Analecta Cracoviensia, 2011, T. 43

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Wiktoryn z Poetovium – pierwszy chrześcijański egzegeta łaciński
Kasprzak, Dariusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Victorinus of Poetovium (modern Ptuj in Slovenia) was a Pannonian bishop at the main custom post on the confines of the Eastern and Western Empire (near the border of Pannonia and Noricum). He was martyred during the persecution of the Emperor Diocletian. The hypothesis that he was martyred later during the reign of Numerian is unsupported by evidence. St. Victorinus was the first Latin exegete. His writings reveal a mixture of the Judeo-Christian (Papias of Hierapolis, St. Ireneus of Lyon) and the Alexandrian exegesies (Origen). The Commentary on the Apocalyps, the short tract On the construction o f the world (De fabrica mundi) and commentary on the Parable o f the ten Virgins are the remnants of his great literary heritage, which was described by St. Jerome. Victorinus didn’t consider the biblical texts systematically but rather he commented on short selected fragments of the Bible. Following the Alexandrian allegorical exegesis, St. Victorinus focused on the different meanings of the number Seven. His allegorical treatment of the biblical text frequently became a typology. The John’s Apocalypse was crucial to the interpretation of Holy Scripture in St. Victorinus’ exegesis. Victorinus seems to have been the first to lay down the principle of interpretation in relation to the Book of Revelation. He accentuated that the God’s preaching is the only one but it is expressed in different ways in the Holy Scripture. He pointed up Christocentrisism of the biblical Revelation and the spiritual sense of each biblical text, which was closely connected and regarded the Holy Spirit as the main Author of all Scripture. Victorinus stressed also the unanimity of the biblical message in both the Old and the New Testaments.
Das Alter – ein Problem oder eine Chance? Versuch einer multiperspektivischen pastoralen Reflexion
Dziedzic, Jan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Demographic prediction, especially in Europe, indicate considerable increase in population over the age of 65. In the following years the population at generative age will be decreasing. This situation requires specific decisions from the part of a state, society and the Church. Multidimensional support to elderly people can improve the quality of their life and help to respect their dignity. Individual approach to those people is also very important. It may help to their personal (spiritual) development. This paper presents some data from sociology, psychology and theology which may be useful to integral support to an aged person. Assistance the Church offers to elderly people is not restricted to liturgical and/or pastoral care. The Church in cooperation with many other institutions runs residential homes, hospices, seniors clubs, financial support and universities (special courses) for older adults. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the needs of elderly people and to contribute to the betterment of the professional assistance to this social group.
Księgozbiór ks. Sebastiana Sierakowskiego SJ i jego „opus vitae”: „Architektura obeymuiąca wszelki gatunek murowania i budowania”
Olszowski, Leszek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Since 1825, in the Jagiellonian Library there are books given by the former rector of the University and its generous benefactor, Fr. Sebastian Sierakowski. Among more than 600 titles, there are many rare and valuable items. Besides, Fr. Sierakowski is known as an author of architectural treatise published in Krakow in 1812. In the introduction to the treatise, author points out that he tried to give the most valuable messages collected in many different works of famous architects. This article is an attempt to determine which books of Sierakowski’s collection were used by him during writing the treatise and how he used the knowledge contained there. Sierakowski’s book on architecture was undoubtedly his “opus vitae”, which sought to transfer all his knowledge and technical expertise, but in the same it revealed to us his intellectual formation. In the beginning of the 19th c. known as “pre-scientific” period, in the provincial town of Krakow, Sierakowski wrote his unique work, based on extensive literature, which the author gathered himself, fully understanding its value.
Geneza kształtowania się naukowych zainteresowań św. Józefa Bilczewskiego w okresie studiów na Wydziale Teologicznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (1880-1884)
Kałużny, Józef Cezary (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
In this article I described the origins of the evolution of Józef Bilczewski’s scientific interests (1880-1884). The effect of the study, firmly established by the analysis of the source material, was the answer to the question: who and to what extent influenced the choice of interests of the young student of theology? Reflections show that at the first stage of the evolution of his scientific interests three great researchers working at the Jagiellonian University significantly influenced him: S. Pawlicki (philosopher, theologian, classic), W. Chotkowski (Church historian), W. Lepkowski (art historian, archaeologist) and perhaps also E. Skrochowski (historian of Christian art). They turned J. Bilczewski’s attention to the tradition of classic Christianity culture at the time and directed his interest towards dogmatics. Other scientists also influenced the formation of the young clergyman; at least a few priest professors can be named here: J. S. Pelczar (history of the Church and patrology, pastoral theology), Zygmunt Lenkiewicz (moral theology), Stanisław Spis and Emil Lamboy (Scripture of the Old and New Testaments). However, it can be said with confidence that it was: S. Pawlicki, W. Chotkowski and W. Lepkowski who were responsible for the dogmatic-apologetic-antique fascinations of J. Bilczewski.
Wadowiczanie w Krakowie. Kariera akademicka i kościelna Marcina Wadowity i jego poprzedników
Graff, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article discusses the mentions of citizens of Wadowice who, like Karol Wojtyla, followed church of academic carreers. The author examines the period from the close of the Middle Ages till the times of a renown theologian from Wadowice – Marcin Wadowita (died in 1641). He tries to find all the students from Wadowice studying in Cracow at that time. The author, besides the most important facts from the life of Martin Wadowita, describes so far unknown portrait of the professor to be found in Karmelitę Monastery in Krakow. Apart from Wadowita, the article also describes Jakub from Wadowice (died in 1495), a provost in the monastery of canons regular in Kazimierz.
Sermonis brevitas amica. O długości kazania dawniej i dziś
Radej, Maciej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article is an analysis on the length of a sermon in the history of preaching. For centuries, it has been emphasized that conciseness is a friend of a sermon (sermonis brevitas amica) and a lot should be said just in a few words (multa in paucis) and – according to the Council of Trident – people should be preached “briefly and accessibly” (cum brevitate et facilitate sermonis). As an effect, there was a gradual reduction of sermons which in previous centuries were given for many hours into a ten minute Sunday homily which is expected nowadays. At the same time an interesting phenomena can be observed, namely that the very listeners would like to listen to longer sermons while retreat, concentration days or other important ceremonies during which they expect to be given deeper arguments on faith and moral life. Listeners do not feel bored with the length of a sermon if it is given by a charismatic preacher speaking with a great belief and passion.
Uczyć się od najlepszych. Tomasz z Akwinu i teologiczny dialog
Roszak, Piotr (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article presents the dialogic aspect of Aquinas’s theology in their dual dimension: on the one hand, revealing Thomas as creatively uses a variety of theological sources, as the receptor of wide spectrum of his contemporary thinkers, both Christian and Jewish as Muslim; on the other hand, his theology is marked by disputatio and a model of “thinking in opposition” characteristic of his vision of sacra doctrina conscious that “all truth, by whom ever it is spoken, comes from the Holy Spirit”, as he wrote in Summa Theologica. Aquinas effectively extract the most important message from the works of Aristotle, Augustine, Pseudo-Dionysius, Seneca and use all this auctoritasvn the special «apostolate of the intellect». Thomas teaches the “how” to think. Based theology on aristotelian concept of theoria is not “to beton” the truth, but it clearly shows that theology as a “rational reflection of the faith” leads to a kind of dialogue with reality. Among the works written by him, we meet not only those who want to “consolidate” the faith, but also have a significant apologetic’s dimension. Thomas wants to demostrate the credibility of Christianity as a rational option, which corresponds to the dignity of man and fully develop his capabilities. Theology becomes in this way “thinking faith” which is a participation in God’s knowledge about himself. Therefore, in the article special emphasis put on De rationibusfldei, one of the intriguing works of Aquinas which presents Christianity as a attractive and reasonable proposal for a man, distinguished by the trinitarian horizon of his thinking.
Legislative Initiative in the Church as a Right of Christ’s Faithful
Kroczek, Piotr (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The right of legislative initiative is a widely recognized prerogative that entitles the users of law to make a legislating body undertake certain action connected with the content of a new law. The article presents the problem of legislative initiative in the perspective of the Catholic Church. The main conclusion flowing from the deliberations is as follows: the right in question has its place in church regulations and in life of the community of believers, but its range and the way of realization are specific to the Catholic Church.
Tytuł Boga RḤMNN – „Miłosierny” z żydowskich i chrześcijańskich inskrypcji przedmuzułmańskiej Arabii. Politeistyczna czy monoteistyczna geneza koranicznego ar-Raḥmān?
Kościelniak, Krzysztof (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Recited several times as part of the Muslim daily prayers basiamo contains three definite nouns: Allah, Raḥmān and Raḥmīm ([…]; bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm). Especially the epithet […] ( Raḥmān – “the Merciful”), which is found in the Sabaean inscriptions in the form RḤMNN (Raḥmānān), has a relatively long history in the Middle East. The study of the pre-Islamic Arabic cultures provides the context of numerous religious interactions in the evolution of Raḥmān's meaning. RḤMNN – used by Polytheist Arabs, Jews and Christians – is constantly confirmed in inscriptions, particularly from the so-called “Late Sabaean Period” (after 380) that were associated with Monotheism. During that time Judaism and Christianity attempted to replace the traditional South Arabian religion. Muhammad might have borrowed this name from three sources, which were present in his milieu. RḤMNN – [...] understood by Jews and Christians as “Lord, the Merciful, Master of Heaven” was useful for Islam, the new Monotheistic religion. On the other hand, in South Arabia RḤMNN signified a Moon-god, whom Muhammad even occasionally confused with “Allah” or used as a substitute for “Allah”.
Johannes Paul II – neuer europäischer Seliger und Wegbereiter Europas
Kijas, Zdzisław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The author commences with Benedict XVI’s text, given on September 13, 2006 during the blessing of the basilica’s organ, “Unserer Lieben Frau zur Alten Kapele”, in Regensburg. The Pope stated that the organ is the king of musical instruments because it is the only instrument that can capture all the voices of creation. Coming from that perspective, the author looks at John Paul II as a great organ player who knew how to “play” the organ of spiritual and cultural treasures of Europe. He did this by pronouncing new patrons of Europe such as Saints Cyril and Methodius, St. Bridget, St. Catherine and St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. Through his long pontificate, John Paul II called all inhabitants of this continent to breathe with “both lungs”, i.e. East and West, drawing from the treasures of one and the other “parts” of Europe. At the same time, he stressed the need for solidarity and help for those in need, highlighting that the “poor” does not necessarily mean someone without goods, but rather suffering temporarily from a shortage of goods. In his view, solidarity was the expression of love that is the most desired and awaited for the further spiritual development of Europe. It is also essential for sharing achievements with others. John Paul II also underscored the need for positive enrichment of national identity for people living in this territory. At the same time, he admonished negative expressions of nationalism; which always resulted in negative outcome for Europe. Likewise, he encouraged that Europe and its citizens do not look into the past with nostalgia, in the direction of its past greatness, but bravely look into the future, undertaking the mission of sharing achievements and learning from others. These and other statements describe John Paul Il’s attitude and essence as a holy artist, who performed on grand and beautiful “organs” of European identity, uncovering the scale of tones, as the time and need arose, creating a beautiful composition.
In Search of Expression of Faith: Two Complementary Ways in the Central Europe – Art and Mysticism
Tabor, Dariusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The one of the most important trends of medieval culture was the tension between faith and its expression. This text explains how two parts of the medieval culture – art and mysticism was becoming the manifestation of faith. The picturing legend of saint Hedwig contains the miniature which represents God the Father entrusting Gabriel the mission, God the Father holding Jesus Child and archangel Gabriel announcing to Mary. The descending line, in which these pictures are disposed corresponds with the descending structure of the first sermon from the cycle In laudibusvirginis Mariae of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Bothe express the mystery of Incarnation. The retable from Świeżawa represents the Trinity as the Throne o f Grace (Sedesgratiae). In facts it represents God the Father displaying the crucified Christ. Two texts of mysticism converge on the content of this picture. Johannes Marienwerder (Jan of Kwidzyn) describes three ways of God’s cognition: way of reasoning, way of devotion and way of glorification. The prayer of Wladislaus, king of Bohemy and Hungary has also the Trinitarian structure – the praying person mentions the Father as Creator, the Son as savior and The Holy Spirit acting in Baptism. The nailed lamb from the retable quarter of Torun, named Quinitas is the integrating symbol, who connects the persons of picture. He symbolizes the crucified Christ and the Christ present in the Eucharist. The lamb from the mystical vision of Mechtild of Magdeburg holds the similar meaning. The press of wine – the wall painting in the Franciscan cloister in Cracow represents the situation, in which the blood of Christ flows from the basin of press to the mass chalice. It correspond with the theological explanation of eucharistie transformation in the work of Johannes Isner “Expositiomissae” Gertrude of Helfta recognizes the consecrated wine as a manifestation of love of Christ to his bride – Churche. The retable of Brzeg – Vir Dolorum represents the suffering Christ. Mechtild of Magdeburg displays the similar vision of the suffering Savior in her writings.
Exegetical and Theological Implications of ίερόν and ναός in Mark 11-15
Mikołajczak, Mieczysław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The analysis undertaken by the author of this article aims at the presentation of mutual exegetical – theological implications of the usage of ίερόν and ναός in Mk 11-15. The objective of the research carried out in this article is to find an answer to the following question: Has the theme of the temple during the Passion of Christ been presented by Marc from a new perspective and if so then to what extent. The problem whether the usage respectively of ίερόν and ναός is just a reference to the setting has also been taken into consideration. In his research the author has come to a conclusion that the theme of ίερόν and ναός in Mk 11-15 has not been presented by Marc as the essential part of the chapters in question. But at the same time the theme of the temple in the second Gospel helps the reader to notice and to understand the role and significance of the Messiah, the Son of God. That is why St. Marc has not abandoned the theme of the temple in his description of the Passion of Christ but continues it discreetly until he comes to the heart of it which is also the heart of the Gospel – the cross. The author comes to a conclusion that in Mk 11-15 there is a distinct and contrasting difference between ίερόν and ναός but simultaneously each term used by the evangelist in its proper context renders the meaning and sense in a very precise way, just as the context of the Gospel narrative would require. St. Marc does it in a very coherent and conscientious way – much better than other evangelists or classical Hellenic authors do.
Recepcja postaci Jana Chrzciciela w ewangeliach pseudoepigraficznych
Nowak, Dominik (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The pseudepigraphic Gospels are relatively strong interested in the person of John the Baptist. Although they are based on the canonical traditions of the Baptist, were these of them, in some cases very strongly, reinterpreted. The pseudepigraphic Gospels are characterized by very specific hermeneutics. In many cases descriptions of activities of John have the form of hagiography, which contains the wonderful elements. Sometimes the reflection about the Baptist have an abstractive dimension. The figure of John is by the authors of the pseudoepigraphic Gospels not only reproduced, but at the same time created. In this context plays an important role the Christian perspective as well as other forms of religiosity and spirituality.
Napiętnowanie niewierności i obłudy narodu wybranego przez proroków okresu asyryjskiego w państwie południowym
Adamczyk, Dariusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Prophets of Assyrian period in south nation stigmatize infidelity of the chosen nation, pride, sins of leaders and hypocrisy and deviation of cultural practices. Sins of leaders of Israel especially aim in social order. Prophets of VIII century before Christ criticize celebrated cult by these, who say that during victims, pilgrimages, or external prayer can enter into direct relationship with the God. Meanwhile the way access to the God is listen his words and perform his will, what should be reflected in social relations and in practice of justice and mercy. The minor thing of prophets irritation is attitude and behavior holding the cult. Prophets show that sins of the chosen nation will bring God’s punishment and irreversible judgment day. The nation can gain forgiveness, so prophets invoke Israelites to conversion.
„Prawo żywe i przemożne”: wolność religijna w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II
Dobrzyński, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article on “Vivid and Pressing Right: Freedom of religion in John Paul’s Teaching” is a synthesis of main topics related to the papal doctrine. It was affirmed that the Pontiff developed the teaching of Vatican II on the subject and his teachings had ecumenical and deep humanistic significance. Human dignity is a basis for religious liberty. Freedom to search for the truth, moral conscience and responsibility for being witnesses to the faith are manifestations of the transcendental dimensions of human beings. It is the principle reason why the right of religious liberty should be protected. John Paul II underlined the fundamental role of religious liberty with regard to the other human rights and to the State’s constitution and law, to the culture and social customs too. The reason for this relationship is the integral vision of man and of human morality and the role of the social values which in itself forms part of the right for religious freedom. Religious liberty guarantees the fruitful mission of the Church in the society and her contribution for the common good. This right is an important factor for peaceful coexistence of different religions in a multicultural world.
Wolność religijna warunkiem pokoju
Dyduch, Jan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
Pope Benedict XVI has made the sentence: “Freedom of Religion: the Way to Peace” into a key idea of his message for the celebration of the World Day of Peace in 2011. In face of the contemporary religious persecutions, He reminded that the violation of religious freedom destroys social order and peace in the world. The task of religious communities, political groups, and international structures is the proclamation and defense of human dignity and of the resulting from it right to religious freedom. This action is necessary for the protection of peace.
Logos i niewiasta u początków Kościoła. Szkic do eklezjogenezy
Napiórkowski, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article attempts to determine the origins of the Church. The author maintains that the formation of the Church should be perceived as a concept coming from God the Father. The Church originated at the time of the Fall of Adam and Eve. A resulting breach of human communion with God triggered an immediate response on the part of God. It was His divine purpose that the communion be re-established, but on a different level. This was achieved in the biblical Eden. The Eternal Logos has not only fulfilled the creative, but also the redemptive function. A Woman is permanently inscribed into the origins of the Church. In her we may see Mary, the Mother of Christ and the Mother of Church.
Wsparcie psychopedagogiczne rodziny dziecka w cierpieniu wszechogarniającym realizowane w warunkach hospicyjnych
Godawa, Grzegorz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The comprehensive suffering starts when the pain paralyzes not only the body but also particular forms of human activity. The suffering affects the ill person as well as their environment. It is especially severe for a family with a terminally ill child. Hence, the family often expects help from professionals. Psychopedagogical support of the ill child and its family implemented in a hospice environment embraces several spheres of the family functioning, e.g. the activity aimed at reformulation of the family goals, a response to the healthy siblings’ needs, strengthening of marital bonds and support in mourning.
Jak współcześni poeci polscy interpretują nawrócenie Szawła? Narracja Dziejów Apostolskich i Wirkungsgeschichte
Pindel, Roman (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article contains the analysis of the message of three texts of the Acts (9: 1-19; 22: 3-21; 26: 12-19) and its Wirkungsgeschichte. The whole history of Polish literature knows only five poets who were inspired by the text of Saul’s conversion. All of them published their poems in the second half of the 20th century. The Damascus road experience and Saul’s call was described by Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna, Roman Brandstaetter, Anna Kamieńska, Janusz St. Pasierb and Jan Turnau. The common theme is Saul’s conversion but each of poet pays attention to another aspect of apostle’s change.
Rola myślenia w religijnej i magicznej interpretacji rzeczywistości
Cholewa, Marcin; Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
It is difficult to precisely point out elements which are characteristic solely for religion or solely for magic. Due to this, the objective factor seems to be insufficient in accurate determination of a demarcation criterion between religion and magic. Therefore, there is a necessity of looking for other criteria allowing for such distinction. Thinking, as a subjective and relational category, seems to be a good opportunity for overcoming this difficulty. Three types of thinking differentiated in the article (thinking in the area of a norm, borderland thinking and pathological thinking) enable initial indication of similarities and differences between religious and magical thinking. On the other hand, making references to the texts of Durkheim, Malinowski, Frazer, Goode, Sieradzan, Wypustek or Pindel, i.e. authors who dealt with the relation between religion and magic during ancient times, became a starting point for formulating 13 criteria which differentiate and, at the same time, characterize two styles of thinking: religious and magical.

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