Teoria przywiązania J. Bowlby’ego

Abstract

It is generally accepted that John Bowlby’s attachment theory is the first scientific attempt to apply the ethological model to explain problems regarding mental development of a human being, especially in the first years of his or her life. Actually, the origin of the attachment theory was inspired not only by studies on experiences of infants and children separated from their parents but also by results of ethological studies on animal instinct behaviors, especially of birds and mammals. In the present paper, firstly, the context which originated the attachment theory is outlined. Subsequently, main elements of that theory are presented, such as: phylogenesis and organization of functioning of the attachment system, continuity of attachment across the human life, internal working models of attachment, behavioral systems related to attachment, connection between disturbed development of attachment and mental disorders. Finally, functioning of attachment in human life from infancy to adolescence and adulthood are described.