The Biblical Annals

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An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of 1 Enoch
Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2019)
The article contains elementary information concerning the manuscripts of 1 Enoch, their editions, and scientific literature that deals with the topic. The presentation begins with the list of larger bibliographic collections concerning the Enochic writings, then the Aramaic witnesses preserved in 11 manuscripts found in Qumran Cave 4 are shortly discussed and pertinent information concerning their edition is given. The rest of the study adduces basic details about the manuscripts that contain the translation of the original Aramaic and the history of their publication. By offering a general perspective on the manuscripts of 1 Enoch, with special attention focused on Aramaic evidence, the article leads the reader through the textually and linguistically complicated history of text transmission of this important Jewish composition.
Funkcja 1Hen 9,1-3 w strukturze literackiej mitu o upadłych aniołach 1Hen 6-11
Domka, Natalia (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2019)
The article analyzes the structure of 1 En. 9:1-3 and its function within the larger structure of the myth of the fallen Watchers (1 En. 6–11). The short text introduces the four angels on the scene, their perception of the miserable state of humanity, and the reception of human complaint directed to God. The positive presentation of the four angels can be contrasted by the negative presentation of the fallen Watchers in 1 En. 6:2-3.7-8. On the other hand, 1 En. 9:1-3 is related to 1 En. 10:1-16 where the same four angels receive from God the divine commissioning. Since it introduces the decisive turn in the myth narrative thread, 1 En. 9:1-3 divides the myth into two parts, which implies the symmetric disposition of the myth.
Knowledge Transmission in the Context of the Watchers’ Sexual Sin with the Women in 1 Enoch 6-11
Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2012)
The first part of this research scrutinizes previous scholarly opinions concerning the belonging of the motif of instruction to the original narrative. While the conclusions of especially Nickelsburg and Hanson are negative, the mainly thematic criterion used by them in the separation of the literary strata indicates that they could not see any thematic connection between the Watchers and the motif of knowledge transmission. The second part of the research shows the interrelationship between the mythological origins of scribal and medical knowledge transmission in cuneiform sources and the response of Jewish priests in Babylonia. The latter group rejected Babylonian cuneiform arts and opted for Aramaic type of knowledge with the creation of a different ideal scribe from before the flood (Enoch), different transcendent channel of knowledge transmission (angels faithful to God), and different channel of knowledge transmission from father to son in patriarchal and Levitical genealogies. The third part of the research explores the metaphorical meaning of especially the “great sin” of “fornication” committed by the Watchers. The sin of fornication with women and successive defilement of the Watchers have to be interpreted in relation to the metaphorical, not literal, meaning of these terms found in the biblical account where they often figuratively express apostasy from the God of Israel and idolatrous relationship with other gods.
The Literary Structure of the Flood Account in the Animal Apocalypse
Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
This article discusses the literary structure of the flood account (1 En. 89:1b–9) in the Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 85–90). Since the Qumran Aramaic text of the story (4Q206 frags. 8 Iand 9) has preserved ashorter text than that found in the ancient Ethiopic version, the study of the literary additions found therein is also undertaken. Although the Aramaic text of the flood account is not free from some redactional elaborations of the literary structure of the story, the literary additions in the Ethiopic version expand the shorter structure, especially in the first part of the account (strophes 2–4). The insertion of new cosmic elements into the story (heavenly roof and earthly enclosure) creates a well-circumscribed space where the punishment of humanity, sons of the Watchers and animals by the waters of the flood takes place (strophe 4). Thus, the Ethiopic longer recension of the flood account is far more distant from the shorter text of 4Q206. The last part of this study takes acloser look at the literary context of the flood story that closes the first part of the Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 85:3b–89:9) and preannounces its second section (1 En. 89:10–90:19) marred by the shedding of blood and violence between the nations and Israel.
Zawodowa wiedza Asaela (1 Hen. 8,1) i jej relacja do starożytnej Mezopotamii
Drawnel, Henryk (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2013)
In 1 En. 8:1 one of the fallen Watchers, Asael, teaches humanity about the elaboration of metals, precious stones, and the use of minerals and dyes. In order to understand the reasons for the presentation of his professional skills, it seems necessary to analyze the cultural background of that Enochic tradition in the context of the Late Babylonian temple, with its large and skilled workforce used for the upkeep of cultic, economic and military activities. The Aramaic terminology in 1 En. 6:8 and 8:1 recovered from 4Q201 properly corresponds to what we now know about the functioning of the Babylonian artisans working for, and in cooperation with, the Late Babylonian temple.

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