Roczniki Teologii Fundamentalnej i Religiologii, 2012, T. 4 (59)

Stały URI dla kolekcjihttps://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/10081

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    Wróżbiarskie rytuały małego pogrzebu wtórnego u ludu Konkomba z Północnej Ghany
    Zimoń, Henryk (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    This article describes and interprets two divination rituals of the so-called small secondary funeral in the village of Kutuln. These relate to a bad death, which occurs when people die prematurely or inappropriately. Africans feel fear toward the dead who in life were bad people and those who died a bad death. The concept of a bad death for Africans presents their approach to life, the time of death and the moral evaluation of dead people, as a premature or unusual death is not accidental. A bad death explains the course of human life and has an impact on the burial of the deceased and his fate in the afterlife. Africans believe that those who die a bad death, do not leave the sphere of human life and do not pass into the land of their ancestors. People who die a bad death are deprived of a normal burial and extensive secondary funeral, and the living will never respect them and called upon them through prayers and sacrifices. Small secondary funerals among the Konkomba are limited to the divining rites, which last one day. The course of divination is similar in small and large secondary funerals. The initial phase of divination using 10 cowrie shells is decisive and important. During the long speech, Bingo, the main diviner or the master reveals and explains the causes of the bad death and propose preventive measures designed to remove ritual impurity and the propitiation of supernatural beings. The cause of death of the woman Mafimbi were quarrels and disagreements with her husband in the village of Bwana, caused by her lover Nbale. She would have happily married him, but her father did not agree to it. Her lover Nbale persuaded Mafimbi not to eat or drink in the home of her husband. The second case concerns the death of a nameless girl who died on the day of her birth because of quarreling parents: her father Bindifrim and her mother Ndodebu living in the village of Jinjinabi. Noteworthy is the attitude of dependence on help, during the divining rites, of the god Uwumbor, spirits of the Earth, clan protective spirits, gnome bush spirits, twin spirits, ancestor spirits, and especially spirits of dead diviners. Help from these supernatural beings is essential during the rites of divination, in order to properly explain the circumstances and causes of death of deceased persons. Divination by using three sticks as complementary only confirms the previously given causes of death. It should be noted that during these divining rites, small and large secondary funerals also have a didactic and moralistic dimension, because they teach people respect for tradition, preservation of social norms and moral order in the life of the individual and community.
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    Modlitwa międzyreligijna w perspektywie dialogu doświadczenia religijnego
    Ledwoń, Ireneusz S. (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    In context of interreligious dialogue development, especially the meetings of the representatives of different religions led by the Pope in Assisi and criticized by various ecclesiastical circles, an essential question appears concerning theological ground for Christians’ participation in interreligious prayer. The author of the article indicates the origins of the above mentioned criticism, refutes charges of syncretism and relativism aimed at Assisi, and gives the reasons for the possibility of such a prayer within the so-called dialogue of religious experience. The possibility is grounded, above all, on such facts as common origin and destiny of mankind, unity of God’s economy of salvation, uniqueness of Jesus Christ’s saving mediation, universality of the action of the Holy Spirit in the world and in religions, and uniting role of the Church toward mankind. The practical aspect of the problem resolves mainly to the necessity for taking into consideration the principle lex orandi – lex credendi and sensibly avoiding all appearances of syncretism and proselytizing.
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    Dialog międzyreligijny jako „życiowa konieczność” w nauczaniu Benedykta XVI
    Słupek, Roman (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    Benedict XVI, identifying himself as “the apostle of dialogue and the man of peace”, makes an important contribution to the interreligious dialogue. The Pope indicates, that this dialogue cannot be treated as a “temporary choice”, but the future depends on it, it is a “life necessity”. In development of this dialogue today there appear some obstacles. One of the main goals of the interreligious dialogue is to seek the truth together, and the essential source of numerous impediments preventing it is an erroneous way of approaching truth. It can take a form of relativism, which denies existence of any truth, or a form of religious fundamentalism that claims the right to impose it. In order to prevent interreligious dialogue from leading to religious syncretism and to confusion in those who participate in it, it is necessary to respect certain basic rules. Benedict XVI lists the following as the most important ones: rule of reciprocity, rule of keeping own identity and accepting identity of interlocutor, respecting every human person and uniting dialogue with proclamation of the Gospel.
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    Święci Katarzyna i Andrzej w religijności i tradycji ludowej regionu tomaszowskiego
    Nowak, Józef (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    The source basis of the present article is provided by the results of ethnographic field studies conducted by the author in 64 localities near Tomaszów Lubelski. In totally, in the period of six years (1995-2001), the author collected information from 314 respondents, with whom he carried out 346 interviews. In addition, 14 collective interviews were made, in which 8 to 14 persons participated. The area of Tomaszów marks the beginning of the point of contact between the Polish and Ukrainian cultures, which is why 30 Ukrainian respondents took part. The subject of the present paper is the description and analysis of former and contemporary folk rituals and beliefs connected with the liturgical reminiscences of saints Catherine and Andrew made in the light of phenomenological and comparative methods. Folk religiousness is simpler than academic theology and Christian liturgy; it permeates the needs of man, filling time and space, objects and actions. In folk rituals, certain magical and religious elements appeared and are interwoven, which comprise the cultural signs of life according to the pagan calendar. The saints, who take care of certain areas of life, strongly influence the imagination, giving a feeling of closeness and strengthening the faith of folk people. Beliefs concerning saints appear in private prayers, songs, proverbs, statements and legends. The cult of saints influences family life and peer groups, being the main themes at social meetings. Associated with the dates of Saints Catherine and Andrew are organized marital ceremonies, which create an atmosphere of joy and the country village’s social ties. The specific games of the men and women were to reveal future passions such as: priority in entering into marriage relationships and finding one’s spouse, even determining a certain person. Older people also associated St. Andrew’s feast day with activities concerning weather forecasting.
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    Muzułmańskie przedstawienie zwiastowania Marii i narodzenia Jezusa według orędzia mekkańskiego (sura 19, 16-34)
    Maszkowski, Robert (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    The article presents the Quranic visions of the Annunciation to Mary and the birth of Jesus Christ according to sura nineteen. Their presence in the Quran and the quoted details mean that Muhammad knew the Christian contents in the beginnings of his activity and that they had an important meaning for his prognostication. Both scenes, composed together, were a kind of communication with the believers of Christianity in order to come closer and attract potential believers. This text includes lots of details and all characters shown. It gives the dialogue’s content, which took place between them. The message of Mary and Jesus proclaims their exceptionality, the distinction by God and endowment of many graces and privileges, which don’t have their precedent. On the other side it denies to the essential Christian truth about the incarnation of the Son of God, because it presents Jesus as a miraculously created human. His father isn’t Allah, or “Spirit- messenger”, or any other man. Jesus can boast only a mother, but a pure mother, innocent and perfect handmaid of God whose life was marked by great suffering, worn in some ways for her son, but also “for” and “because” of Israel. The award for her faith and obedience was the exceptional son, God’s servant and a prophet, who had a book and who, from the beginning of his life, was showing goodness for his mother, just like Allah wanted. Sura nineteen of Mecca includes many important terms and theological titles of Jesus which also Mary participates in. They emphasize their dignity, vocation and endowment. The Muslim identity of these two special characters show lots of similarities, but also significant differences from the message of the Gospel proclaimed by Christians.
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    Elementy teologii wiary w świetle listu apostolskiego «motu proprio» Porta fidei Benedykta XVI
    Mastej, Jacenty (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    In all Benedict XVI’s teaching faith is understood in personalistic view and categories. The Pope pays attention especially to rational dimension of faith, its natural and supernatural foundations and obedience present insight it. For Pope Benedict XVI it is clear that Christian faith has got its rational motives and explanation – Christian faith is not ‘blind’. Because the Christian faith is inter-personal event, it is alive and dynamic and it has got fundamental meaning in human life. That’s why – according to Benedict XVI – the Christian testimony to the faith is necessary and should be always alive. This testimony helps to discover the power and beauty of faith. Doing so it invites Christians not only to exist strong in faith but also to live it deeply and joyfully.
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    Kult świętej Barbary w polskiej religijności ludowej
    Kupisiński, Zdzisław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    The purpose of this article is to show the importance of Saint Barbara in Polish traditions and folk religion. The study is based mainly on the author’s ethnographic field research conducted in the regions of Opoczno and Radom in 1990-1993, and in 1995-2005, as well as on research about St. Barbara’s cult featured in master’s theses and doctoral dissertations written at the Institute of Fundamental Theology of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. The article consists of three sections. First, the figure of St. Barbara is introduced with focus on her biography. In the second part, the role of this Saintly Woman in Polish folk religion is illuminated, and in the third section, the significance of the St. Barbara cult is presented through customs and folk proverbs. In Poland, the cult of St. Barbara has a very long and lively tradition, and can be traced to the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. The first mention of this Saint in liturgy is found in the “Gertrude Psalter”, dating from 11th Century and belonging to a daughter of the early Polish King Mieszko II. St. Barbara is the patroness of a good death, virtuous brides and family life, and is the protectoress from fires, thunderstorms, and sickness of the plague, as well as cemetery chapels. She is venerated primarily by people who are exposed in their occupations to unexpected sudden death, such as miners, steel workers, sailors, fishermen, soldiers, masons, prisoners, bricklayers, gunners, carpenters, blacksmiths, and manufacturers of fireworks. Employees of these professions honor St. Barbara in their own specific ways. Placing the Feast of St. Barbara on December 4 has contributed to the fact that around her, as the Patroness of this day, there have arisen a lot of proverbs predicting the weather for Christmas. Some of these sayings have survived to modern times, and testify to the vitality of the cult of St. Barbara and her popularity in a folk religiosity in Poland.
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    Kościoły afrykańskiej diaspory chrześcijańskiej w Europie – egzystencja na marginesie czy (re)chrystianizacja Europy?
    Grodź, Stanisław (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
    Many Europeans are convinced that Christianity has entered its terminal phase of existence, “accomplished its mission” and unavoidably undergoes a process of withering away. Meanwhile, Christianity develops robustly in Africa and in the framework of migratory movement from the South to the North (according to Jehu Hanciles this movement has also a clear religious dimension) African Christians arrive in Europe, also those who consider themselves not so much as migrants but Christian missionaries. Religious organizations of the African diaspora in Europe drew researchers’ attention already in the 1980s. Opinions concerning the influence of these organizations on the Christians in Europe are divided. Some researchers think the influence is negligible because African Christian groups are unable to attract non-Africans to their activities and spirituality, and because of this they are meant to lead a marginal existence on the European Christian scene. Others point to the examples of the efficacy of the African Christians in reviving Christian communities outside African diaspora and to their missionary activity. An answer to the leading question will be presented in the light of the current state of research on the problem.
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    VII Zjazd Stowarzyszenia Teologów Fundamentalnych w Polsce „Apologia Kościoła dziś”
    Gaweł, Łukasz (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)