people, such as problem methods, seeking and exploring. Proposals of forms and methods of young people’s evangelisation are lacking. Such an approach to youth mobilisation oscillates between tradition and modernity. There are more traditional accents. Hence, the analysed proposals for mobilising secondary school students require supplementing at the level of developing syllabuses and textbooks for religion teaching.
Comprehensive activation of students during education classes on family life in Polish schools. Theoretical assumptions
Zellma, Anna (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2016)
Family life education classes in Polish schools are carried out on the basis of theoretical assumptions included in the core curriculum, programmes, handbooks and didactic materials. They indicate not only the objectives and the content, but also the methods of achieving them. It is rightly considered important to activate students in multiple ways in the fifth and sixth form of the primary school, first to third forms of the lower secondary school and in upper secondary schools. This principle assumes stimulating the comprehensive activity of students by arranging situations that serve the purpose of learning about issues concerning marriage and family, discovering family-oriented values and experiencing and acting in a responsible manner. Therefore, it requires the application of appropriately selected, varied forms, methods and didactic means in the family life education classes. This will help to individualise the process of education and to efficiently implement curriculum objectives and contents, thus enhancing the scope of students’ knowledge and experiences, as well as developing family-oriented attitudes.
Cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in the prevention of domestic violence
Zellma, Anna (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2020)
This article aims to show the importance of cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in preventing domestic violence. The method of analysis of the literature and state documents (e.g. the law of education) is used. The conclusions were presented in a synthetic way. It has been noted that the cooperation of religion teachers with police psychologists serves to eliminate risk factors that can lead to domestic violence. The parties must therefore remain open towards one another, be ready to engage in dialogue and share knowledge and experience in the area of the prevention of domestic violence.
Creativity of Religion Teachers as a Determinant of Students’ Creativity
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2020)
The analyses undertaken in this paper aim to show the importance of the creativity of religion teachers for the development of their students’ creativity in the course of religion lessons. The starting point is the thesis according to which the creativity of religion teachers is a determinant of students’ creativity. Such an approach required the use of the analytic-synthetic method. The analysis included the available literature on the subject. Based on this, the identity of creative religion teachers was first characterized in a synthetic manner. Their personal characteristics and the substantive and methodological competence were identified. In this context, specific activities of religion teachers were analysed, which testify to their creativity and at the same time motivate students to engage in a multifaceted, creative activity. Particular emphasis was placed on the use of various forms of organization of students’ work during religion lessons, methods, techniques and didactic aids. The questions posed not only by the teachers but also by the students were considered important. It was also observed that a creative religion teacher not only strives for external activation of students, but also supports them in discovering the values of the Gospel, their conversion and trusting in Christ. In their teaching and educational work, religion teachers need appropriate support, since they should continuously develop and learn, as well as improve their methodological skills.
Developing an Attitude of Positive Tolerance Among Young People in Poland a Collective Case Study
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2023)
This paper presents the findings of a quality study conducted in 2021 on developing an attitude of positive tolerance among young people in Poland. The collective case study method was applied. Five cases of educational institutions were analysed whose statutes provide for the promotion of the pedagogy of tolerance inspired by the teachings of John Paul II. The research sample comprised: The Centre for the Thought of John Paul II, the “Opus of New Millenium” Foundation, the John Paul II Institute for Intercultural Dialogue in Kraków, the St. John Paul II Youth Aid Foundation “Wzrastanie,” and the Association of Friends of Catholic Schools. The educational programmes of these institutions mainly address young people in Poland. The study revealed that positive tolerance, based on an axiological foundation, occupies an important position in the activities of these institutions. Founded on the teachings of John Paul II, it incorporates human dignity, respect, the common good, responsibility, intercultural and inter-religious dialogue, and cooperation. The study revealed that educational initiatives were diversified concerning the content and methodological solutions, whose aim is to discover the essence of positive tolerance and its boundaries. These create various opportunities to get to know another person, show respect, dialogue, change prejudices, cooperate, and build unity in diversity. Young people are encouraged to engage in intercultural and interreligious dialogue both directly and using the latest information and communication technologies that favoured the development of a positive tolerance attitude.
Edukacja dla bezpieczeństwa w kontekście zmian programowych nauczania religii
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2017)
Edukacja dla bezpieczeństwa zajmuje ważne miejsce w holistycznej koncepcji nauczania i wychowania. Jej zakres merytoryczny wiąże się z jedną z podstawowych potrzeb człowieka: potrzebą bezpieczeństwa. Dobrze zatem, że edukacja dla bezpieczeństwa znalazła właściwe miejsce w systemie reformowanej szkoły, o czym świadczą ramowe plany nauczania oraz dokumenty programowe kształcenia ogólnego w ośmioletniej szkole podstawowej, w branżowej szkole I stopnia, w czteroletnim liceum i w pięcioletnim technikum. Sytuacja ta stawia nowe wyzwania przed nauczaniem religii. Podejmując wyżej zasygnalizowaną problematykę, w niniejszym opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę integrowania w nauczaniu religii wiedzy i umiejętności z zakresu edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa. Za istotne uznano uzupełnianie tej wiedzy o wymiar etyczny oraz udzielanie uczniom wsparcia w rozwijaniu umiejętności społecznych i kształtowaniu właściwych postaw, niezbędnych w przeciwdziałaniu różnym zagrożeniom w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. Wskazano na potrzebę zrewidowania tradycyjnego podejścia do korelacji w nauczaniu religii, wyrażającego się m.in. w kopiowaniu wszystkich treści z podstawy programowej kształcenia ogólnego. Postulowano zwrócenie większej uwagi na aksjologiczny wymiar edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa. Przedstawiono też innowacyjne sposoby realizacji korelacji nauczania religii z edukacją dla bezpieczeństwa.
Edukacja o zdrowiu i dla zdrowia w szkolnym nauczaniu religii ‒ konieczność czy chwilowa moda?
Zellma, Anna (Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego, 2014)
Interest in human health has been growing in recent years and increasing attention has been devoted to public health. This has resulted in campaigns to benefit environmental hygiene, control contagious diseases, propagate the principles of personal hygiene and to organise medical services in order to diagnose, prevent and treat diseases of civilisation. Issues related to prevention and care for individuals and groups have come in for much attention. Moreover, a healthy lifestyle is promoted among children and adolescents. As a consequence, edu cation on health and for health and education of issues sometimes regarded as identical to health and health-promoting education, is developing rapidly, both in theory and practice. This study analyses whether the implementation of the principles of education on health and for health in teaching religion is a necessity or just a fad. The paper briefly explains the term: “education on health and for health”. An assessment is made of the correlation between teaching religion and education on health and for health. The opportunities and threats of education on health and for health in teaching religion are also described.
Edukacja religijna młodzieży gimnazjalnej w świetle znowelizowanej „Podstawy programowej katechezy Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce”
Zellma, Anna (Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego, 2010)
The topic discussed in the article is an up-to-date issue as it is inspired by the amended text of the Core curriculum of the Catholic Church catechesis in Poland, approved by the Polish Episcopal Conference in March 2010. The aim of the article is an analysis of issues related to the religious education of pupils at lower secondary schools in Poland, i.e. the description of theoretical foundations, defined in the abovementioned curriculum of the Catholic Church in Poland. Accordingly, firstly the term “religious education” shall be analyzed and the Core curriculum of the Catholic Church catechesis in Poland, amended in 2010, shall be characterized. Secondly, catechetic aims shall be described – general requirements, the tasks of catechesis and of religious education (RE) teachers, and the content defined under specific requirements categories. Recommended conditions and ways of carrying out the assumptions of the curriculum will follow as well as the assumptions concerning the correlation of RE and other courses at lower secondary school as defined in the curriculum. Next, an attempt shall be made to analyze the cooperation between upbringing environments, i.e. above all the family and the parish. The analyses shall be completed with an attempt at evaluating religious education proposed under the Core curriculum of the Catholic Church catechesis in Poland.
Edukacyjne i społecznościowe portale jako nowe przestrzenie w warsztacie pracy i doskonalenia kreatywnego nauczyciela religii
Zellma, Anna (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
Development of information-communication technologies determines new educational tasks a religion teacher faces. They are connected, among others, with using the computer and the Internet in the process of teaching religion. Along with these tasks the range is widened of social demands from religion teachers who, apart from the knowledge of the subject they teach, from the knowledge of methodology of teaching, and the testimony of faith, should be competent as far as using the information-communication technologies available to their students, is concerned. These technologies include the information in social networking services. With reference to this issue, in the article first the terms are defined: „educational web portal” and „social networking service”. Next, the most important web portals, which can be used by a religion teacher, are characterized. In this context the role is shown of educational portals and social networking services that should be used by religion teachers both when preparing and when conducting classes, as well as in their work on improving their workshop (mainly in the process of self-education). Also, the reader's attention is drawn to a creative use of modern information-communication technologies, and to the resulting educational challenges.
Empirical Research as an Area of Research Activity of Polish Catechetical Experts
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum, 2015)
Contemporary Polish catechetical idea takes into account various issues of teaching and Christian education in the family, at school or in the parish. A lot of attention is paid to concepts and models of teaching religion in schools. Polish catechetists from various academic centers (eg. Lublin, Poznań, Olsztyn) make attempts to verify the existing catechetic theories through empirical research. Significant here is the contribution of Fr. prof. Stanisław Kulpaczyński from the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. The article focuses on methodological and substantive aspects of empirical research in the Polish catechetics. First there have been described methods, techniques and research tools. It has been shown that Polish katechetetics usually employ quantitative and qualitative methods using a questionnaire. They select different groups of respondents. Most often they conduct empirical research in schools – among young people and among catechists from different dioceses. From the merits they are interested in their issues such as catechesis in schools, the formation of catechists, religion teaching methods, giving marks on catechesis, conflict solution, cooperation with parents, parish catechesis. The results of empirical research are presented in articles and monographs as well as in doctoral dissertations. On this basis the Polish catechetists work out new catechetical solutions.
Fenomen autorytetu w perspektywie kultury „instant”
Zellma, Anna (Instytut Teologiczny Diecezji Ełckiej, 2002)
Innowacyjne inicjatywy pedagogiczne w środowisku szkolnym i parafialnym
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum, 2017)
At present, innovative initiatives pose a serious pedagogic challenge, which is also faced by catechists and priests. Therefore, it is worth verifying traditional activities in school and parish environments and seeking new, creative organisational and methodological solutions. This requires creativity of ideas and actions from catechists and priests, since not every initiative deserves to be called innovative. Only introducing better, alternative, reality-changing solutions can be referred to as innovative actions. On the basis of the term “innovative pedagogic initiatives”, as understood in the analyses, the article highlights good practices in the organisation and methodology of initiating various creative activities. They were presented as models for innovative initiatives in the school and parish environment. Also presented were characteristics of catechists and priests – innovators in the school and parish environment, who are open to the “signs of the times”, able to think creatively, to act outside the routine and to cooperate. This was the context in which barriers were described which limit the implementation of pedagogic innovations by catechists and priests and the methods of overcoming them.
Kompetencje emocjonalne nauczyciela religii jako warunek skutecznej katechizacji młodzieży
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2005)
A religion teacher has the leading place among the factors conditioning efficient catechization of young people. His personality and pedagogical competence determine realizalion of the assumptions of religion teaching at school, at the same time determining the quality of his relations with the pupils. In the area of this educational-didactic influence a special place is occupied by the teacher’s ability to have insight into his own emotions and to express them in a mature way, as well as to understand affective States of the educated youths. The analyses undertaken in the article attempt obtaining an answer to the question: what kind of emotional compétence of a religion teacher conditions effective catechization of young people? In connection with the study problem formulated in this way the author tried to show the following items: 1) psychological-pedagogical characteristics of a religion teacher’s emotional competence; 2) usefulness of this competence in catechetic work with young people; 3) the influence of a religion teacher’s emotional awareness on efficiency of the process of catechization of young people. Attention was also paid to the possibilities of using emotional competence in the course of a religion lesson by the catechist.
Kompetencje międzykulturowe nauczyciela religii w zróżnicowanej kulturowo szkole
Zellma, Anna (Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2024)
Nabywanie i rozwijanie wielorakich kompetencji zawodowych jest jednym z kluczowych obowiązków i wyzwań nauczycieli religii. Wpisuje się w podstawowe obszary profesjonalnego rozwoju. Warunkowane jest zróżnicowaniem kulturowym współczesnej szkoły. Ma swoje uzasadnienie w regulacjach prawa oświatowego dotyczących edukacji szkolnej dzieci cudzoziemców, mniejszości narodowych i mniejszości etnicznych. Nabywanie i rozwijanie kompetencji międzykulturowych wymaga od nauczycieli religii zarówno aktualnej wiedzy z zakresu edukacji międzykulturowej, jak też umiejętności praktycznych i odpowiednich postaw wobec odmienności kulturowej. Szczególnie cenna wydaje się współpraca z podmiotami zaangażowanymi na rzecz kształtowania kompetencji międzykulturowych nauczycieli religii. Obok inicjatyw podejmowanych przez pracowników referatów katechetycznych i ośrodków doskonalenia nauczycieli, edukacyjnie wartościowe są również działania organizacji pozarządowych. Wymagają one większej promocji wśród nauczycieli religii. Stąd też warto stworzyć przestrzeń do dzielenia się dobrymi praktykami w zakresie edukacji międzykulturowej w nauczaniu religii.
Korelacja nauczania religii katolickiej z wiedzą o społeczeństwie w szkołach ponadgimnazjalnych. Ujęcie teoretyczne
Zellma, Anna (Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego, 2012)
Successive curricular reforms in general education have been implemented in Polish education since 2009/2010. In connection with it, the authors of catechetical curricular documents of Catholic Church in Poland planned new areas of correlation of religion teaching with school education. They also introduced new contents in correlation with subjects of general education such as civic studies. The aim of this article is to analyse correlation of catholic religion teaching with civic studies in post-secondary schools: in secondary school, technical college and vocational school on the basis of new curricular documents on religion teaching and general education. The issues included in binding documents: Catechesis curriculum and General education curriculum are consecutively disscussed. Being aware of the fact that new civic studies curriculum is just being created, the analysis of correlation of religion teaching with civic studies in post secondary schools is omitted. However, the range of correlation in catechesis and general education curriculum is mentioned. The evaluation of analysed aims, tasks and contents is also made. In the summary a few didactic and educational postulates, significant to catechetical practice, are introduced.
Kształcenie nauczycieli religii rzymskokatolickiej w Polsce – między formacją teologiczno-katechetyczną a pedagogizacją
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum, 2021)
The training of teachers of Roman Catholic religion in Poland is carried out at universities – at the faculties of theology – as part of uniform five-year master’s degree studies or two-year (four-semester) postgraduate studies. The Church ensures the quality of both subject matter (theological) and catechetical preparation, as well as pedagogical preparation of future religion teachers. Current ministerial standards of pedagogical education in Poland are considered important. The analyses undertaken in this paper highlight the fact that the presence of religion lessons in Polish schools requires the reliable preparation of future religion teachers to perform didactic, educational and caring tasks. It also raises the need to pay more attention to the personal and spiritual development of religion teachers. It is, above all, the Roman Catholic Church that is responsible for the quality of theological and catechetical and pedagogical education of those people to whom it gives a mission to teach religion in Polish schools. It is supported in these activities by external entities (e.g. the Ministry of National Education and Science). The above-mentioned activities ensure that the education of teachers of Roman Catholic religion in Poland is integral and, at the same time, adequate for contemporary educational tasks. In the training of Roman Catholic religion teachers, a balance between theological and catechetical and pedagogical formation can be observed. This is visible both in the content and forms of education, where it is preferred to combine theory with practice. This is achieved by internships of theology students carried out in primary schools and various types of secondary schools. Such an integrated approach to the training of religion teachers seems to be the most professional.
Kształtowanie wrażliwości sumienia katechizowanej młodzieży w kontekście współczesnej aksjologii
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, 2016)
Kształtowanie sumienia wiąże się bezpośrednio z formacją moralną. Jest to jedno z podstawowych zadań katechezy. Zadanie to zasługuje na szczególną uwagę w odniesieniu do współczesnej młodzieży i preferowanych przez nią wartości. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania problematyki kształtowania sumienia katechizowanej młodzieży w kontekście współczesnej aksjologii, określonej na podstawie wtórnej analizy wybranych wyników badań empirycznych. Najpierw opisano rozumienie kształtowania sumienia z perspektywy katechetycznej. Następnie dokonano w sposób syntetyczny (i jedynie w formie egzemplifikacji) przeglądu autodeklaracji młodzieży na temat preferowanych wartości. Odwołano się przy tym do konkretnych badań i najważniejszych publikacji, w których zostały przedstawione wyniki badań empirycznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na opinie młodzieży dotyczące sumienia i wyborów moralnych. Na tej podstawie wyprowadzono wnioski dotyczące zmian w programowaniu wychowania religijnego i działalności pedagogicznej nauczycieli religii.
Lay Faithful Involvement in the Contemporary Church – The Polish Context
Zellma, Anna (Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum, 2024)
The involvement of the lay faithful in the community of the Church is at the center of theological reflection after the Second Vatican Council. It is among the key issues in practical theology in Poland. Theoretical indications are often not translated into pastoral practice. In fact, it is possible to notice the posed actions and activities related to the involvement of the lay faithful in the community of the Church. Hence, changes in pastoral practice are needed. The analyses undertaken in this article are a voice in the discussion. They show the most important areas of involvement of the lay faithful of the Church in Poland, taking into account the current social and religious situation. First, the status of the lay faithful in the Church and the basic tasks they have to perform in the Church are described. In this context, the basic planes of involvement of the lay faithful in the Church in Poland were presented. This made it possible to show the translation of the guidelines enshrined in the documents of the Church and in the teaching of the Popes into pastoral practice in Poland. To enrich the analyses, reference was made to good practices that illustrate the involvement of lay faithful in pastoral, evangelization, administrative, cultural, and social activities. The need for in-depth research and the development of new pastoral strategies was also pointed out. It was considered important to change the mentality of the hierarchy (bishops) and priests) and to raise the level of awareness of the lay faithful and motivate them to be more active in the community of the Church.