Roczniki Teologiczne, 2016, T. 63, nr 2 (English version)

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    The Voice beyond Us J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI’s Theses about Conscience
    Szymik, Jerzy (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    Many times culture and liberal and democratic mentality of post-modern Europe juxtapose individual conscience with objective and commonly valid moral law, treating the former as completely autonomous, while replacing the latter with the law established by majority. J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI reminds that conscience is a subjective norm, but the one that is not deprived of objective reference. As the ability inherent in human nature by God's intention, it corresponds with the order of things, also established by God, and links a will (freedom) of man with the will (freedom) of God. Rationality, characteristic of a man, and expressing through conscience as the ability to get to know the truth of existence and distinguish good from evil, has its roots in obedience, that is the readiness to listen to. Thus, conscience is, in essence, an ability to listen to God and co-knowledge about Him. That is why, prayer and respect for teaching of the Church play crucial role in shaping conscience and neither cognition mistake nor personal ignorance either do not justify or finally release the man’s guilt. It is crucified and resurrected Christ who justifies, and requirements of conscience lead to Christ, through remorse.
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    Mercy as the Basis for Solving the Social Dispute about Justice
    Sienkiewicz, Edward (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    The social dispute over justice that is in a great crisis, must not be limited to social and economical criteria only. This is proved by the elementary experience, since attempts to overcome injustice only on this level are not effective. The anthropological and personalist criterion is necessary here. Only this criterion allows one to integrally define a man – also in his relations with others – as a person. Also justice has a personalist character, and because of this it is not a value that is only added to a man. As such, it is also an objective value that has an obligatory character, which is difficult to justify, and the more so to make it come true, without the Christian Revelation. The event of Jesus Christ, with the preparation given in the Old Testament, shows man’s sin as the fundamental source of injustice. This is why in an encounter with injustice only God’s mercy is effective, as the only factor – through Jesus’ paschal mystery – that overcomes sin. It is not tantamount to giving up justice, but to practicing it – as in Jesus’ understanding surrendering to the criteria of justice is a necessary condition of mercy, so that the sin can be judged and overcome, and the man can be saved.
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    The Subject of creatio continua and Its Ecclesial Aspect
    Liszka, Piotr (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    It is God who is the subject of creatio continua; in Christianity it is a triune God. Fundamentally divine nature, Divine Persons: God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit, who in the logic of the internal life of the Trinity is third and in relation to the world the most direct. The personal specificity of the Third Divine Person predestines it to activity, creativity, to stirring creative power and action in created beings. The Holy Spirit develops and unites, creates the interior of the beings, combines them and strengthens the link with the Creator. This ongoing creation is encoded in the act of creation and is in keeping with the workings of Providence, which also is a creation of the Trinity, and indirectly a creation of people: individuals and societies. Participation in the act of creation stands in proportion to the growth in holiness, which means it is proportional to becoming a person. Created beings personalize themselves through participation in creatio continua, and by participating in this act, they personalize themselves. All this is implemented though the activity of the intellect, will and emotions. It is Jesus Christ in his capacity of God and man who occupies the centre stage of the ongoing creation.
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    The Problem of Knowledge of Jesus in Selected Publications (after the II Vatican Council). A Contribution to the History of the Question
    Strzelczyk, Grzegorz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    The article makes a contribution to the history of the discussion on the knowledge of Jesus, which continues within the framework of systematic Christology. The analysis concerns the following single-authored monographs on these issues written in the 20th century, after the Second Vatican Council: H. Riedlinger: Geschichtlichkeit und Vollendung des Wissens Christi (1966), J. Galot: La conscience de Jésus (1971), W.G. Most: The Consciousness of Christ (1980), P. Kaiser: Das Wissen Jesu Christi in der lateinischen (westlichen) Theologie (1981), R. Maloney: The Knowledge of Christ (1999), J.G. Díaz Macabenta: „Mystical Experience Theory” in Jesus human knowledge and consciousness. An Evaluation (1993/2003).
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    The Charismatic Dimension of the Vocation of a Theologian
    Walczak, Marcin (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    It is doubtless that theology first of all puts questions about God and man. However, for ages theologians have been also asking questions about the meaning of their own work. One may speak about a peculiar meta-theology that tries to show the role and significance of theology in the life of the Church. The most frequently given answers to the questions about the meaning and character of theology oscillate around the concept of rationality. In such a view theology is a normal human process of making revealed truths understandable for people of a given epoch. However, it seems that such a vision of theology is tantamount to extremely simplifying it and to making it superficial. The question about the significance of theology may only be answered in the light of faith. This light allows seeing theology as a God’s gift, a charisma that helps the Church read the signs of the times and prophetically interpret the Biblical Revelation for a given epoch and culture. A theologian participates in a special charisma, so he should be perceived first of all as one who performs a special service of the word in the Church, and only then as a scholar. Such a charismatic position of theology allows reminding with full strength that the first and fundamental theologian is the Holy Spirit.
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    The ‘Stranger’ as a Challenge for Communion Ecclesiology
    Nadbrzeżny, Antoni (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    In this paper, the author deals with the question of communion ecclesiology in the context of the current migration crisis in Europe. Contextual theology based on the correlation method tries to develop the understanding of the Church’s essence and mission by using the ecclesiological model called communion and putting it in the contemporary social context. The notion of the ‘stranger’ introduced by the sociologists into the public discourse seems to be very operative and useful category for ecclesiology as well. The first part of the article presents the phenomenon of the stranger in sociological perspective. The second part discusses Jesus as Sacrament of God in the encounter with strangers. The author analyses Jesus’ words and his attitude to strangers and socially alienated people. The third part describes the Church as the sacrament of responsibility and open home for strangers and poor people. The Church can be also understood as the mother with a heart open especially to those who suffer from war and misery. In the final part of this paper the author presents some pastoral implications. He draws attention to the necessity to enhance the social aspect of Eucharist and to encourage the believers to create the ‘culture of solidarity’ with refugees and strangers in need.
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    Christus totus – Different Ways of Interpretation
    Wołyniec, Włodzimierz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2016)
    The christological title Christus totus seldom appears in modern theology. It seems that the reason for this stems from the lack of precise understanding and interpretation of the very title. Therefore, the article: “Christus totus − different ways of interpretation” is an attempt at the presentation of theological wealth hidden behind it. From ecclesiological aspect, Christus totus expresses the unity of Christ − the Head and Body of the Church. Without covering over the identity of the Divine Person, Jesus Christ must be eternally and inextricably perceived with the Church, which takes over and borrows from its Divine Head new subjectivity. Christus totus, in the anthropological perspective, is a paradigm of the new man. On the one hand, He is the new Adam, a social, corporate being, yet on the other hand, He is a Personality characterized by His total openness to others. Jesus Christ is a man who does not exist for Himself but for others, opening wide the boundaries of His existence. From the cosmic perspective Christus totus is finally cosmic Christ, because He remains in the relation of cause and effect of the entire creation. However, Christ does not fade away in the Universe in any pantheistic sense, but remains in it, being present as the incarnated Son of the Father, performing real transformation of the Universe into New Heaven and New Earth.