Seminare, 2006, Tom 23

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Teoria przywiązania J. Bowlby’ego
Marchwicki, Piotr (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
It is generally accepted that John Bowlby’s attachment theory is the first scientific attempt to apply the ethological model to explain problems regarding mental development of a human being, especially in the first years of his or her life. Actually, the origin of the attachment theory was inspired not only by studies on experiences of infants and children separated from their parents but also by results of ethological studies on animal instinct behaviors, especially of birds and mammals. In the present paper, firstly, the context which originated the attachment theory is outlined. Subsequently, main elements of that theory are presented, such as: phylogenesis and organization of functioning of the attachment system, continuity of attachment across the human life, internal working models of attachment, behavioral systems related to attachment, connection between disturbed development of attachment and mental disorders. Finally, functioning of attachment in human life from infancy to adolescence and adulthood are described.
Opiekuńczo-wychowawczy i profilaktyczny charakter salezjańskiej pracy socjalnej z młodzieżą na przykładzie działalności Regionalnego Centrum „Don Bosco” w Ratyzbonie
Stępkowski, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The article describes the idea of youth social work (Jugendsozialarbeit), which was started in 19th century in Germany. Firstly, it provides an overview of historical orgins of youth education, which emphasise elimination of social pathologies and professional training. The link between various activities and religious education is illustrated by quotations from the pioneers of youth social work: Johann G. Breuer and Adolph Kolping. This unity determines the pedagogic character of education process as a whole. Summing up the first period of youth social work development, it is possible to point out its two distinctive features: (1) sensitivity to the youth social needs with the attention paid to professional training and (2) morality-based education. On the basis of the above-mentioned, the following section presents theories of dealing with difficult teenagers, especially those developed in the 20th century. This leads to a conclusion that the activities taken as a part of youth social work are often a response to the needs of young generation. The third section gives an insight into the activity of Regional Centre “Don Bosco” in Regensburg in Germany. This is a centre, where education is carried out according to rules of youth social work. The last issue in the article is contemporary crisis of youth social work identity. The author suggests that one of the reasons for the situation is less stress on axiological and religious aspects, which determine pedagogic character of youth social work.
Specyfika natury ludzkiej w aspekcie zdolności do kontemplowania własnej egzystencji
Diłanian, Grzegorz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Homo sapiens, as one of many biological species, came into existence in evolution progress based on natural selection. That makes him tightly bounded to the world of animals. However, scientifical and philosophical reflection about human being points clearly at exceptionality of his nature. It significantly appears in human ability to contemplate his own existence. The aim of this article is to outline several aspects of this exceptionality. First of all, human is the only living creature which achieved capability of auto-reflection. Although there are some well developed animals aware of their existence, only human “knows that he knows”. Such conclusions are drawn from critical, socio-biological analysis of human-nature theory and evolutionary theory of perception, based on results of etologists’research. Secondly, Homo sapiens also possesses awareness of his existence limitation. It is impossible to explain human nature without reflection about this. Only human experiences the death in two ways: “from the inside”, where death appears to be a natural and biologically explainable phenomenon and “from the outside” – from this perspective, on the one hand, death is horrifying and mysterious, what leads to mutiny and disagreement, but on the other hand, sometimes reveals transcendental aspects of the world. Thirdly, such experiences cause human a question about meaning of actions and existence itself. This question, as T. Bielecki and V. Frankl’s analyses show, is so fundamental and essential that lack of the answer or will to look for it leads to anxiousness, neurosis and frustrations. The fact of asking such questions, as well as negative consequences of fruitless looking for the answer significantly characterizes Homo sapiens and separates him from the world of nature. Discovery and understanding of particular aspects of human nature and pointing out those which distinguish human from “lower” creatures is a proper perspective for discussion on “who the man is”.
Współczesne dylematy wychowania: ponowoczesna względność a niezmienność norm wychowawczych
Chrobak, Stanisław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Meditations of human being existence and development focus on individual dimension of his live. Human live persistently is spread out between “topical being” and “possible being”. Individual dimension of human live is realized in rightly action. Is very important to give an answer who the mankind are. Each man is a rational, free, assigning to eternal Lord human being. The main aim of education is to prepare the young man to taking a leadership over his own development process. The teacher meet his pupil in act of “being himself”. The first of all, he have to find his personality, truth and values. The next step is to help his pupil became a human. Person is the greatest good and only love exemplify property and valuable reference to him. The personality norm try to emphasize particular human position as a person with his separateness and transcendental dimension. The personality human education shows as a open possibility of meeting which is realized in change and conversion making freedom.
Duszpasterstwo rodzin mających dzieci, czy duszpasterstwo dzieci? Posługa Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce wobec dziecka
Bieleń, Robert (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Families, societies and the Catholic Church have high hope for children. The Catholic Church carries out its duty within pastoral care of the family and pastoral care of the child. The article deals with some aspects and relations between pastoral care of the child and pastoral care of the family. Particularly, it deals with the essence of childhood, religious and social situation of the child in Polish families and relations between family and child pastoral care.
Postawy polskiej młodzieży akademickiej w konfrontacji ze zmieniającą się płaszczyzną społeczno-polityczną współczesnej Europy
Woś, Marek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
For a very long historical period the Polish society had lived in an isolated centre of Europe which was divided ideologically, economically and intellectually. The level of life in West Europe made up for people an unattainable ceiling. The historical changes appeared in a sudden way, which made the political conditioning blocking the unity of the continent fell into ruin. As the result of it the new proposals were opened for the society, and first of all new tasks – the integration of old continent. For major part of society coming together those not always consenting two cultures means that the earlier acquired, assimilated ways of life lost the effectiveness, becoming harmful in new reality or they meet with the negative function, while the new cultural rules appear to them as strange and imposed by force. The level of social consciousness, intensity of commitment in social-economical-political life depends on the level of education, also maneuvering the economic, social and cultural base so that it can bring the complex level of satisfaction in every separate treatment.
Kartezjańska nauka o porządku w nowych zasadach filozoficzno-przyrodniczych
Bartoszewski, Jakub (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
This article presents the problem designed by Descartes. The French philosopher sufficiently separated himself from philosophical tradition by creating his own philosophical system, based on clear and understandable rules, the system described here in a short form and formulated in the following topic: “Descartes’ idea of order within new philosophical and scientific principles and its „sailing” in the world of human existence”. Descartes, supported by logical truths, secured the meaning of cognition. The meaning, which is, and at the same time motivates the category of all consideration of the world and human existence. Thus, what sense could there be in talking about anything if the truth was crumbled? As reflected in the article, it was Descartes’ desire to be uncompromising and not to accept any discretion in cognition, and to reveal that the mathematical character of knowledge (though it was not the philosopher’s intention) makes it impersonalized and deprived not only of emotions, but also of any subjectivity, although it derives from animal rationale. His philosophical concept is directed towards utopian -isms.
Mityczno-magiczne źródła antropocentryzmu
Ganowicz-Baczyk, Anita (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The aim of the article is to show, that an attitude towards nature called anthropocentrism has its origins in the primitive magic rituals or religions. Human’s perception of his place in the Universe had been changing throughout the history and firstly man probably was far from belief in his own dignity in the nature. But even though, roots of an anthropocentrism were present very early, and the most clearly in man’s beliefs according to his destiny and sense of existence. First of all, the middle eastern ancient anthropogonies show us an heterogeneous image of the man. On the one hand man is weak, mortal being, on the other hand he differs from the rest of the world and is exceptional somehow. This is connected with man’s perception of the reality in which feeling of being in the centre of the happening is natural. And consequently, the ancient inhabitants of the Middle East believed that they lived in the centre of the Universe (geocentrism). Next characteristic of the ancient religions is that gods and human beings were very alike. Furthermore, people despite their respect to nature could be very proud and they acted as if they had any power over the weather conditions. Moreover, they interpreted severe disasters as some kind of punishment for their sins. Such an attitude suggests that from the beginning of their history people were very anthropocentric.
Uniwersalizm czy partykularyzm – współczesny niekonieczny antagonizm
Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The article is an attempt to reflect on matters well known but also matters of crucial importance considering the cultural context in which Europe has found itself the last couple of decades. The concept of universalism is today opposed to particularism, which is considered to be an antagonism that slows down the universality and unity of Europe. The author tries to achieve an analysis of concepts as well as a sociological analysis and to answer the question whether such an approach is advisable. He also makes an attempt to find the complementary principles of universalism and particularism.
Ammissione alle nozze e prevenzione della nullitá del matrimonio, a cura di Miguel A. Ortiz, Giuffrè Editore 2005, pp. XVIII + 371.
Stawniak, Henryk (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Den Katolske Kirke i Norge – fra kristingen till idag, red. John W. Gran, E. Gunnes, L.R. Langsled, Oslo 1993, ss. 538.
Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Wyznanie grzechów (confessio peccatorum) w nauczaniu św. Hilarego z Poitiers
Kołosowski, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Saint Hilary was eminent bishop in Poitiers in Gallic town in the fourth century. Through exegetic and theological works he passed to history of the early Christian literature and the theology as the distinguished theologian among Latin Church Father between Tertulian and St. Augustine. In these writings he speaks very much about the place and role of the punishment in the life of the man. The author analyses in the article these fragments of Hilary's writings, which treat about the Christian punishment. This analysis brings on the author to definite conclusions. The man undertakes the penitential attitude already during the baptism. He makes up his mind on rupture with the sin and to enter on the way of the virtue, and in the baptism he receives the remission of sins. One can say that this is the first punishment in the life of Christian – paenitentia prima. Christian for imperfect and inclined to the sin the nature, can undertake the second punishment, to obtain the remission of sins after the baptism. Hilary writes in his writings nothing about the penitentiary practice of the Church in the fourth century. He represents however deep theological interpretation on of the punishment of Christian for sins committed after the baptism. This punishment is based on the confession of sins – confessio peccatorum. The confession of sins should be a permanent attitude of Christian until his death. As long as the man possesses the free will perhaps to do penance and to confess its own sins. In the Hilary's opinion confessio peccatorum should be preceded a deep meditation over own peccability and a recognition of own wrong-doings as sinful. Only this makes possible the authentic frankness of confession. The authentic sorrow and the sincere will of the permanent struggle with the sinful nature should accompany in confessing of sins. The punishment should make for the conversion. The bishop of Poitiers accents in the Christian punishment these elements which to today we qualify as necessary conditions of the good sacramental confession. Hilary doesn’t admit none routine in the penitential practice of the Christian life.
K. Bartnicka, J. Szybiak, Zarys historii wychowania, Żak, Warszawa 2001, s. 221.
Niewęgłowski, Jan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Julian Steward and the Great Basin. The Making of an Anthropologist, red. R.O. Clemmer, L.D. Myeres, M.E. Rudden, The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 1999, ss. xxii + 288.
Sadowski, Ryszard F. (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Enrico dal Covolo, Ojcowie Kościoła mistrzami formacji kapłańskiej, tłumaczenie z włoskiego Krzysztof Charamsa, Lublin 2005, ss. 69.
Nyk, Adam (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
Elementy „teologii ciała” w myśli św. Hieronima na podstawie jego korespondencji
Gburek, Andrzej (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The article refers anthropology of Jerome, what gets out of his correspondence. The author represents elements of the present theology of the body, which can be found inwards of saint Jerome of referring directly to the human body, his nature, psychically-physical form and the sexuality. He indicates the function of the body and his destination both in the dimension of the earthly life, as and in the eternity. The author analyzing the content of letters represents the opinion of Jerome as against of the man being unity of two elements: carnal and spiritual. Between the body and the soul exist the different kind straining and crises which however should contribute to reaching of the harmony in the man who its own apogee attains in Christ who is a Fullness.
Eklezjotwórczy charakter Eucharystii jako ofiary
Migut, Bogusław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
When talking about the ecclesiogenic role of the Eucharist John Paul II emphasizes the significance of the union with Christ, or the communion. The Eucharist, being the communion with Christ, builds the Church. However, in an ontological order, out of all three dimensions of the Eucharist (commemoration, sacrifice, banquet), John Paul II considers the dimension of sacrifice [the sacrificial dimension] as the most important. On this basis the following conclusion arises. The foundation of the communion is re-presentation of Christ’s sacrifice on the cross as well as this sacrifice being joined by people of all times. Building the Church through the communion is a result achieved by re-presenting and performing Christ’s sacrifice. On the believers’ part, this building the Church consists in conscious inclusion of their spiritual sacrifices into Christ’s only sacrifice, and on Christ’s part – in unifying these sacrifices with His own sacrifice. It is impossible to separate ultimately the ecclesiogenic power of the sacrifice from that of the banquet as they mutually overlap by their very nature. The Eucharist builds the horizontal communion (communion among people), originating from the vertical communion (communion with God) and leading to it.
Kryzys duchowy we współczesnym świecie jako problem religijno-moralny
Borutka, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The question of spirituality is a very broad and multifaceted concept. In Christian understanding spirituality has both personal and social dimensions. It marks man's relationship with God, expressing itself in a specific attitude to life throughout the history of the relationship of mankind with its Creator. The crisis emerges primarily in questioning fundamental values and principles. Consequently there is no longer room in our social life for objective truth, moral, ideological or religious values. Skepticism dominates over rationality. What's more, proponents of this paradigm announce a departure, in social life, from traditional symbols, ethical criteria and patterns of behavior in favor of cultural pluralism, social and axiological differentiation and individual subjectivism. This leads undoubtedly to secularism whose effects are most clearly seen in the moral and religious life of man. These effects become increasingly dangerous because of the inevitable advance of the process of globalization. Although globalization is not a direct symptom of spiritual crisis, but a consequence of the development of civilization, yet it can be disturbed by spiritual crisis. Currently we observe the advance of processes distorting globalization.
Powstanie i status Narodowego Banku Polskiego
Kraś, Ireneusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)
The beginning and rules and regulations of The Polish Central Bank have been described in this article. The circumstances of the beginning and functioning of the Polish Bank – the first central bank in our country, have been introduced. The other part of this article describes problems connected with functioning of the central in free market economy. Another problem shown in this article refers to kinds of independencies of the central bank. It should be considered in the aspect of functional, institutional and political independency. Problems connected with models of the central bank is also presented in the end of this article.
Kulturowe aspekty integracji europejskiej w kierunku jedności kulturowej Europy
Skorowski, Henryk (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2006)

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