Studia Bydgoskie, 2011, Tom 5

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Anna Lewicka-Strzałecka, Nędza korupcji, Wydawnictwo SALWATOR, Kraków 2011, ss. 104.
Głuszak, Tomasz (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Biblia i kultura
Starowieyski, Marek (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
The Bible is the most frequently translated and studied book in the world. As far as its translations are concerned, these often provided starting points for the literature of a nation, for example that of Armenia. Furthermore, the Bible has often been translated by the world’s foremost writers and those translations rank among the most outstanding literary masterpieces of nations. The Scriptures can be regarded from the point of view of religion (naturally, the most important meaning), history and literature, but also from the perspective of their influence on various aspects of life including culture in its broad sense – thus both on art and language. It does not mean, however, that those different viewpoints are contradictory – in fact, they are usually complementary. If we consider art, the Bible has always been a source of inspiration not only for Christian artists of all denominations, but also for Jews and non-believers. Artists selected those elements from the Scriptures which they considered important, even though they were not always significant from a theological point of view. The Bible was studied and commented upon in the Church, hence its influence on language. The liturgy used Bible-based religious songs; this led to the emergence of biblical music, which then left churches and became great concert works. Churches required artistic decorations; as a result, religious and biblical art appeared, which also left churches afterwards. The Scriptures used to inspire writers and poets, who composed works based on biblical motifs or with Bible-related titles. Finally, biblical subject matter appeared in film and even in ballet. Therefore, we may say the Bible has always provided the matrix for European culture and constituted its significant component, and its knowledge is key to understanding culture. All those issues are discussed in the book Tradycje biblijne (“Biblical Traditions”) Kraków 2011 (published by PETRUS), p. 518, with a foreword by Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi. The presentation of the book in Bydgoszcz provided an opportunity to deliver this lecture.
Bp Zbigniew Kiernikowski, W mocy słowa i sakramentu. Biblijne inspiracje współczesnego duszpasterstwa, Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne (RSB) 40, Oficyna Wydawnicza „Vocatio”, Warszawa 2011, ss. 622.
Chrostowski, Marcin (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Cierpienie zwierząt w kontekście etyki chrześcijańskiej
Sprutta, Justyna (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Nowadays animal torment is considered a sin. Today animals also have their rights, for example the right to respect and right to care. Consent to animal torment had, and often still has, its sources in misinterpreted biblical orders and in the views of certain outstanding thinkers (for example St. Thomas of Aquinas, Descartes and N. de Malebranche). The problem of needless animal suffering requires a reconsideration in the context of Christian ethics. While creating nature, thus animals as well, God provided it with great dignity, which we should respect and not destroy. Therefore every person should be responsible for nature, and thus for animals as well, since nature has also been called to participate in the glory of God.
Co z tą własnością? Moralne dylematy dotyczące własności
Gocko, Jerzy (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
The article presents a historical and systematic approach to major ethical questions on the nature of ownership. Any moral reflection on the issue is frameworked by the right to private property on the one hand, which the Church regards as one of the natural rights, and the principle of the common destiny of goods (destinatio communis) on the other. Both principles also point to the dual nature of ownership: its individual character, which serves a person’s good and helps satisfy human needs; as well as its social aspect, which has public good in mind. The principles along with the supreme principle of the dignity of the human person provide foundations for numerous detailed moral norms that regulate the nature of ownership. Their formulation was facilitated among others by reflections on the theology of the creation, the biblical tradition of jubilees (jubilee years), the dispute over usury and numerous references to the social teachings of the Church ranging from Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum to Benedict XVI’s encyclical Caritas in Veritate.
Duszpasterstwo biblijne w archidiecezji gnieźnieńskiej. Dzieło Biblijne im. Jana Pawła II (2006–2011)
Podeszwa, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Pope Benedict XVI’s exhortation Verbum Domini reminded all the Church communities of the need to develop Bible-focused pastoral work. Following the guidelines of the Synod on the Word of God in the Life and the Mission of the Church, the pope encourages clergy and lay people to undertake this effort and expresses a deep conviction that “making the Bible the inspiration of every ordinary and extraordinary pastoral outreach will lead to a greater awareness of the person of Christ, who reveals the Father and is the fullness of divine revelation”. The article presents various Bible-inspired activities devised and implemented in the Archdiocese of Gniezno in 2006-2011, and included the following programmes: 1. The Word of God School; 2. biblical retreat and workshops for catechists; 3. St Paul’s Year; 4. Archdiocesan Biblical Days; 5. biblical competitions; 6. other activities. All those initiatives may provide an inspiration, or even a suggestion, for other diocesan moderators and indicate possible areas of effective cooperation so as to return to the Bible while conducting all forms of pastoral care ministry.
Dystansowanie się wierzących wobec swojego Kościoła. Próba zrozumienia zjawiska
Salij, Jacek (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
The article points to three causes of this trend today: 1. Crisis in people’s faith in Jesus Christ. Today many Catholics regard Christ as a vaguely defined transcendental code rather than the Son of God and the Saviour. As a result, the “yes to Christ, no to the Church” approach often emerges and is backed by individualism, an attitude characteristic of our times. Consequently, Church membership becomes a question of cultural identity rather than an essential religious fact. 2. The tendency to reduce faith to the level of belief. This decreases sensitivity to religious truth and results in a selective approach towards the Church’s faith and morality. As a consequence, religious practices are radically reduced and religious celebrations become as rare as those in ancient pagan religions. 3. The constant defamation of the Church observed since the Enlightenment period. Stereotypes present the Church as if it were a criminal organization. In social consciousness the Church, which has long been part of local communities, is blamed for many of those historical faults that lie with the entire society. The mass media make headline news of evil acts committed by people related to the Church, frequently exaggerating them and sometimes even creating so-called media facts, which have never taken place. Thus, for many Catholics open admission to Church membership is not easy.
Jeden świat wiele kultur. Dialog kultur, cywilizacji, religii w dobie globalizacji. Relacja z konferencji naukowej, która odbyła się w dniach 27–28 października 2011 r. w Bydgoszczy
Kuciński, Mariusz (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Katecheza biblijna w parafii. Wykorzystanie metody katechetycznej ks. Alberta Höfera
Gogolik, Mirosław (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
A close inspection of the present-day pastoral reflection and teaching of the Church’s Magisterium reveals a great concern for the shape, character and tasks of parish congregations in the Catholic Church. Apart from numerous functions and tasks, a lot of attention is paid to the catechetical service which the parish renders and is held responsible for. In this way, the vision of the Church of early days, where religious teaching took place within the framework of the community, a congregation of believers, comes to life. This study aims to present the role of the parish catchesis in the Church’s contemporary activities as well as the dimension of the biblical catechesis in its various forms addressed to different age groups of believers. Undoubtedly, an auxiliary role here is played by Albert Höfer’s biblical catechesis method, based on the assumptions of the kerygmatic catechesis and Gestalt Pedagogy, which introduces those receiving catechetical instruction into the biblical world, allows them to meet the Scriptures, and thus to meet the personal God Himself, as well as encourages them to experience the meeting integrally in their daily lives.
Komu potrzebne jest nauczanie społeczne Kościoła?
Szczepaniak, Sławomir (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Today the Church is often accused of interfering in social issues as if public life were reserved only for a rational approach devoid of any references to religious values. The Church responds to this accusation by claiming the human person as a whole – with his body and spirit – requires care and revival. Therefore, the Church cannot remain silent about social issues, all the more so as today’s society is in a state of unique susceptibility, confusion and anxiety resulting from the loss of the meaning of life. Its social doctrine, which stresses the need for personal and social fulfillment at the same time, may provide a remedy to the ailments of modern social life.
Kościół a młodzież z czasów popkultury. Obawy i nadzieje
Okońska, Elżbieta (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Pop culture affects the way young people see the world and adopt different values. It is also one of the main factors shaping the identity of the young generation. Youth is marked by a search for identity and by the shaping of attitudes towards various institutions, both those existing and under formation, including the Church. What is then the framework of possibilities open to educators – thus priests as well – while operating in the world of pop culture, which is often the only area for activity on the part of a young person? At present we usually observe the negative influence of mass media and pop culture on teenagers; two cases in point are early sexual initiation and experiments with alcohol or other psychoactive substances. However, it is noteworthy that there are several levels of adapting pop culture to suit the educational needs of young people. The article focuses on those methods with special emphasis given to categories such as language; image; advertising and promotion; music; authorities and idols; as well as body, femininity and masculinity.
Logos i etos a integracja człowieka
Jucewicz, Antoni (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
The article focuses on logos and ethos in the context of the integration of the human person. The analysis presented here leads to a perception of man as a rational being in search of the truth of his existence. Personal fulfillment finds its expression on two levels – ideological and ethical. The former depends on man’s discovery of his meaning of life; the latter is based on doing the good which reflects the truth about the human person. Those who do not discover the meaning of their lives and do not follow the ethical order are prone to a grave existential crisis. The article points to strong inseparable connections between logos, ethos and psyche. Therefore, psychotherapy needs to rely on the human person’s spiritual foundations. Personalistic and axiological psychotherapy meets this requirement. In this context, Christian faith is demonstrated as a key factor in human integration both on ideological and practical levels. Those Christians who, in the spirit of their faith, adopt an attitude of openness to the absolute and ultimate meaning of their lives experience strengthening in their existence. Through the power of the Holy Spirit they undergo an ethical metamorphosis. They receive new forms of existence and love, as well as a new dimension in moral life: supernatural morality.
Marek Karczewski, Reinterpretacja Księgi Rodzaju w Apokalipsie św. Jana, Biblioteka Wydziału Teologii Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego, Olsztyn 2010, ss. 256.
Podeszwa, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Marian Pokrywka, Antropologiczne podstawy moralności małżeństwa i rodziny, Lublin 2010, ss. 455.
Smykowski, Krzysztof (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Naród w nauczaniu kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Bilicki, Lech (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Having performed the function of primate for 33 years, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński has come down in the history of both the Church and Poland. As a person of unquestionable authority, he voiced his opinions on ecclesiastical and national issues. It was his standpoint on nation that provided the subject of the lecture given at the Theological Seminary in Bydgoszcz at the inauguration ceremony of the academic year 2011/2012. The concept of nation presented at the lecture demonstrates his strong ties with the Church on the one hand and reveals a unique theology of nation expressed by the Church on the other. This bond was clearly manifested and further shaped through the implementation of a pastoral programme known as the Grand Novena held prior to the Christian millennial celebrations in Poland, which highlighted the major points of Primate Wyszyński’s theology and pedagogy towards the nation.
Podstawy teologiczne i rys historyczny władzy spowiadania
Wętkowski, Krzysztof (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
In its practice and form the sacrament of penance has undergone development over the centuries. However, as far as its essence is concerned, the Church has always held a firm and constant certainty that forgiveness is administered by Christ’s will through sacramental absolution from a dispenser of pardons. The article discusses the theological foundations of the power of granting absolution and briefly presents its history. Until the publication of the new Ordo Paenitentiae (1973), this power was referred to as jurisdiction to grant absolution. The above mentioned document and the Code of Canon Law of 1983 use the term facultas which is translated as authorization or capacity. Therefore, the article title does not contain either of the words. The ministry of the sacrament of penance requires holy orders and authorisation. The issue is very important as it should be remembered – and this concerns dispensers of pardons especially – that the invalid administration of the sacrament means an insult to the sacrament and places the burden of moral blame on the confessor.
Powszechne powołanie do świętości w świetle nauczania św. Josemarii Escrivy de Balaguera
Szukalski, Wojciech (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Saint Josemaria Escrivá de Balaguer, the founder of Opus Dei, is among the precursors of the Second Vatican Council in terms of stressing the role of laity in Church life. Laypeople are called to holiness by meeting their commitments resulting from the ontic truth of being children of God, which is rooted in the mystery of baptism and maintained through care for spiritual life with the help of graces from the other sacraments. In this way, a person becomes like Christ, which also results in the solid and exemplary fulfilment of status-related and professional obligations in daily life.
„Rerum novarum” na tle epoki – jej znaczenie wówczas i dziś
Wiśniewski, Jan (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
The Congress of Vienna (1815) restored ancien regime. The conservatives were opposed by the bourgeoisie, who attempted to release people from the burden of tradition and monarchic absolutism, and to introduce free competition in the economy through the abolition of guild restrictions. It was then that socialism entered history and strove to protect the rapidly increasing working class against economic exploitation (liberalism). The economic crisis in Europe caused revolutionary turmoil among workers, who demanded change of their hopeless situation, which meant social transformations. Revolutionary movements had always resulted from social needs: the bourgeoisie sought influence on political affairs; peasants demanded the abolition of serfdom; while ordinary people wanted freedom from poverty and factory owner rule. Important outbreaks of people’s anger included the July Revolution of 1830, the Spring of Nations in 1848, the workers’ strikes in 1871–1914 and the Russian Revolution of 1905. All this boosted class awareness and subsequent economic crises indirectly helped social-democratic parties grow in prestige and number. They were directed by the International Workingmen’s Association (First International), founded in 1864, whose Statute and Manifesto referred to the 1848 Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx. “Class struggle leads to the dictatorship of the proletariat” (K. Marx), which will be achieved through revolutionary means, as demonstrated by the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. During the July Revolution, a small group of priests and laypeople (Father H. Lacordaire and Blessed F. Ozanam) understood that social structural reforms were necessary (Father Féicité de Lamenais) since charity actions and moral admonitions did not suffice though ordinary Catholics did not notice the true dimensions of workers’ problems. The secularisation of the intelligentsia and the working class made the Church introduce new forms of pastoral care to activate ordinary believers (catechisation), as a result of which ordinary Catholics strengthened their faith and took greater responsibility for the Church. Moreover, the Church had to take a stand on social issues; therefore, on 19 February 1878 the conclave elected Cardinal J. Perci as Pope Leo XIII (died 1903), who had previously written several pastoral letters related to this issue. After three years of his pontificate, on 15 May 1891 he published his encyclical Rerum Novarum, whereas socialists had received their manifesto in 1848, which demonstrates that the Church lagged far behind in terms of workers’ social problems. Some say the document constituted “a timid attempt by the papacy to grasp the meaning of working class issues and a wish to actively participate in their development,’(R. Aubert). The pope’s voice was significant as the supreme moral authority officially proclaimed workers’ rights and stated the injustice of the liberal system. He rejected capitalism with its principle of unconditional profit at the expense of merit pay as well as socialism with its necessity to conduct revolutionary changes through collective ownership of property. From now on many conscious Catholics began to take active involvement in various social activities. An insight into the present labour market reveals that today’s employee has to cope with almost the same issues as a 19th century worker did. These include unemployment; high food prices; low wages insufficient to provide for the family; high rent rates; and the abuse of workers’ rights by extending their daily working hours without remuneration, making them work on Sundays and on public holidays, leave refusal and reduction, non-acceptance of trade unions and serious restrictions on their operations. Those are just some of the ailments of present-day reality.
Słuchanie i głoszenie Słowa Bożego podstawą posługi duszpasterskiej w świetle „Verbum Domini” Benedykta XVI
Chyła, Janusz (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Human words affect the lives of individuals, societies and the entire world. Their power is derived from the Word of God. In his exhortation Verbum Domini Pope Benedict XVI puts God’s Word in the framework of a symphony. This symphony can have both a verbal and implicit form, but it always refers to a person. Paraphrasing the famous Cartesian axiom, we might say: Dico ergo sum (I speak, therefore I am). However, in terms of the order of creation and salvation this postulate is as follows: Dicor ergo sum (I am spoken, therefore I am). We are indeed expressed by God and thus called to listen to His Word and then respond to it. The present-day lack of faith in the efficacy of the proclaimed Word leads to activist attitudes which appear to be more effective. Although the Church requires a practical approach in various areas, what it needs the most is the Word – the Logos – which brings hope against the temptations of despair. The Word of God reaches the world via preaching, the Holy Sacraments, everyday life, culture, art and the mass media. Saints and above all Our Lady have mastered the ability to listen to God’s Word, proclaim it and live by it. Therefore, imitating them should constitute the essence of preparation for the priesthood and future pastoral work. Clearly, fulfilment of the priestly ministry is a visible and audible sign of the Word of God.
Sługa Boży Ojciec Klaudiusz Franciszek Poullart des Places – patron niezdecydowanych
Walkusz, Marek (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2011)
Claudius Francis Poullart des Places was born in Rennes in 1679 and lived only 30 years. He left only a few writings, but abundant in content, which allows us to get to know him. He was the only son, born to a wealthy family. Extremely talented, well-liked and often invited to various meetings, he had enormous potential to make a great career in secular life. An important fact in the formation of his character and spirituality was that Claudius met exceptional people on his way, including Louis Marie de Montfort, who later became a saint and a great worshiper of the Virgin Mary. Poullart des Places went through various spiritual stages, but he ultimately chose the path of the priesthood, which his father would not accept. Faithful to Christ’s call to the priesthood, he dedicated his entire life to performing acts of mercy. In 1703 he founded a Holy Spirit Seminary in Paris, which admitted poor boys with vocations to the priesthood. In the new poor community, Claudius made efforts to maintain high spiritual and intellectual standards. Poullart worked on a par with other brethren in the community. On his way Claudius encountered numerous difficulties that resulted from spiritual weakening and external adversities. With perseverance, prayer and an open attitude to God and to other human beings, he successfully went through those trials, however. Poullart des Places died in 1709 and was buried in a common grave. He remained poor until the end. In 1848, the Congregation of the Holy Spirit established by Father Claudius Poullart des Places merged with the Association of the Sacred Heart of Mary, founded by the Servant of God Father Francis Libermann, which had similar apostolic goals. At present about 3,000 missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the care of the Immaculate Heart of Mary work on all continents. Many young people are at the crossroads of life and ask for directions. One of the best signposts for today’s generation is Claudius F. P. des Places, who lived more than 300 years ago. While on the threshold of a new life, it is seemingly better to cross it without far-reaching commitments. But can a person be fully happy without a noble goal, one that is achieved through toil?

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