Seminare, 2025, Tom 46, nr 2

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Sociological Research on the Occurrence of Violence and the State of Security Among Young Men of the Youth Educational Centre (MOW-46) in Trzciniec (Poland): Research Report as a Presentation of the First Stage of Situation Analysis and Recommendations for Practical Solutions
Chamarczuk, Mariusz; Łodzińska, Jolanta (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The presented text describes sociological research on the occurrence of acts of violence and the state of security among pupils of the Salesian Educational Centre of St. John Bosco in Trzciniec (Poland). The research was commissioned by the centre’s management in a letter dated 8 February 2025 addressed to Head of the Department of Health Sociology and Social Work at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. After developing a research tool in the form of a mixed non-standardised questionnaire containing 20 questions tailored to the content of the commissioned research topic, qualitative research was conducted at the centre in Trzciniec. The study involved 56 pupils in the following age groups: a) up to 15 years old – 1, b) 16-18 years old – 55, c) 19-21 years old – 0, in groups according to school classes Youth Educational Centre. The research was conducted by a researcher from the Institute of Sociology at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, preceded by pilot interviews with pupils indicated by the management.
Crime Against the Family and Care: A Theoretical and Empirical Approach (Przestępczość przeciwko rodzinie i opiece w ujęciu teoretyczno-empirycznym), ed. Barbara Małgorzata Kałdon, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Press, Warszawa 2023, ISBN: 978-83-8281-234-3.
Mróz, Małgorzata (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Catholic Youth Ministry in the United States Today: Paths of Renewal through Dialogue and Engagement with Protestant Models (La Pastorale Giovanile Cattolica negli Stati Uniti oggi. Verso il suo rinnovamento a confronto e in dialogo con i modelli protestanti), ed. Paweł Wątor, LAS, Roma 2025, ISBN: 978-88-213-1639-5.
Formella, Zbigniew (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Resilience and Subjective Stress Among University Students: The Moderating Role of Sex
Boczkowska, Magdalena; Kulawska, Ewa (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Introduction: The increasing level of stress among the university student population represent a major concern for both psychological wellbeing and academic functioning. Within this framework, resilience serves as a crucial protective factor, facilitating effective coping with adversity and mitigating the negative impact of stress. This research aims to examine the association between resilience and stress, with a specific focus on sex-based differences. Methods: The study was conducted in 2023 and included 389 university students (55% female, 45% male). The mean age of the participants was 21.5 years (SD = 4.14). Data were collected via an anonymous online survey. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Resilience Scale (RS-14) were administered. Results: A high prevalence of stress was noted in 58.6% of the participants. Females exhibited statistically significantly greater levels of stress than males. Furthermore, the moderation analysis indicated that sex moderates the association between resilience and stress; however, this effect was specific to males. Discussion: These findings highlight the necessity of considering gender differences in research on stress and resilience, as well as in designing psychological interventions. Such interventions should be adapted to address the distinct needs and coping mechanisms of both male and female university students.
Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, their Right to Human Rights: Personal Assistant’s Work Context
Baczała, Ditta; Chruszczewska, Klaudia (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Background: The fundamental rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities are being restricted, including the right to work, housing and cultural participation. This situation can be changed by developing personal assistance. Objective of the study: To find out the extent to which people with intellectual disabilities realize their basic rights with the support of a personal assistant. Methods: The study involved 13 adults (11 in early adulthood and 2 in middle adulthood) with intellectual disabilities. The study was designed using an interpretive approach and a focus interview method. Participants answered questions related to work and employment, housing and cultural participation in the context of personal assistance. Results: Participants felt that a personal assistant is essential in finding work and employment, using assisted housing and enabling and facilitating participation in cultural life. Conclusions: Personal assistance enables individuals with intellectual disabilities to execute their fundamental rights, and the results can help state agencies prepare comprehensive strategies to support this social group.
Family Determinants of Sports Consumption in the Sociological Aspect
Dziubiński, Zbigniew (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The aim of the work is to characterize the family as a social group reproducing attitudes and behaviours in the field of sports. More precisely, to show the family socio-cultural variables that determine sports consumption. The work presents the basic social issues that have a decisive impact on the participation of the family in sports consumption, namely the types of families, their structure, power, but also the types of families and the differences and inequalities that exist between them. The work is of a review-theoretical nature, in which existing empirical data constituting scientific theories, as well as data generated by earlier social researchers, were used. To solve the formulated research problem, the method of critical analysis of literature was used, but also, as a kind of auxiliary, the inductive and deductive method and the synthetic and analytical method. The conducted analyses show that the positioning of families in the social structure is of fundamental importance from the point of view of preparing the younger generation for sports consumption. The high position of the family in the social structure in terms of class, status and strata, the high position in social stratification in terms of access to such social resources as education, profession, wealth and social prestige, is a circumstance that favours socialisation to sports consumption and, in a sense, guarantees the participation of the family and its members in sports culture. The low position of the family in the social structure adversely affects the process of socialisation to sports consumption and, in some cases, makes it a socialisation to not participate in it.
Red Pill Community as a Spiritual Community
Jaworska, Weronika; Brzezińska, Natalia (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The secularisation of contemporary Western societies has led to the disintegration of traditional forms of spirituality and the emergence of a “transcendental void” filled by alternative spiritual communities. One such phenomenon is the Red Pill Community, functioning within the socalled manosphere. This study aims to explore the spiritual dimension of this community and to determine how it assumes functions typically associated with religious groups. The research employs a qualitative content analysis of the statements made by Andrew Tate – one of the leading figures of the manosphere – combined with discourse analysis focused on the categories of identity and axiology. The findings indicate that the Red Pill Community constructs a nonconformist belief system in which initiatory practices, narratives of self-realisation, and responses to existential questions play a central role. The group’s online forums serve a communal function and facilitate effective recruitment of new members. The results allow for interpreting the Red Pill Community as a form of new digital spirituality that responds to the contemporary crisis of religion and identity. Despite lacking a direct reference to the sacred, this community fulfils functions typical of religious groups by using new technologies to shape a sense of belonging and meaning.
Young People in Cyberspace: Threats and Opportunities
Pindel, Edyta; Stańkowski, Bogdan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article examines the presence of young people in cyberspace, presenting it as an environment of both multidimensional risks and developmental opportunities. The study aims to analyse the functions that the Internet fulfils in the lives of the young generation, with reference to its instrumental, socialization, and entertainment roles, as well as to identify problematic phenomena resulting from excessive (problematic) use of interactive media. The paper draws on a review of the literature and the findings of recent empirical research. The findings indicate that the Internet has become a natural environment for youth socialization and identity formation, enabling the development of passions, the broadening of horizons, the establishment and maintenance of relationships, and access to knowledge. Moreover, the virtual world has been primarily designed and adapted to meet the needs of young people in their pursuit of personal, social, psychological, and even physical well-being. At the same time, growing concerns are raised about Internet addiction, escapism, neglect of responsibilities, emotional and relational disturbances, as well as exposure to violent content, misinformation, disorganization, risky behaviours, and even self-destructive tendencies. Health and psychosocial consequences such as depression, social phobia, sleep disorders, and weakened family bonds are also emphasized. The conclusions highlight the need for preventive and therapeutic measures (cognitive-behavioural, pharmacological, and family-based) and for education on the safe and responsible use of the Internet. While the Internet has become an indispensable element of young people’s everyday lives, its responsible use requires support from families, schools, and broader social institutions.
The Identity of the Role of Ukrainian Writers in the Development of National Pedagogical Ideas in the Conditions of a Crisis Society
Kuchai, Oleksandr (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Today, more than ever before, Ukraine needs nationally conscious youth; therefore, the education system and all of humanity are tasked with raising worthy representatives of their nation. The purpose of the article is to examine the theoretical aspects of Ukrainian writers’ activity in the development of national pedagogical ideas in the context of a crisis society. Research methods: general scientific – analysis, synthesis, idealisation, formalisation, generalisation, comparison, etc.; interdisciplinary: historical and pedagogical – genetic, periodisation, historical and comparative, etc.; content analysis, discourse analysis; biographical; contextual and interpretive. A powerful means of realising such a task is the creative heritage of Ukrainian writers, and the public interest is precisely the Ukrainian studies activity of Ukrainian writers, which has become a distinctive page of the Ukrainian literary process in our time, under conditions of a crisis society. Humanity’s cultural experience has demonstrated the significant potential of fiction to foster a selfless struggle for independence and well-being. Our society has found itself in new realities, and this topic is gaining relevance right now in the conditions of full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In the formation of a socially active and responsible crisis society, the younger generation possesses self-identity, a nationalpatriotic consciousness, and dignity.
Propagation of the Decroly Method in the “Wychowanie Przedszkolne” Journal (1925-1939): a Theoretical and Practical Context
Feliniak, Aleksandra (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The author scrutinises the dissemination of Jean-Ovide Decroly’s didactic concepts in the pages of the “Wychowanie Przedszkolne” journal from 1925 to 1939. The paper aims to present the theoretical foundations of the method, such as the child’s activity, integration of educational content, and reference to the child’s natural interests, as well as their practical applications in Polish preschool education. For this end, the journal issues from 1925–1939 have been subject to qualitative content analysis using elements of the historical approach. First, the journal’s profile and functions were discussed, followed by a biographical outline of O. Decroly, a medical doctor who became a practical educator and developed his own innovative method. Next, the content of publications devoted to his concept and how he was presented as a scholar, teacher, and reformer were analysed. Particular attention was paid to his concept of a didactic triad, i.e. observation, association and expression as well as “centres of interest”. Both ideas were tools for organising the child’s experiences. The analysis suggests that “Wychowanie Przedszkolne” served as a forum for the transfer and adaptation of Decroly’s ideas to Polish reality and preschool practice, combining theoretical lectures with practical examples that, in turn, contributed to the professionalisation of preschool staff in interwar Poland.
Pedagogical Translanguaging as a Strategy of Overcoming Monolingual Foreign Language Teaching Model in Poland
Stępkowski, Dariusz; Sarbiewska, Anna; Kacprowska, Olga (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article explores the potential of pedagogical translanguaging as a theoretical and practical framework for overcoming the monolingual model of foreign language teaching and learning prevailing in the Polish educational system. Drawing on recent developments in translanguaging theory, the study examines how this approach redefines the concept of language competence, emphasizing its dynamic, processual, and integrated nature rather than its traditional lexical-grammatical understanding. The paper also discusses limitations of both monolingual and plurilingual classroom models, proposing instead the concept of a translingual classroom, in which learners consciously construct new linguistic codes through reflective engagement with their native language. Based on this perspective, five theses are formulated that outline the fundamental transformations required in Polish foreign language education. These theses emphasize the irreplaceable role of native language in acquiring additional languages, learner’s agency in meaning-making, and the necessity of developing translingual pedagogical practices. The study concludes that pedagogical translanguaging offers a promising path toward reconceptualizing foreign language education in Poland in line with the principles of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).
Homeschooling as a Chance for the Student’s Mental Well-being?
Mazurek, Emilia Agnieszka (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Homeschooling in Poland is a relatively recent phenomenon that elicits strong and often polarised reactions across different social groups. Proponents emphasise, above all, the individualisation of instruction, which is a defining feature of home education. Opponents, on the other hand, focus primarily on concerns about the potential for social maladjustment among homeschooled children. This context gives rise to a fundamental question about the nature and necessity of homeschooling ‒ more specifically, about its potential benefits and limitations in supporting the mental well-being of students. The aim of this article is to address this issue. Some of the doubts surrounding this topic are clarified through a review of the relevant literature, which serves as a foundation for the analysis of the research problem. The conclusions presented herein are further supported by the results of original, objective qualitative research. In particular, the analysis draws on those aspects of the empirical findings that relate to the mental well-being of homeschooled students. As a result, the study presents an image of homeschooling as a practice that can foster students’ psychological well-being, especially in cases where this well-being was compromised during their time in the traditional school system. While the article does not exhaust the complexity of the issue, it offers a valuable starting point for further exploration of the mental well-being of students in the context of home education.
The Image of School in the Experiences of Malagasy Senior Secondary School Students and Graduates
Lendzion, Kinga (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
In this article, the author presents the results of a qualitative study conducted among Malagasy senior secondary school students and graduates of the senior secondary school last year. The purpose of the individual in-depth interviews conducted was to reconstruct their educational history. During the analysis of the collected data using Atlas.ti software, a new theme emerged alongside the main one, namely, the image of school in the respondents’ statements. This theme was classified as a separate family of codes, within which three subgroups were distinguished: teachers, peer relationships and students. The respondents’ statements indicate that discipline plays a vital role in Malagasy schools, enabling students, in their view, to achieve educational success. The school is also an essential catalyst for social integration with peers in the surrounding area. In addition to individual successes, respondents valued the collective celebration of school events. Both final-year senior secondary school students and senior secondary school graduates expressed their disapproval of school dropouts and of teachers with low pedagogical competence.
Spiritual Culture of the Contemporary Child in the Family Environment: Experiential Perspective of Three Generations of Families from the Eastern Borderlands
Lisowska, Kinga (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article focuses on characterising the elements of the spiritual culture of a contemporary child growing up in a family whose members were resettled from the Eastern Borderlands to Poland after 1945. The phenomenon of intangible culture is introduced from a theoretical standpoint, following which the elements involved in shaping spiritual culture in the family environment are discussed. The research presented here employed a qualitative method of data collection, consisting of individual interviews that were partially guided and issue-oriented. The interviews were conducted with representatives of five families, spanning three generations. Based on the research, it has been established that children develop a specific spiritual culture by receiving verbal transmissions, experiencing rituals in the family environment, as well as through exposure to symbols and being made aware of the essence of particular values. This culture appears to perpetuate multi-generational traditions arising from the collective memory and experiences of families from the Eastern Borderlands. In such a framework, the intensity and interpretation of individual elements depend on the choices of the parents and grandparents, while family represents the highest value. The research indicates that culture is the primary source of identity formation and individual development, preparing individuals to live and coexist with others.
The Role of the Father and Mother in Religious Upbringing within the Family in the Context of Fulfilling Security Needs
Kopiczko, Tomasz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
This article examines the role of parents in religious education in the context of meeting the need for security. This is a significant pedagogical challenge, and the situation is further complicated by contemporary social and cultural changes. This reflection is the result of research primarily in the field of family studies, based on pedagogical, psychological, sociological, and theological assumptions. The research goal of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the role of the father and mother in religious education in the family and the fulfillment of the need for security. This goal was achieved by characterizing the sociocultural context of the family, describing the need for security in the child’s life, presenting the results of the study, and developing conclusions useful in the parenting process. The analysis of research and scientific texts allowed us to formulate recommendations for parents to remember the proper approach to prayer, to avoid coercion, to respect the child’s religious desires, to speak positively about God, and to care for their own development. The final conclusion emphasizes the need for the involvement of both parents as a source of security and a model of faith. The key is building faith based.
The Realization of Educational Dialogue as the Key to the Education of Children and Youth. Inspiration of the Pedagogy of Fr. Janusz Tarnowski
Wiśniewska, Ewa (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
This text addresses the issue of education in the spirit of educational dialogue. The aim of the study was to recall and introduce the richness of dialogue according to the concept of Fr. Janusz Tarnowski, which is an expansion of his concept of Christian personalexistential pedagogy, and to demonstrate that such a dialogue can be an inspiration for contemporary educators. Educational dialogue understood by Fr. Janusz Tarnowski as a method, process, and attitude supports other pedagogical methods, as long as they focus on the pupil, without overly emphasizing his individualism, where the common good disappears and personal life is threatened. The study contains an analysis of selected factors influencing the implementation of dialogue by the educator, such as: the educator’s attitude towards education, the educator’s approach to dialogue, the educator’s communicative culture/communicative competences, and the emotional climate preferred by the educator. This analysis was conducted against the backdrop of the concept of Fr. Tarnowski, because his views on education and the educator are appropriate to the chosen factors. Based on this, it was concluded that despite the passage of time and the changes that have taken place in the Polish school in recent years, the pedagogy of dialogue of Fr. Janusz Tarnowski’s work can still be a valuable source of inspiration for contemporary teachers and educators in implementing dialogue in the school environment. Currently, with the end of pedagogy that uncritically emphasizes the leading role of the educator, fulfilling the principle that education is primarily about the human-to-human relationship becomes the meaning of “human-face” pedagogy, rooted in Christian foundations and expressed in authentic dialogue.
To Meet the Other to (Co)exist – Towards the Reflexive Becoming in a Relation: the Theoretical and Research Perspective
Adamska-Staroń, Monika (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
This article contributes to a growing trend of reflection on the educational dimension of encounters with the Other as a space where personal stories intertwine with questions about choices, values, and existential orientation. It presents the theoretical framework for the topic, the methodological foundations of the research, the results, and the conclusions. The main goal of the described research was to explore and understand the meanings and significance attributed by pedagogy students at Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa to encounters with the Other in the context of their own development. In this study, I used a hermeneutic method based on descriptive-interpretive text analysis. I used the students’ essays as a source of insight and understanding, which allowed me to recognize that encounters with the Other are seen as a formative experience – an impulse that triggers processes of selfdiscovery, self-shaping, and self-fulfillment, the source of which is (self)-reflection.
Self-Understanding as a Condition for Self-Education
Nowakowski, Piotr Tomasz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
This article aims to conceptualise self-understanding as a fundamental condition for effective self-education, with particular emphasis on the period of adolescence. The author invokes the Socratic maxim “Know thyself,” noting that self-understanding is not merely an intellectual act but also an existential practice that underpins personality development and moral maturity. The main contribution of the study is the presentation of an original typology of six complementary perspectives on self-understanding: introspection, alterospection, retrospection, prospection, extrospection, and transspection. Organised along subjective, temporal, and transcendent axes, this typology integrates previously fragmented insights and provides a more comprehensive model of the dynamic processes of knowing oneself. During adolescence, self-understanding enables a realistic assessment of one’s own situation and facilitates the formulation of life goals. In conclusion, the author emphasises that effective self-education is possible only when a young person integrates diverse ways of reflecting on the self and the world. This creates conditions for the development of a mature, autonomous personality capable of consciously directing its own development.

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