Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne, 2011, T. 3 (58)

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Katecheza ukierunkowana na stawianie pytań – kształtowanie „postawy pytajności” wśród uczniów
Mendyk, Marek (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Catechesis that is open to man and his development is in close contact with the catechized one, who not only profits from it, but at the same time takes part in creating it. In the field of revealing problems, as well as of asking questions, the catechized ones, especially young people, have to overcome several difficulties: first they have to realize the problem, then to formulate it, and finally, to put it into words in the face of the catechist, or even of the whole group. Each of these stages encounters some difficulties. Especially, when particular stages are accompanied by fear connected with formulating the problem itself, or fear of the reaction of the group. In all these stages the catechist should help the catechized one: he should facilitate the realization of the existing problem, then he should help to formulate it, and especially to ask the question. There is a possibility that the catechist, using the proper introduction, will lead the catechized one to the situation in which he will feel the problem and formulate the question. Contemporary catechesis may only be realized in the form of a dialogue of the catechized ones and the catechist, in their mutual openness to reality and to each other. The dialogue is inherent in the essence of catechesis.
Czym i dla-kogo jest szczęście?
Maryniarczyk, Andrzej (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Happiness is the subject of consideration in many branches of study. Starting from literature and books of the Bible, and going to the area of theology and philosophy, and especially philosophical anthropology and ethics, as well as humanities, such as psychology, pedagogy and others – we encounter various interpretations of it. The deliberations contained in the present article have been situated on the area of philosophical anthropology, that is metaphysics of man, which means that for this type of analysis it is necessary to connect them with a realistic understanding of man, who, being a personal being, consisting of soul and body, is a manifold potentiality that he actualizes by his autonomous – free and conscious – activities. In the analyses the reader’s attention has been called to the fact that the fulfillment of man’s personal life is a result of various human activities, including scientific-cognitive ones, undertaken in various research areas. For this reason the one gets happiness who tries to be fulfilled as a man: in his cognitive life – discovering the Ultimate Truth; in his emotional life – being united in love with the Supreme Good, and in his contemplative examination – clinging to the Supreme Beauty. Presentation of these problems is preceded with citing the main trends in explaining the issue of happiness that we encounter in philosophy.
Duszpasterstwo rodzin osób niepełnosprawnych
Lipiec, Dariusz (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The Church points to the fact that disabled people have the right to get married and start a family. This right results from those people’s personal dignity that has been given to them by God – the Creator. The possibility to start marital-familial communities by the disabled is a challenge for pastorate, as disability of the spouse negatively influences the realization of all the functions of the family. The basic role in the pastorate of the families of disabled people is played by the parish. Parish pastors should meet the spiritual and material needs of the disabled and their families. Their work should be permanent and systematic. Pastorate realized on the higher level, especially on the level of the diocese, has a great significance. It complements parish pastorate, meeting the spiritual, psychological, rehabilitation and social needs of the disabled and their families. A similar role is played by associations and foundations that are guided in their work by the Church’s social teaching.
Nurty badań empirycznych kulowskiej katechetyki (1970-2010)
Kulpaczyński, Stanisław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
With reference to General Catechetical Directory (14, 30, 32) currents of studies from 1970 to 2010 are shown. The current of empirical studies of catechetics at the CUL was begun by Professor Stefan Kunowski. Next, Rev. Mieczysław Majewski studied the following issues: realization of catechetical revival of the Vatican Council II; acceptance of moral-religious values by young people; the level of religious knowledge in the catechized young people with mild mental disability; young people’s views of catechesis; conflicts in young people; the sense of meaning of life; catechesis in various milieus. Rev. Stanisław Kulpaczyński’s currents of research, on the other hand, are the following: catechesis in young people’s awareness; conflicts in young people and attempts to overcome them at catechesis; educational aspects of friendship, comradeship and love; catechetic formation in the catechists’ awareness; the parents’ cooperation in catechization; catechization preparing for marriage; catechetic notebooks; young people’s personal models; young people’s Eucharistic attitudes; drawing in catechesis; assessing at catechesis; the image of the catechist in young people’s opinion; conscience in young people’s awareness; the prayer of the catechized ones; catechetical methods in the catechists’ opinion; the meaning of life; religious-moral values in pupils with mild mental disability; angelology and demonology; knowledge of Jesus Christ; reception of religious symbols by pupils; the sacrament of penance and reconciliation in young people’s opinion; young people’s attitude towards their coevals’ alcoholism; drug addiction in the catechized ones’ awareness. Master’s and doctoral dissertations as well as books and articles are the effect of many studies. Among the 209 masters and 61 doctors Rev. M. Majewski has promoted 15% wrote dissertations based on empirical studies, among the 330 masters and 57 doctors Rev. S. Kulpaczyński has promoted – 51%, and in the case of Sister H. Wrońska – empirical studies were the basis for 44 master and 1 doctoral dissertations. These studies should be appreciated and continued.
Życie i działalność naukowo-dydaktyczna prof. dr hab. Haliny Wrońskiej CMW
Kiciński, Andrzej (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Badania podręczników do nauki religii w świetle zmian programowych
Szpet, Jan (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
In 2008 the Minister for National Education accepted the new Basis for General Education, which caused that a revisal of the Basis for the Curriculum of Catechesis was necessary. In the amended form it was approved of by the Conference of the Episcopate of Poland in March 2010. This fact issues a challenge for catechists and handbook authors to reflect on the existing teaching aids. It is an opportunity to undertake both an in-depth theoretical analysis and empirical studies of the handbooks. Basically, studies of a handbook may be conducted in two planes: theoretical and empirical. The former one, basic in the study procedure, allows a confrontation of the features of the handbook with the assumed theoretical model, which makes it possible to provisionally assess it. The analysis is concerned with the assessment of the choice and correctness of its contents; with the definition of its aim and function, correctness of its structure, its conformity with the curriculum, methodical approach, and the quality of its layout. In empirical studies it is important to study the teaching and learning effects being the result of the use of the chosen handbook or its elements. Also, the effects may be compared of the use of several handbooks, or the teaching – learning effects without using them, or a comparison may be made of the effects of the use of other teaching aids. The basic question is: what to study and how to study it. The answer to the former of these questions is the object of studies that is characteristic from the didactic point of view. The answer to the latter one is concerned with study methods and tools useful in verification of handbooks.
Doświadczenia dziecka związane z przyrodą wyrażone w modlitwie
Stala, Józef; Osewska, Elżbieta (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Die Natur ist für das Kind im Vorschulalter wie auch in den ersten Grundschuljahren eine neue, unbekannte Welt, die ihm gleichzeitig Raum für vergleichende und faszinierende Erlebnisse bietet. In diesem Zusammenhang präsentiert der vorliegende Artikel den Problemkreis um Grunderfahrungen des Kindes, die mit der Welt der Natur in Verbindung stehen. Werden derartige Erfahrungen entsprechend interpretiert, so finden sie nachfolgend im spontanen Gebet des Kindes ihren Ausdruck. Deshalb wird die Welt der Natur zunächst als Quelle der Faszination und Freude für das Kind vorgestellt und anschließend als Motiv für Anbetung und Danksagung.
Ks. Konrad Dyrda. Modlitewna formacja katechetów. Tarnów: Biblos 2008 ss. 298. ISBN 978-83-733264-2-2.
Stala, Józef (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Diakonat stały w Polsce – eksperyment czy przywrócenie właściwego i trwałego stopnia hierarchicznego w Kościele?
Śmigiel, Wiesław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
After the Vatican Council II in the Catholic Church the service of permanent deacons has been restored. In the world there are over 37 thousand of them. In Poland the first deacons were ordained in 2008. The service of permanent deacons is the restoration of the permanent and proper level of holy orders, and in consequence it consolidates and enriches the hierarchical structure. At the same time it is a gift for the whole Church understood as a community of complementary states, offices, services and charismas. In Poland, for various reasons, there is a risk that permanent deaconate will be treated as a pastoral experiment. If this happens so, it would be a damage to the development and the deserved place for the deacons’ service, but also in a way it would be wasting the chance to consolidate the communal character of the Church.
Katecheza rodzinna i jej wpływ na przygotowanie do życia małżeńskiego i rodzinnego
Pyźlak, Grzegorz (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The documents of the Church devote a lot of space to marriage and family. They show marriage and family as natural communities that cannot be substituted by any other institutions. They also point to the necessity of the Christian formation of all the subjects of Church life, among which the first place is taken by family. Introduction into the full Christian life of children, young people and adults is done during the family catechesis. It is a contingent, immediate and practical teaching of religious truths in the family home. This task is first of all the parents’ responsibility; in this way they pass the exam in their religious education and educational skills. Grandparents, elder siblings, as well as the school and the parish help the parents. Family catechesis also effects the preparation for marital and family life. It is a way to revive families for Christian life, to look properly at the preparation to marriage, to live in sanctity and to fulfill the marital and family duties conscientiously.
Chrześcijanin świadkiem miłości w świecie. Refleksja pastoralna na podstawie encyklik papieża Benedykta XVI
Przygoda, Wiesław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Every Christian as a member of Christ’s Church is called to give real testimony about God who is love (1 J 4, 8. 16). This is because God established the Church so that it could be the proponent of the truth and the propagator of God’s love in the world. The testimony of Christian love requires more than a verbal declaration; it requires deeds (1 J 3, 18). The living faith and strong hope is the foundation of Christian testimony of love, and its important manifestation is the Christians’ social life. This is why the Church, from the beginning of its history, not only propagated the truth with the word, but also performed charity service among poor people and ones who needed aid. The Christian caritas and volunteering are an important form of Christian testimony, strengthening the credibility of God’s word preached in the Church. Both volunteers and all Christians need a constant Christian and charity formation.
„Szkoły katechetyczne” we wczesnym chrześcijaństwie
Murawski, Roman (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Catechetical institutions were established even in ancient Christianity. They were so-called theological schools, also called – among others by Eusebius – catechetical schools. They were founded by Christian thinkers, philosophers, who in this way wanted to make a contribution to evangelization. We know that such a school in Rome in the middle of the 2nd century was run by St Justin. However, the schools in Alexandria and the Palestinian Caesarea, and especially Origen’s educational and catechetical work in them, are best known. Both the Alexandrian and Caesarean schools raise discussions about their character among scholars. At present the opinion is dominant that not so much a catechetical school expressis verbis should be seen in them, but rather a missionary school for young people of pagan origin sympathizing with Christianity, where a kind of introduction to Christian religion was taught, and the teaching started from the common foundation of Greek philosophy. As such, it taught theological truths, preparing the pupils to pre-baptismal catechesis.
Odkrywanie własnej godności formą wspierania rozwoju osoby
Marek, Zbigniew (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Supporting the development of a person is done by undertaking manifold educational activities. One kind of them are activities tending to show the pupil his dignity. In looking for explanations of the problem one may be based on the acceptance of two orders of cognition: the natural one and the religious one. On the basis of the presented explanations it may be said that the religious view of the world may significantly support the processes of personal development, of achieving human maturity, and the abilities to take over responsibility in social life that are connected with them. This statement does not have the features of an absolute value, as cases that are contrary to this thesis may appear in these issues. Nevertheless, the fact that the religious (Christian) view of the world opens a more complete access to Transcendence – the source of the ultimate truth, including the truth about himself – to a person weighs in favor of the possibility that religion may support such development. It may also be assumed that in education referring to religious principles and norms we can see man and the world, in which he has to develop and live, in a different, more complete way. And what is more, the Christian view of the world envisions a person’s new meaning of his or her life.
Ks. Marian Nowak, Ewa Domagała - Zyśk. European Social Work – State of the art and future challenges. Lublin: Gaudium 2010 ss. 248. ISBN 978-83-929868-0-5.
Goliszek, Piotr (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Powołanie jako istotny problem współczesnej katechezy
Dziekoński, Stanisław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The term “vocation” may be understood in many different ways, and in Christianity, most generally, calling a man by God to lead a certain way of life or to perform certain tasks, is defined in this way. Forming the calling, or vocation, although it is a distinct activity, is also closely connected with other aims and tasks of Christian education realized in catechesis. This means that in order to understand and to realize the calling that God directs to a Christian, formation is significant that touches all the dimensions or spheres that are distinguished in the structure of a man as a person; with activities connected with moral education of a child, with prayer and the practice of love, and with manifold forms of education in faith having immediate significance. These questions are at the foundations of setting tasks to modern catechesis that not only aims at making it possible for the catechized one to assimilate faith, but forms the proper attitude of a Christian life and stimulates the fruit of sanctity.
Miłość jako wartość moralna w pracy edukacyjnej nauczyciela religii
Zellma, Anna (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The religion teacher performs a significant role in religion teaching at school. One of the meaningful elements of this service is love understood as moral value. Hence, answers have been sought to the following questions: what role is played by love in the religion teacher’s educational work? What factors condition the religion teacher’s educational work that is inspired by love? Answering these questions first the author tried to explain the terms that are key ones for the issue addressed in the present article, i.e. “love”, “value”, “the religion teacher’s work”. She refers here to personalistic philosophy and pedagogy as well as to theology. Against the background of these concepts the questions that are fundamental for the catechetical service are shown, as they are based on Christian axiology. It is shown that love understood first of all as an encounter with another man, affirmation of his person, being a gift for him, showing kindness to him, appears as a significant moral value in the religion teacher’s educational work. It is in the center of catechetical service and protects one from pragmatism or instrumentalism, contributing to building genuine bonds with God and with another man.
Dobre i złe konflikty w grupie katechetycznej
Zając, Marian (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Situations of conflict in the educational environment appear for a number of different reasons, and their transmissions in the media cause their escalation, as they present abrasive people as modern heroes. Up till now there have been attempts to explain conflicts by means of the existing concepts that belong to the sphere of dynamics of the group. However, it has to be remembered that a conflict is a clash caused by different attitudes, aims, or ways of acting. Anywhere where people show any aspirations conflicts are unavoidable. Controversies are not aroused by a man who does not do anything, or who has suppressed all his creative activities. From this perspective it can clearly be seen that conflicts may also be creative. Avoiding this type of conflicts systematically may lead to making the group barren, to a standstill and to a groove that has a destructive effect. When one has a difficult choice between repressions and democracy, God himself arouses hope, when he announces: “I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh” (Ezek 36, 26-28). In this way he foretells the possibility of reaching true harmony in the life of every human community. Solving situations of conflict in a catechetical group may happen through the acceptance of the seven factors that are the conditions for the prevalence of good spirit in the group. In this way the conflicted group may be shown good perspectives of its development.
Przemiany współczesnej kultury jako wyzwanie dla wychowania religijnego w szkole
Tomasik, Piotr (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The author gives a general discussion of modern changes of culture, stressing especially their social and religious implications; he shows the effect of the changes on education and defines the tasks of religion teaching and generally of religious education that are necessary in the described situation. He ascribes a special significance to the truth as the foundation of both Christian religious education and school education.
Problem agresji w wychowaniu religijno-moralnym
Słotwińska, Helena (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The article starts with a presentation of various definitions of aggression. Then the author presents different divisions of aggression, the factors that cause it, and the circles, in which aggression most often occurs. The next stage is presenting aggression as moral evil, to which a believer may not be indifferent. Counteracting aggression and stopping the aggression that already exists, is the last part of the present article. The definitions quoted in the article allow one to understand better not only the concept of aggression, but also its causes and results. The knowledge of the specific circles and of the factors causing aggression is very significant in the educational process. Every aggressive act, or even the intention to commit it, is morally evil. The awareness of this should incline both the teachers and the pupils to counteract aggression, as well as to refrain from aggressive acts, or weaken the aggressive acts that already exist.
Sytuacja i perspektywy katechezy w Europie
Panuś, Tadeusz (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
The article is a form of searching for proper tools for evangelization and catechetic work. At the same time it joins the current of realization of the tasks of catechetical service that are mentioned in the Roman General Catechetical Directory (analysis of pastoral activities, analysis of the religious situation, social-cultural analysis, formulating the program of work, working out tools and teaching aids for the needs of catechization (cf. General Catechetical Directory 279- 283) and is a proof of the fact that reflection on the situation of catechesis in Europe continues and that it should bear fruit. Social transformations that have occurred in Europe make the former structure of the Church not so effective as far as its pastoral work is concerned. There is the need to transform the model of the Church into such one that would be more adequate to minority structure of Christians in countries where such a situation is obtaining now. In the light of the above factors it seems that it is impossible to create a uniform model of catechesis for all Europe.

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