Studia Bydgoskie, 2015, Tom 9

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Przymioty miłości małżeńskiej w interpretacji obrazu „Portret małżonków Arnolfinich” w kaznodziejskim przepowiadaniu
Wasilewski, Edward (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Jan van Eyck, a representative of Netherlandish realism, was one of the most outstanding painters of the 15th century. He was a forerunner of oil painting and originator of the Renaissance style. Of his numerous paintings, predominantly portraits, one is particularly noteworthy: The Arnolfini Portrait, which depicts a wedding scene. The objects highlighted in the painting have their rich symbolism and meaning, which should be interpreted in terms of marital love virtues. The biblical and theological interpretation can be referred to preaching, particularly in the context of the sacrament of marriage. In the present civilization of the image, interpreted and perceived in a broad sense of the word, the masterpiece and its theological meaning may serve as a source of interpretation of the virtues of marriage. For centuries details related to the characters have been interpreted by art historians and painting experts. They can also be used for the sake of pulpit preaching.
Tomasza z Akwinu rozumienie rzeczywistości a postmodernistyczna konieczność tworzenia nowych światów
Warzyński, Sylwester (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The paper strives to demonstrate, on the one side, St Thomas Aquinas’s specific understanding of reality and, on the other, the essence of postmodernist thinking, which gives up reality and refuses to take it into account as a result of man’s free and uninhibited creative activities; an approach that destines him to engage in play or pastime and to create completely new worlds. In the first part, the author presents St Thomas’s concept of reality and points out that at its heart lies the perception of the fundamental role of existence. Apart from essence, the most principal and strongest aspect of each entity is its existence. The object of philosophy cannot therefore be anything else but ‘exactly this’ existing world. A world that is intelligible and exists independently of a perceiving subject. A world that through existence ‘carries’ in itself a certain truth about itself, which man discovers but does not create. A world that as both rational and accidental expects justification of its existence and intelligibility. A world whose existence demands the existence of the Absolute. In the second part, the author refers to the philosophy of Frederick Nietzsche since his thinking well depicts the postmodernist spirit of the second half of the twentieth century. The godfather of postmodernism, Nietzsche maintains in his own typical manner that reality is in fact empty, alogical and variable; in short, it is chaos. It is only man who pours meaning into this. Man does not actually discover reality but merely interprets it. In the process of interpretation, man somehow creates the world and creates himself. In the third part, the author presents to what extent contemporary times are steeped in such thinking. He explains Jean Baudrillard’s concepts of ‘simulacra’ and ‘simulation’. Against this backdrop he demonstrates a picture of man turning away from existing reality and heading towards worlds that have nothing more in common with reality, an attitude so typical of postmodernism. In the world of simulacra – signs that represent nothing and stand for nothing but themselves – there is no mediation, demonstration or representation. And if that is the case, if there is no dominant original sense, then we are doomed to be involved in play, pastime, multiplication, proliferation of meanings, endless reproduction of signs, depictions and metaphors. All that is left is unrestricted creativity, writing, private narration, generating differences and creating totally new worlds.
Teologia relacji miłosnych i seksualności w ujęciu św. Jana Pawła II
Skrzypczak, Robert (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
There is an ongoing debate within the Church between liberals and conservatives concerning the Catholic attitude to love and sexuality. Some demand a new approach to Catholic morality regarding marriage and the family. Some also claim there is a clash between secular and Christian civilizations diverging over the issue of sexuality and the attitude to human life. Undoubtedly, such conflict-provoking situations require an adequate vision of man. One, with man as an integrated person, was put forward by Karol Wojtyła and introduced into the Church and worldwide debate by Pope John Paul II. A theological vision of the person determines the philosophy of love, the dynamic character of interpersonal relations and assessment of human sexual behaviour. John Paul II was aware that marriage and the family are a battlefield for the shape of future society and, going even further, for the position of God in human life. His theology of the person and human love has solid ontological and theological foundations and is aimed at pastoral care.
Udział życia konsekrowanego w dziedzictwie duchowym diecezji bydgoskiej
Puziak, Marcin (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The spiritual heritage of consecrated life can be interpreted as the influence of monastic people on the religiosity and culture of those they live among. The impact of consecrated people on the community which for centuries has inhabited the present-day diocese of Bydgoszcz is difficult to describe since there are very few books on the subject and a presentation of the history of spiritual life poses methodological problems. In the early days of the growth of Christianity in Poland, the area of today’s diocese of Bydgoszcz was part of a borderland territory with a complicated geopolitical situation, as a result of which no religious order settled in here. The area first witnessed the activities of Cistercian monks and Teutonic orders in the 13th century and those of numerous mendicant orders such as the Carmelites, Augustinians and Bernardines in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. An increase in monastic life here coincided with the period of revival after the Council of Trent (the Jesuits and Reformed Franciscans). As a consequence of the collapse during the Prussian Partition of Poland, monastic life almost came to a standstill in the area and it was only the convent life of the late 19th century that brought about a period of revival. After World War I, when Poland regained independence, the trend reversed; this is demonstrated by the increasing number of male religious orders (especially the Society of Christ Fathers and the Vincent de Paul Missionary Order) and female ones (the Daughters of Charity of St Vincent de Paul, the Sisters of St Elisabeth and others), all engaged – though with some difficulties – in apostolic activities and charity works here. A historical outline of the operations of religious orders would not be complete without a synthetic analysis of primary religious, cultural and charitable activities. The religious presence was particularly manifested in pastoral care by fraternities and in the cult of the saints; that related to education – in schools and monastic formative centres (the region’s only cultural and research institutions with a special role played by the Bernardines and Jesuits); and charity works – in hospitals and parish care for children, sick and elderly people. Their direct influence contributed to the growing worship of the Eucharist and the Holy Virgin Mary, and to the cult of the saints, with Passion elements – typical of the Old Polish period – and with missionary spirituality in the 20th century. A significant part of the heritage was the martyrdom of consecrated people during World War II and patriotic attitudes in the Communist regime period. The permanent presence of consecrated life in the diocese of Bydgoszcz (14 female and 9 male orders and societies) provides a hopeful incentive for the region’s religious and cultural life.
Islam w kontekście misyjności Kościoła katolickiego
Piwko, Aldona Maria (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The task of the Catholic Church is to preach the Gospel around the world. The missionary mandate was issued by Jesus himself and should be implemented. In contrast, Islam teaches that each person is a Muslim so the religion applies to all people around the world. The meeting of both religious traditions is difficult but, as demonstrated by the mutual relations of Catholics and Muslims, various joint efforts for the benefit of people are possible. Muslim countries are involved in cooperation with the Catholic Church in social services and interreligious dialogue. Religious leaders of both denominations seek peaceful resolutions to conflicts in the world, especially the crisis in Syria and Iraq as well as terrorist threats. Muslim scholars also emphasize that attacks on Christians and other religious believers is a betrayal of the authentic teachings of Islam. However, Christian people still find it difficult to practice their religion in the Persian Gulf countries.
50 lat po Soborze Watykańskim II. Odnowienie Kościoła w sekularystycznym wieku: holistyczny dialog i kenotyczna wizja. Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej Rzym, 4–5 marca 2015 r.
Olszanowski, Piotr (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Skandal pedofilii. Między dewiacją a odpowiedzialnością moralną
Olczyk, Maciej (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
In recent times the public opinion has been shocked by the news of the sexual abuse of children and adolescents. Abuse towards young people is a grave symptom of the moral crisis in the modern society. This is a deep-seated crisis of sexual morality and of human relationships, the prime victims of which are children and young people. The article presents definitions, principal causes and moral aspects of child sexual abuse. Only a careful examination of the causes and many other elements responsible for and conducive to the present crisis can help find effective and appropriate measures to prevent children from falling victim to similar crimes in the future.
Samotność i osamotnienie we wspólnocie Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce. Implikacje edukacyjne
Okońska, Elżbieta (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The article attempts to answer the question of the extent to which cultural trends, which stress the significance of loneliness in the modern world, penetrate the Catholic Church community. Is the dominant picture of the contemporary Church that of loneliness and isolation while its community, a prerequisite for the existence of the Church, is in fact disappearing? The search for an answer to the question should include a study of various selected forms of loneliness and isolation in the Catholic Church community in Poland. For this reason, certain fundamental terminological issues first need to be clarified and then referred to the theological perspective of the relationship between the person and the Church community; a subsequent sociological study of the situation of the Church in Poland should result in a brief presentation of forms of loneliness and isolation as well as their educational implications.
Ks. Paweł Marzec, Naprotechnologia. Nowoczesna troska o płodność. Ujęcie teologicznomoralne, Tarnów 2015, ss. 251.
Smykowski, Krzysztof (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Szkic do portretu księdza Pawła Pośpiecha
Marcoń, Witold (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Father Paweł Pośpiech, who lived from 1878 to 1922, was a Catholic clergyman, national activist, member of parliament, editor and publisher. He acted as vice president of the Silesian Singing Groups Association and was an honorary member of the Polish Trade Unions Association. Pośpiech took part in the activities of the educational committee of the People’s Reading Society. He worked as an editor in the “People’s Newspaper” published in Katowice and gained popularity with his bold articles on political issues. He supported the development of Polish banking in the Upper Silesia region through people’s banks. In 1912-1918 Pośpiech was a member of the German parliament, where he formed part of the Polish parliamentary group. He represented Upper Silesia at the December 1918 assembly known as Sejm Dzielnicowy and worked in the Supreme People’s Council. After Poland gained independence, from February 1919 Pośpiech acted in the Legislative Parliament. Moreover, he was a member of the National People’s Group of the Polish parliament.
Między prawem, obowiązkiem a powołaniem: o roli ojca we współczesnej rodzinie
Kmieciak, Błażej (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Fatherhood is a special social and pedagogical phenomenon. On the one hand, this is related to important masculine features such as strength, agility and willingness to fight. On the other, the father has a unique influence on future generations. His attitude, activities and presence will shape the mental condition of his children. A man learns to be a father, a task performed throughout lifetime. Recently, there have been increasingly numerous reports indicating fatherhood crisis. On the one hand, this is physical in nature: more and more children are growing up without fathers, who have abandoned their families after divorce. On the other hand, there are signs pointing to men’s emotional alienation. Fathers are increasingly overworked and increasingly seldom see their loved ones, a situation that seems particularly dangerous for children. What is, however, the cure to remedy that? The article will analyze opinions by selected authors involved in the subject of fatherhood. It will include both theoretical reflections and practical guidelines. Special attention will be dedicated to the unique role of the father as an educator shaping the faith and values in his children. It is elements of that role that will offer a cure to the increasing crisis of fatherhood.
Wysławiajcie Boga w swoim ciele. Wokół teologii ciała Kallistosa Wareʼa
Kiejkowski, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Metropolitan Bishop Kallistos Ware is undoubtedly one of the foremost contemporary Eastern Orthodox theologians. His personal road of faith, his familiarity with the treasures of thought of the Christian East and West as well as his pastoral experience make him a unique and outstanding witness to the presence of Orthodoxy in the modern world. One of the most frequently recurring subjects of his books, articles and spiritual conferences is the mystery of man. The article strives to offer a comprehensive collection of Kallistos Ware’s statements on the Christian understanding and experience of the human body. According to him, the mystery of the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor sheds essential light on our understanding of the mystery of the human body. Kallistos Ware’s texts are a testimony to his profoundly biblical and patristic vision of the human body, created by God in His image as part of the entire human being and intended for participation in the mystery of deification. As an inherent element of human nature, the body is good and wanted by God. Made up of his soul and body, man is “microcosm” and “microtheos”, and has a special place among other creatures. Man’s special task is to mediate and unify the physical, spiritual, created and divine worlds as the king and priest of creation. Liturgy, in which man participates through his body, is a privileged place for fulfillment of this vocation. The entire man, also in the reality of his body, is intended for eschatological deification, which is anticipated by the Transfiguration. The Christians actively and faithfully await the redemption of their body and the entire created world.
Świadectwa osób konsekrowanych z terenów diecezji bydgoskiej. Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej
Hoppe, Paweł (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Struktura i styl Księgi Estery. Przyczynek do tematu
Grys, Łukasz (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
This article deals with identification of the literary structure of the Book of Esther. This task is not simple due to the coexistence of two language versions of the book and three versions of the text (Masoretic, LXX and Alpha). Another problem is posed by the Greek additions and their place in the Book. Despite the hindrances, the paper offers the following suggestions regarding the literary structure. This begins with a presentation of Michael Fox’s theory, the key idea of which is the term ﬠמ:וםתּח (mišteh) denoting feasting. Fox claims that the structure of the Book is based on information about 10 feasts. Moreover, he notes that the entire composition forms a logical whole as it has an introduction, a development and a conclusion. Frederic Bush suggested recreating the structure of the Book based on the key elements of the narrative, which he respectively called: introduction, problem, resolution, final solution and conclusion. Jon Douglas Levenson suggested interpretation of the Book as a concentric composition, that is as one containing a climax with all preceding events leading to it. Levenson remarks that the climax is made up of the events described in chapter six. Another suggestion focuses on the expression נןהפושך השא (nahăpôk hû). According to this theory, every significant event of the first part is mirrored in a parallel event in the second one. What has also been discovered is the role of the core נפל denoting collapse. Finally, there is a description of the style of the book.
Katecheza w służbie duszpasterstwa powołań
Gogolik, Mirosław (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
One the Church’s fundamental commitments, specifically significant in present times, is the need to take constant efforts aimed at helping young people discover their vocations to serve God. The care for religious vocations, an important task for the entire Church community, is very topical now considering the widespread belief that modern culture, especially in Europe, is not conducive to vocations since it deters young people from identifying, understanding and accepting their calling. As an ecclesial act, catechesis greatly contributes to religious calling discernment and offers young people special assistance in discovering their God-inspired vocation and in encouraging them to fulfill their missionary calling through testimony, dialogue and preaching. Each catechesis is conducive to calling so the need for a good catechesis is one of the foremost tasks of pastoral care for religious vocations; therefore, separating the care from catechetical preaching is incorrect. The article discusses care for religious vocations in catechetical service on the basis of current catechetical documents, educational planning resources and selected catechetical aids. The presented analysis strives to offer assistance and inspiration not only to priests involved in helping young people discover vocations to serve God, but also to the lay faithful, specifically those engaged in catechetical service.
Etyczno-medyczne aspekty początków ludzkiego życia
Czarkowski, Marek (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Knowledge can be gained through research but also through logically justified reasoning. Some people claim rational reasoning is based on constant fundamental principles, the origins of which can be found in the dogmas of faith and revealed truths. There are three methods of analysis and knowledge gaining: a scientific method, a philosophical and ethical approach, and a religious one. Everything that is knowable through scientific research should be analyzed with the help of his method. However, there are issues significant from the existential point of view that can be researched solely by means of philosophical and ethical methods, including those based on natural law. While the scientific approach allows a universal consensus, it is often impossible to reach a widely accepted agreement using the other two methods. This is demonstrated by the contradictory stands on the acceptability of contraception, abortion and in vitro fertilization. The differences stem first and foremost from various approaches to the right to life of all human beings. The ethical judgment of acceptability of procedures significant from the point of view of natural human needs may vary considerably depending on what ethical stand we adopt. At this stage of civilizational progress a consensus on those issues is not possible. The paper discusses not only ethical but also relevant medical aspects of contraception, abortion and in vitro fertilization. It stresses the need to take account of various viewpoints while dealing with health care in a broad sense of the term.
Przyczyny starotestamentalnego osądu bogaczy
Ćwikła, Jarosław (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The Old Testament sharply criticized rich people. It was the rich who regularly broke the basic rules of social life, namely the principle of social equality, the principle of Israel’s classless society and numerous laws protecting the poor, widows and orphans. As a consequence, their actions compromised the foundations of God’s Covenant with Israel and, what is more, led to its breakdown. If it had not been for the determined and highly critical attitude of the Prophets, the well-off would have certainly fulfilled their intention. This article examines the social sins of the rich and the Prophets’ determined attitude towards those sins. For the sake of clarity the paper is divided into three parts. The first presents rich people’s sins against the principle of social equality, the second – those against Israel’s classless society, and the third – sins against the poor, widows and orphans.
Akt wiary jako adekwatna odpowiedź na wyzwania demitologizacji religii według Leszka Kołakowskiego
Chrostowski, Marcin (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
The article deals with the Leszek Kołakowski’s assessment of demythologization of religion with its fundamental presumption of separation between the “empirical” and “mythological” aspects of reality. The paper begins with a quote from Kołakowski’s essay Jezus ośmieszony. Esej apologetyczny i sceptyczny (The Ridiculed Jesus – An Apologetic and Sceptical Essay), in which he asserts that it is only through acts of faith that one can participate in the realm of sacrum in the world, where the loss of religious heritage is increasingly manifested. The loss also results from the demythologization of Christian religion and the Revelation, a process based on the presumed separation between the “empirical” and the “mythological”. Kołakowski claims that such a radical separation is impossible and actually unnecessary since both make up its unity. He insists on adopting a global view of religion and history, which is possible through an act of faith that simplifies an interpretation of reality as an organized harmony. The act of faith with its coherent view of reality seems the best response to the challenges of demythologization.
Z cieni i obrazów do prawdy. Sprawozdanie z sympozjum upamiętniającego 170. rocznicę konwersji Johna Henry’ego Newmana z anglikanizmu na katolicyzm
Adamczyk, Michał (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)
Sakrament małżeństwa we współczesnej debacie teologicznej. Sprawozdanie z Konferencji Naukowej Towarzystwa Teologów Dogmatyków
Adamczyk, Michał (Prymasowski Instytut Kultury Chrześcijańskiej im. Stefana Kard. Wyszyńskiego w Bydgoszczy, 2015)

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