Polonia Sacra, 2004, R. 8 (26), Nr 15 (59)

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Interaktywna telewizja wyzwaniem dla współczesnego duszpasterstwa
Baczyński, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Interactivity is becoming one of the basic attributes of the contemporary multimedia epoch. The multimedia – a term, which in the 1970s was used with regard to a range of didactic aids, including various materials (illustrations, slides, cassettes and video tapes), has been associated since the beginning of the 90s with PC computers equipped with the function of processing picture and sound. Nowadays the multimedia system is understood as any telecomputing system capable of processing, storing and distributing data in the form of sound, moving pictures, photographs, computer graphics and texts. An important feature of thus understood multimedia techniques is a possibility of the user's interaction with the system. The invention in the multimedia field that can change the traditional perception of the multimedia communication is the television integrated with the computer – a kind of technical hybrid enabling the user to make the full use of multimedia net contents. Multimedia interactive television testifies to a considerable progress in communication processes with the aid of technical means, but at the same time it is the source of ethical problems and an unquestionable challenge for the Church, which is more and more willing to mark its presence in the world of mass media. New media – Internet, digital and satellite television and ITV in the future, are becoming part of modem culture, the implications of which have not yet been fully understood. Therefore the Church should actively get involved in the multimedia education so as to in the space between a “chance and endangerment” – minimalise the endangerment. The point is, especially for the young recipients to learn how – while getting to know the mechanisms of new technologies in social communication – to function properly in the world of cyberspace, according to sound moral criteria as regards the contents they find there and to use the new technology for their own integral development and for the benefit of others. Acquiring defensive mechanisms may soon turn out to be indispensable with the coming of more and more perfect transmission techniques and more and more brutal methods of attracting the viewer's attention. In present-day television the viewer is more and more often treated in a depersonalised way, as a product on sale. It can be anticipated from the commercials announcing the “end of the well-behaved” television in Poland and the introduction of extreme programmes boasting record number of viewers, in which pain, abhorrence and cruelty are becoming a factor of a struggle to win the viewer.
Starożytny Egipt w podręcznikach do historii dla szkół ponadgimnazjalnych z punktu widzenia katechezy biblijnej (cz. 2)
Stypułkowska, Beata (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The present paper deals with a problem of interdisciplinar correlation in secondary schools. It focuses on the common elements in religion and history lessons concerning ancient Egypt. The history books permitted for school use have been discussed with regard to their usefulness in biblical catechesis. School history books which contain maps of ancient Egypt and chronological tables presenting the Egyptian history in the context of the general history, which use the generally agreed names of historical epochs and do not keep within limits of Old Egypt State only, are very helpful in biblical catechesis even if they do not touch themes relating directly to the Bible. The well-conducted history lesson which prepares a pupil to exploring source texts, introduces him simultaneously in reading the Bible, with its particular books arising in specified historical conditions and reflecting the climate of those times. Similarly, the well-conducted religion lesson strengthens and develops pupil's skills gained during history lessons by completing the knowledge of history of the biblical countries and developing the ability of interpreting ancient texts. Correlation between history and religion enriches both subjects. This is valid also for the lessons concerning the ancient Egypt.
Niepokalane poczęcie Matki Chrystusowej i dzieje człowieka
Misztal, Wojciech (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Choisie par Dieu, la Mère du Christ par sa grâce appartient, en communion du Père et du Fils et du Saint-Esprit, aux plus importants protagonistes de l'histoire du salut. Son immaculée conception fait part des évènements majeurs de cette oeuvre. Le mystère de l'immaculée conception est une partie intégrale de la vie de Marie comme appartenant à la descendance d'Adam et forme d'une manière décisive cette vie. Ce mystère fait partie aussi de la vie des autres fils d'Adam. Aussi en leur faveur Dieu agit par l'immaculée conception de la Mère du Christ, par les conséquences de cet évènement. L'immaculée conception possède aussi la valeur de paradigme par ex. en ce qui concerne la connaissance de Dieu, la communion avec Lui, son attitude vers les pêcheurs et le péché, le mystère de la vocation de l'homme à servir Dieu et à collaborer avec Lui. Aussi de cette manière on peut présenter l'importance de l'immaculée conception pour le chrétien d'aujourd'hui et pour sa spiritualité.
Aż Chrystus się w was ukształtuje
Sikora, Piotr (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
In my paper, I examine rev. Stanislaw Wronka's interpretation of the New Testament teaching concerning identification of a Christian with Christ. Wronka argues that according to the NT every Christian can (and ought to) become very similar to Christ, but that some difference in nature between them will remain for ever. I propose a thesis that – in eschatological perspective – identification of a Christian with Christ is total, i.e., that according to the NT (especially St John and St Paul) the ultimate destination of the human being is not only to be like Christ, but to become the very Christ.
S Wostoka na Zapad – rosyjski komentarz poetycki na ogłoszenie Dogmatu o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Marii Panny
Dudek, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The subject of the paper is an analysis of Jewdokia Rostopczyna's poem S Wostoka na Zapad, which constitutes an attempt at poetical polemics with the teaching of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady. The authoress of the poem, written in 1857, is a Russian romantic writer, popular in the middle of the 19th century though little-known today. The poem under analysis is an extremely critical assessment of the dogma proclaimed in 1854. Its tone is scathing and abusive to Catholics. Rostopczyna's main accusation refers to – in her opinion an unjustified – exclusion of Our Lady from the rest of humanity as a result of exempting her from the burden of the original sin. For the poetess this makes the Mother of God an unreal character, a myth, an apparition, an abstract ideal. The authoress emphasises that for the members of the Orthodox Church Mary, though Spotless, is a Protectoress and an Advocate. The severity of polemical formulations, definite character of opinions with regard to the Catholic faith, absolute glorification of the Orthodox Church as opposed to slightingly treated Catholicism all reveal a standpoint resulting from the Russian theological tradition, in which as early as in the Old Ruthenian period a Catholic was scornfully termed a member of the Latin Church or a heretic. Another reason for such a way of thinking as presented in the poem is associated with the Slavophil political orientation of the authoress with a tendency, typical of the period, to politicise the Orthodox Church, isolating it from Europe and defining its own identity through the negation of the West.
Architektoniczne uwarunkowania odnowy liturgicznej w posoborowym wnętrzu sakralnym
Bogdan, Mirosław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
À la deuxième moitié du XX siècle la loi liturgique du Concile Vatican 2, apporte le renouveau liturgique qui sépare le tabernacle de la table d'autel. Cette nouvelle existence de l'autel, autrement que plus avan défini la présence du fruit de consécration dans le seul espace sacré. L'article présente l'aménagement de l'intérieur d'église où le tabernacle existe comme le satellite de l'autel. Lui-même, l'autel qui symbolise Le Christ, est exposé toujours dans le temple comme la source principale. Sa composition à la partie n'est pas comparable avec celui en retable, mais pour son exposition, la grande signification a toujours le système d'éclairage, la facture de mur et de plafond. Dans l'église qui est neuve, on peut construire un seul autel. Ce centre est éloigné du mur d'église quand le prêtre doit célébrer la Messe Sainte comme retourné en face des fidèles. Ça existe en accord avec toutes les techniques plastiques qui créent l'harmonie en aspect d'exprimer la signification des saintes images qui concentrent notre regard sur les plus importants élléments de culte. Aujourd'hui la nef du temple existe en aspect de forme comme un seul espace sans des supports au dedans. En cette vue qui ne cache rien dans tel espace sans ces limites, l'autel fait l'image symbolique de la Sainte Montagne de Sinai.
Polska muzyka sakralna inspirowana osobą i działalnością Jana Pawła II
Tyrała, Robert (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The Pope from Poland, through his life, words and work is a challenge for artistic circles all over the world, and especially in Poland. The paper presents a brief study of religious music and the meaning of the pieces of music dedicated to the Holy Father, composed to the texts written by the pope and about John Paul II. There are certainly more such pieces and new ones are being composed. Naturally, not all of them will become liturgical music since, as the pope himself writes in his last letter on liturgical music, published in Rome on November 22, 2003: New compositions must be rooted in the music tradition of the Church. New compositions must be pervaded by the spirit of liturgy and must identify with it. Otherwise they cannot be regarded as liturgical. They are all of them, however, pieces of religious music and constitute the treasure of church music.
o. Zdzisław J. Kijas, Początki świata i człowieka, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2004, stron 304
Porada, Ewa (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Unus Mediator et multi mediatores. Augustyńska koncepcja pośrednictwa
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The author of the article is searching for an answer to the question whether St. Augustine accepted the existence of only one mediator between God and people (unus mediator), or whether he admitted the possibility of mediation of other entities (multi mediatores). The text consists of three parts. The first presents Biblical grounds for the Augustinian conception of mediation. The next is a terminological analysis of the notions appearing in the writings of the Bishop of Hippo: mediatrix, mediatores, mediator. The last part undertakes the problem of mediation of people and objects. The analyses carried out have led to the following conclusions: 1) the notion of mediator is not reserved for Christ alone. Christ is the only true Mediator, but there are other false mediators. In the writings of the Bishop of Hippo, however, there is no terminological exdusivism; 2) Ontic and moral understanding of mediation exclude mediation of any other entity except Christ; 3) In an analogical sense a mediator can be the Church, sacraments, prayers, relics, people. Although St. Augustine does not use the term 'mediator' in relation to them, he endows them nevertheless with the qualities of an instrument, which God uses in order to grant people His mercy.
Dogmat o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Maryi jako problem ekumeniczny
Życiński, Wojciech (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady presents an occasion to view from the ecumenical perspective the doctrine whose history, definition and interpretation have evoked numerous controversies and disagreements across denominations. This view is now more optimistic considering a truly ecumenical harmonization reached by a protestant and catholic Group of Dombes. The harmonization states that though Protestants cannot accept the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as belonging to the creed they assert that it does not contradict the evangelical message. The message preaches redemption offered by God through Christ to all people. He offered it also to Mary, choosing her to be the Mother of His Son, the sole Saviour of the human race, and by bestowing upon her His mercy and previously redeeming her. Ecumenical experience shows that the traditional approach which maintains that St. Mary unites while Mariology divides us no longer holds true. It would be a misunderstanding if we were preoccupied with Mariology, which divides us, in order to learn the truth of Mary, who unites us.
Kościół wobec dawnych i współczesnych form rasizmu
Zwoliński, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Racism has ceased to be a taboo subject for the world, but at the same time it has ceased to be a subject of discussions. Historical experience of the tragic consequences of the rule of racist ideologies has led the humanity to an unequivocal assessment of all forms of racism. Its various, more and more sublime and hidden forms are pursued by the public opinion, reported and condemned. One cannot, however, feel satisfied with a good condition of international law in this respect and penal codes of individual countries. The essential sources of racism reside within the human heart. Hence never-ending demand for educational care of its condition. Information and thorough analysis of phenomena concerning the existing disproportions, forms of domination and hostilities across various social groups are indispensable. The fight against racism is the care about the future fate of the world and the condition of humanity in general. Respect for all people, including all races, means respecting every human being and this alone justifies the hope for a truly better world.
Wiązanie rozumu i nierozumność zerwania (Oświecone średniowiecze i mało oświecone oświecenie)
Łysień, Leszek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Tradition and innovation are dialectically interrelated. On the one hand they are contradictory, but on the other they are mutually related. In Max Scheier's term man is bestia cupiditissima rerum novarum. This creature, desirous of new things, is immersed in time. To preserve his identity in the changing transitoriness he must hold to tradition. It is tradition that keeps the past up-todate and will update the present in the future. Tradition appears in this perspective as a way of uniting ecstasies of time, not so much retreating towards the past, but enriching the present and protecting it against expiry. Tradition gives meaning to innovation, while innovation is possible owing to tradition.
Uczestnictwo – wolność – godność, jako kluczowe kategorie antropologii Jana Pawła II
Drzyżdżyk, Szymon (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The anthropology of John Paul II is based on a range of notions, around which an image of man and his relation to the world are being built. The paper focuses on three such notions of singular importance: participation, freedom and dignity. Dignity of a human being is an expression of humanity, freedom – as a gift both offered and assigned – is a category through which God Himself shows man His respect while participation is this dimension of co-existence with God and with a fellow human being or a community which originates from the dignity accepted in a free way and respected. Looking today, in the context of the war in Iraq as well as many other military conflicts in numerous places of the world, at the category of participation, freedom and dignity through the prism of the anthropology of Karol Wojtyła, then pope John Paul II, allows us to assume an appropriate distance to the contemporary world. This distance does not mean withdrawing to some safe positions, where it is not necessary to make decisions or avoid responsibility. This distance is indeed required for decisions to be preceded not only by various emotions, but by substantial knowledge about man, who – presented by his Creator with freedom – wishes for true participation, in which his dignity will be respected.
Mesjanizm Starego Testamentu
Jelonek, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Without doubt there exists in the Old Testament a powerful trend revealing eschatological reality, the times of peace, prosperity and well being, most frequently shown in the categories of worldly reign. This reality is the subject of prophesying and awaiting. We very often speak of this reality as the messianic reality and consider it as the broadest notion of messianism, which does not have to make a mention of a messiah every time. However, as in the Old Testament the term 'messiah' denominated only historical personages of kings and, in a limited range priests, there are no grounds within the Old Testament for naming the times extending beyond history, messianic. Such naming assumes that the conception of an eschatological messiah is an earlier one and that the conception of the times of eschatological well being inaugurated by this messiah is its derivative. Actually, this stand is not true. Before the notion of a messiah assumed its eschatological shape – in the Old Testament it takes place in the Book of Daniel – wonderful eschatological times were commonly awaited. They will be a gift of God and will be entered by the whole nation, again called a collective messiah. The paper aims at following the image of Messiah and messianism, which thanks to its re-reading in the New Testament was extracted from the Old Testament. Christian re-reading recovers three stages of messianism from the Old Testament: – King's messianism; – Messianism of the Suffering Servant of God; – Transcendent messianism. Such a shape of the Old Testament messianism has entered the Church instruction and has become the subject of Christian Biblical theology.
Sztuka nauczania a dialog edukacyjny
Śnieżyński, Marian (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Among educators who deal with laying out and delineating principles of a model teacher there exists such a diverse variety of opinions and standpoints that even an experienced educator encounters problems in understanding this mixture. One issue, however, is unanimously agreed upon. The issue concerns the so-called predisposition to the teaching profession. Educators accept and agree about the argument that in order to be a good teacher one must have a vocation for teaching. If so, then we are but a step away from recognizing another argument which says that every teacher with a vocation for teaching should also be a creator in the sphere of education and upbringing. If we want to endow education with the attributes of art, we must learn the craft related to the whole process of teaching solidly and thoroughly. We should be fluent in varying lesson structure, methods of teaching, means and principles. With solid knowledge and experience in this field we are able to supply each of the above-mentioned factors with a unique colour. Only an artist can create such a specific atmosphere. Summing up the discussions that have been held so far on the subject of the art of teaching the author of the paper expresses a hope that the reform of the educational system will open an opportunity to fill this field of education with a lot of new ideas about creative and innovative teaching. It is the author's belief that a time will come when the majority of teachers understand a need to 'drift away' from one-way teaching, one-way imparting of information and one-way communication, which have little to do with the art of teaching.
Rada Kapłańska i Kolegium Konsultorów w prawodawstwie Kościoła katolickiego i w prawodawstwie Archidiecezji Lwowskiej
Dyduch, Jan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
II Concilio Vaticano II programmando accomodata renovatio della Chiesa Universale ha inserito in questo programma la Chiesa particolare, specialmente la diocesi. Uno degli elementi del rinnovamento della diocesi è istituire nuovi organi consultivi diocesani. Tra loro ruolo importante compie Consiglio Presbiterale, il quale ha carattere rappresentativo e consultivo. Da esso proviene Collegio dei Consultori, il quale esercita diversi compiti, specialmente deve assicurare la continuità del potere nella sede vescovile. Nell'articolo il Consiglio Presbiterale e il Collegio dei Consultori viene mostrato nella luce del Codice di Diritto Canonico e del Codice dei Canoni delle Chiese Orientali, come pure nella luce della legislazione dell'Arcidiocesi di Lwów.
G. Deiana, A. Spreafico, Wprowadzenie do hebrajszczyzny biblijnej, opracowanie wersji polskiej S. Bazyliński, Warszawa 2001, część I – s. XX 228, część II praktyczna: klucz do ćwiczeń, kaseta, analiza gramatyczna chrestomatii s. 85; kaseta magnetofonowa
Wronka, Stanisław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Ochrona istotnych przymiotów małżeństwa w świetle kanonów dotyczących wad zgody małżeńskiej
Bolesta, Arletta (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
In diesem Artikel werden Ehewillensmängel vorgestellt. Es geht besonders um die Unfähigkeit zur Eheschließung (can. 1095, 2°, 3°CIC), den Irrtum (can. 1096 § 1, can. 1099 CIC) und die Ausschließung (can. 1101 CIC). Es wird über diese Mängel in Ansicht des Schutzes der Monogamie und der Unauflöslichkeit der Ehe gesprochen. Vom Standpunkt der teilweisen scheinbaren Übereinstimmung und des Mangels wird es auch über gemischte Ehe (can. 1125, 3° CIC) und das Hindernis des verschiedenen Glaubens (can. 1086 §1, §2 CIC) gesagt. Wir haben auch sehr kurz die Ursachen dieser Prozesse und Probleme, die sein können, gezeigt. Es wird auch betont, daß die eheliche Übereinstimmung die Ursache der Eheschließung aber nicht die Ursache des Wesens der Ehe ist, weil Gott die Ehe mit Eigenschaften geschaffen hat.
„Małżeństwo cieszy się przychylnością prawa” – przemówienie Jana Pawła II do Roty Rzymskiej (2004)
Rozkrut, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
Il Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II, il 29 Gennaio 2004, nella Sala Clementina del Palazzo Apostolico ha ricevuto in Udienza il Tribunale della Rota Romana, in occasione dell'inaugurazione dell'Anno giudiziario. Nel suo discorso Giovanni Paolo II ha parlato del favor iuris di cui gode il matrimonio. L'articolo presenta e commenta l'indirizzo d'om aggio del Decano del Tribunale della Rota Romana e discorso del Santo Padre. Occorre riscoprire la verità, la bontà e la bellezza del m atrimonio come vincolo di giustizia e di amore. Questa è la realtà che la Chiesa e il m ondo debbono favorire – ammonisce Giovanni Paolo II.
Perspektywy rozwoju dogmatu o Niepokalanym Poczęciu NMP po publikacji Katechizmu Kościoła Katolickiego (11 października 1992)
Porczak, Karol (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
After the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Faith (11 October 1992) there arose the need for some answers regarding the future of the research in the field of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady. The text of the circular letter of the Pontiff International Marian Academy entitled La Madre del Signore (Mother of the Lord) indicates six paths or keys to read and understand the doctrine. The first – christological key – is based on the opinion that the immaculate conception of Mary is strongly linked and finds all its explanation in the mystery of Christ – the Saviour of the world; the second key – anthropological – regards the person of Jesus as the Second Adam - true God become true Man, whose incarnation guides us toward the discovery of the true meaning of all privileges given to the human race – the Immaculate Conception in particular; the ecclesiological key – is the third option. It indicates the person of Mary as the type and the beginning of the true realisation of the Church personified in the Blessed Virgin; fourth option is based on the social model of the Church where Mary the representing the human kind as the one who shared the earthly life of all men and women and does not fall in sin; the fifth key is represented by holy martyr from Oświęcim (Auschwitz) – saint Maksymilian Maria Kolbe. He indicated that Our Lady in Lourdes described herself as the Immaculate Conception and identifies herself with the title of the privilege; the last – only mentioned – ecumenical key, is referred to the opinion of the Group of Dombes, interconfessional assembly based in Lyon. Their opinion regards common research for answer, where the person of Mary and her privilege of the Immaculate Conception can be considered as the powerful and very fine key of reconciliation and reunification of the Church.

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