Polonia Sacra, 2002, R. 6 (24), Nr 10 (54)

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Apokaliptyczne plagi
Zbroja, Bogdan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
L'article cité a pour le but de presenter un problém interesant des plaies descrit dans L'Apocalypse. L'auteur nous approche la riche terminologie des plaies et un contexte exact avec tous les lieux oû ce mot appairaît La plupart du texte est consacrée à l'analyse de la part de L'Apocalypse oû nous retrouvons ce mot – clé. La première remarque fait penser aux plaies d'Egypte descrit dans Le Livre D'Exode. La Révélation du Saint Jean se sert d'une façon exacte de la pensée teologique inclue dans l'histoire des plaies D'Egypte. L'exploration y compris permet de constater que les plaies de L'Apocalypse ont avant tout le but pedagogique – alors, c'est l'appel à la conversion des péchés. Cependant, la signification du therme plaie est très riche et large dans L'Apocalypse. Ce mot correspond â la destruction des infidèles et aussi lance un avertissement vers un lecteur eventuel de L'Apocalypse.
Asystencja przy zawieraniu małżeństwa w parafii wojskowej (garnizonowej) według konstytucji apostolskiej Spirituali militium curae
Dudziak, Jan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Der Verfasser stellt im Artikel die Frage vor, ob die Delegation und Subdelegation zur Eheassistenz vom Militärordinarius sowie vom Militärpfarrer im Lichte des Codex Iuris Canonici zusammen mit den Verordnungen der Apostolischen Konstitution Spirituali Militum Curae vom Jahre 1986 gegeben werden dürfen. Vor allem wurde vom Verfasser die Amtsnatur des Militärordinarius und des Militärpfarrers genau beschrieben. Dann hat er die Möglichkeit der Delegation und der Subdelegation überlegt. Das Problem steht doch darin, daß die kirchliche Gewalt des Militärordinarius und des Militärpfarrers im kanonischen Sinn von der Natur Personalgewalt nicht aber Ortsgewalt ist Nach der sorgfältigen Analyse hat jedoch der Verfasser festgestellt daß der Militärordinarius wie auch der Militärpfarrer jene Delegation und Subdelegation weitergeben dürfen. Obwohl ihre kirchliche Gewalt im kanonischen Sinn personal ist, doch die päpstliche Konstitution Spirituali Militum Curae vom Jahre 1986 ihnen beiden diese Personalgewalt gründlich spezifisiert hatte. Sie machte es in diesem nämlich Sinn, daß jene Personalgewalt des Militärordinarius und des Militärpfrarrers mit der Ortsgewalt des Diözesanbischofs und mit der Ortsgewalt des Ortspfarrers gemeinsam, das heißt „kumulativ” ist („potestas cumulativa”). Deswegen hat die kirchliche Gewalt des Militärordinarius und des Militärpfarrers ein wahrhaftes Verhältnis und eine tiefe Analogie. Mit der teritorialen Gewalt des Ortsordinarius und des Ortspfarrers. Deshalb werden diese Delegation und Subdelegation vom Kanon 1111 § 1 des Kirchenrechtskodex nicht als ungültig verdammt.
Bóstwo i człowieczeństwo Syna Bożego w prologu Listu do Hebrajczyków
Bogacz, Roman (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The paper asks a question about the nature of the Son of God as shown in the prologue to the Letter to the Hebrews. Does it show the divine or human nature? It turns out that in the prologue to the Letter the author perceives His human nature (the second verse) and soon after, the divine (the beginning of the third verse), and – writing about the clearing of sins – the thought of the human nature of the Son of God returns to show His elevation. The fourth verse is a transition to the first part of the Letter and heralds its subject of superiority of the Son of God over the angles.
Cele i zadania polityki oraz zobowiązania polityczne w świetle nauczania Kościoła
Borutka, Tadeusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The nature of human makes him or her a social being. Thus, in order to ensure one's proper development, he or she needs involvement in interpersonal relations. This is assured also by political community created by country. Common welfare for all citizens is the main aim of politics. On the way to it country should follow the rule of the subsidiary. Politics, as rational and conscious act of man, is characterised by moral responsibility. Everybody has right and duty to take part in life of his or her political community. Everybody has right to contribute to creating its common welfare and is obliged to responsible participation in political life. In its narrow meaning, politics is understood as participation in governing and endeavours of keeping it. Only those who have proper skills and qualifications are obliged to practise politics in the above mentioned sense. On the other hand, in its broader meaning, politics is about taking part in parliamentary elections. All citizens have right to and are obliged to participate in political activity conceived in this way. Church, as a social community, fulfils its right and duty to participate in political life through the activity of the laymen. The consecrated people have the right to express personal political views and to make choices on their own. They should not, though, engage in political life directly as members of political parties or government representatives.
Człowiek w świecie komputerów
Zwoliński, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The history of the development of computers is short and unusually dynamic. Information that reaches man from different sources: school, television, video films and computer games has an influence on his thoughts. These, in turn, influence man's attitude, which, finally, has an impact on his behaviour and acts. The chain of interdependencies makes us use the verified sources of impressions, experiences and information. These include the benefits of computers. For decades thinkers, psychologists and educators have been warning the public against shaping people into “electronic simpletons” with a thoughtless attitude to computers. K. Jaspers claimed that man learns to use objects he does not understand and does not even try to understand in order to use properly; he is only interested in the crowning of truth and not seeking it or experiencing it. Inventing a technical product is a result of intellectual effort, but using an invention does not require initiative. Man starts to operate on a merely resultative level. The computer has a chance to fulfil its historic task only if man – while using it – does not forget about the proper order of things, hierarchy of values; if he uses this “technological miracle” to “be” more, to multiply good more efficiently and grow towards the fullness of humanity.
Duchowość chrześcijańska dawnej Rusi – Ukrainy
Nowakowski, Przemysław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Considering Christian spirituality we can speak of its different kinds depending on which nation of the big family of Christian nations we analyse. This is particularly justified in the case of eastern Christianity, where the process of inculturation influences theology, liturgy and spirituality very clearly. Eastern Slavs joined the christened peoples rather late – at the time when the basic framework of ecclesiastical life had already been formed. The spirituality of the Kiev Ruthenia continued Greek and Byzantine traditions but it adjusted the accepted patterns to its individual character thus creating its own profile of sainthood. The paper presents a few examples of the most widely-known saints of ancient Ruthenia and classifies them in several groups (monk, martyr and ruler saints). In this way a picture of spirituality of the first centuries of Christianity in Ruthenia – Ukraine is sketched. It is to this old, genuine spirituality, enriched by peculiar, national characteristics, that Ukraine – now undergoing its revival process – turns in search of identity of Christian roots.
Dydaktyczne zasady nauczania związane z działaniami ucznia w procesie kształcenia w katechezie biblijnej
Stypułkowska, Beata (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The content of the presented paper is centered around a certain group of didactic principles of teaching and their significance in biblical catechesis. This group is constituted by the principles dealing with pupils' activity in the education process. Here belong the principles of: activity, individualisation and collectivity, self-dependence, and teaching the skills of learning. These principles guide the attention of a teacher towards the pupil as a person being the main and the most important subject of the education process. The results of education depend also strongly on the engagement and conscious acceptance of the didactic goals by the pupil. A single biblical catechesis realised in the course of the religion teaching is an element of biblical formation planned in the systematic and well-ordered way for the whole period of school education. A teacher cannot present basic biblical knowledge to his/her pupils during even the most skilfully given biblical catechesis. Moreover, the properly given biblical catechesis exclude such a possibility. Each lesson should lead to greater and greater self-dependence of pupils in gaining knowledge and skills of working with biblical texts. This goal can be obtained only if there are applied the didactic principles of teaching dealing with pupils' activity.
Eklezjalny wymiar pokuty w Listach św. Bazylego Wielkiego
Kaczmarek, Sylwia (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Il cristiano di oggi, influenzato dal modello dell esagerato individualismo, non riesce a capire l'aspetto ecclesiale della penitenza. Analizzando le „Epistole” di san Basilio il Grande, e specialmente le tre Lettere canoniche, troviamo una disciplina penitenziale sconvolgente per noi. Per i peccati gravi la Chiesa del IV secolo imponeva pene, che potevano durare venti, trenf anni, o anche tutta la vita, e avevano carattere pubblico. Già il fatto di poter avere accesso alla penitenza esigeva alcune condizioni. Descrivendo le pratiche penitenziali tipiche per i quattro gruppi dei penitenti: piangentes, audientes, prostrati e stantes, l'articolo espone gli aspetti ecclesiali della penitenza. Tra di essi si può enumerare: 1. l'allontanamento del peccatore dall'Eucaristia e dalla comunità cristiana; 2. il ruolo del vescovo, come reppresentante della Chiesa e reppresentante di Dio, neU'indicare la penitenza e controllare il suo procedimento; 3. la forma pubblica della penitenza, che oltre allo scopo espiatore e terapeutico ha anche uno scopo pedagogico; 4. la partecipazione della comunità ecclesiale alla penitenza attraverso la preghiera. Come il peccato ha indebolito la Chiesa, così la penitenza, in particolare l'aspetto dell'ardore e della perseveranza del penitente, contribuiscono alla fortificazione della fede e dello zelo dei cristiani; testimoniano che, con la grazia di Dio, il cristiano può vincere il peccato e nella comunità della Chiesa ritrovare la via che porta all'eternità.
Everett C. Blake, Anna G. Edmmonds, Biblical sites in Turkey, Istanbul 1998, stron 184
Zbroja, Bogdan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Gustave Martelet, Odnalezione życie wieczne, WAM, Kraków 2000, stron 250
Łukaszuk, Tadeusz Dionizy (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Jarosław Grabowski, L'identità dei fedeli laici nella Chiesa come mistero di comunione alla luce della „Christifideles laici” di Giovanni Paolo II”, (Pontificia Studiorum Universitas a S. Thoma AQ. in Urbe) Roma 2001, stron 243
Napiórkowski, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Kardynał Zenon Grocholewski, La filosofia del Derecho en las ensenanzas de Juan Pablo II y otros escitos (Filozofia prawa w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II i inne pisma), wyd. Institute de Hum anidades Universidad de la Sabana, Bogota-Colombia 2001, ss. 73, na język hiszpański przetłumaczył Bogdan Piotrowski
Dyduch, Jan (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Kościół a świat reklamy
Ligęza, Kazimierz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
It is difficult to imagine our modem world without advertising. We encounter it everywhere. Advertising dominates especially mass media, with which it is closely associated. Big influence of the contents of advertising on mentality and morality of contemporary man was bound to evoke considerable interest of the Church. Numerous documents Magisterium Ecclesiae, in which the complex phenomena of the world of advertising are discussed, are a proof. Assuming positive approach towards electronic media the Church sees in them a great opportunity to preach the Good News, also within the media. Guarding integral development of man and his supernatural vocation, however, the Church points out, among other things, the dangers resulting from uncritical reception of the contents of advertising. To play a positive role in social life advertising has to observe moral order in the first place. This includes respect of man's dignity and care for the truthfulness of advertisements. Hence, an indispensable warrant of proper influence of advertising business is a wellformed, responsible conscience of this sector's employees and moral maturity of recipients of advertisements.
Ks. Józef Kozyra, Jezus Chrystus jako APXH. Protologia chrystologiczna pierwotnej tradycji apostolskiej Nowego Testamentu w interpretacji rdzenia APX- (Rozprawy Instytutu Teologiczno-Pastoralnego w Katowicach 4) Katowice 2001, stron 334
Jelonek, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Mariologia ekumeniczna encykliki Redemptoris Mater
Życiński, Wojciech (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The doctrine within the scope of Mariology presented in the encyclical Redemptoris Mater has a strictly ecumenical dimension. John Paul n presents Mariological deposit of faith in a new way legible for Catholics and Christians of other denominations alike. The Holy Father refers in the first place to Biblical arguments (sola Scriptum) interpreting Mariology in the light of St Paul's theology. The redemptory work of Christ – the only Redeemer and Mediator (solus Christus) – according to the teaching of the Apostle of nations, does not exclude, but, to the contrary, includes the participation of creatures, “for we are partners working together for God” (1 Cor 3, 9). God presents man with grace (sola gratia). Man's answer is faith (sola fides). The Mother of the Son of God and the first Christian is thus an example of undivided Church.
Na obraz Boży (Rdz 1, 27). Praca jako kontynuacja dzieła Stwórcy
Hałas, Stanisław (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
L'articolo presenta la teologia biblica del lavoro a base dell'esegesi approfondita del racconto sacerdotale sulla creazione (Gen 1, 1 - 2, 4). L'idea più importante di questa pericope è la somiglianza dell'uomo a Dio, espressa nella costruzione parallela ben elaborata, dove il concetto stesso è ripetuto quattro volte (Gen 1, 26 s). Quest' assomigliare consiste nel governare il mondo e nel lavoro, che dev' essere imitazione e continuazione dell'opera creatrice di Dio. L'opera di Dio è presentata nel racconto biblico come melakah, cioè lavoro di carattere soprattutto intellettuale, che consiste nel concepire un progetto e impartire disposizioni. Nell'ordine divino: siate fecondi e moltiplicatevi (Gen 1, 28) bisogna vedere non soltanto la procreazione ma il lavoro formativo in diversi sensi.
Ożywienie kości a historia Izraela
Jelonek, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
When we are looking at the Menorah in front of the building of Israeli Parliament, Knesset, in Jerusalem we are struck by the central piece of the bas-reliefs with the scenes from the history of Israel – the fourth from the top and the fourth from the bottom on the main post of the Menorah. The relief presents in a suggestive, dynamic way the prophet Ezekiel, his robe blowing through as he is running across a field covered with dry bones. This is an illustration of a vision described in Ezek 37, 1-14. The vision refers to Babylonian Captivity, which was the result of a series of historical events. The seizure and abduction was a hard experience for the population of Judah. Yet the activity of Ezekiel saved the nation from losing faith and identity. The nation returned to its traditions; writing flourished, the works of the past were compiled. The captivity became a tool for purifying and strengthening the nation, which was brought back to life in a similar way to the dry bones from Ezekiel's vision. This is one of the more powerful visions which characterise The Book of Ezekiel. The entire pericope consists of two parts. The first part (lines 1-10) describes the valley of dry bones, which makes the proper vision, the second speaks of open graves; this part has an explanatory character. A certain period in history is closed but bones have not yet turned into ashes. The prophet's call and the breath of power of the Spirit will make a new nation. The old history of Israel is closed and a new period is bom; the period which we agreed to name Judaism. This is the moment of a thorough transformation; it is the basic and perhaps the most important turn in the history of Israel. The vision of bringing dry bones back to life through the prophecy of Ezekiel and the call to the Spirit in the whole history of Israel is materialised in an extreme effort of Jewish religious thought (to be specified in the Talmud and the Cabal), which is the fulfilment of a prophecy of a great army originating despite – what it seemed – a total defeat of Israel.
La „Piccola Pentecoste” (Atti 4, 23-31) e i suoi testi paralleli
Rosik, Mariusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Zasadnicze orędzie opowiadania, zwanego niekiedy „Małą Pięćdziesiątnicą” (Dz 4, 24-31) sprowadzić można do kilku twierdzeń. Wprowadzenie narratywne (4,23-24a), ukazujące wspólnotowy charakter mającej nastąpić modlitwy, wskazuje na misyjną naturę rodzącego się Kościoła. Inwokacja modlitewna (4,24b-25a) ukazuje Boga najpierw jako Pana (δεσπότης), wobec którego wierzący są sługami (δουλοι), a ich rola wyznaczona jest przez nakaz głoszenia orędzia o zbawieniu. Bóg ukazany jest również jako Stwórca oraz Ten, który przemawia przez Pisma, przez co prowadzi w rozwoju historię zbawienia. Mesjańskie odczytanie Ps 2, 1-2 (ww. 25b-26) interpretuje fakt prześladowań widzianych w dwupoziomowej optyce: najpierw w historycznej misji samego Jezusa, później w życiu Jego uczniów. Przyczyna prześladowań jest zawsze ta sama: fakt głoszonego słowa. Dwie petycje skierowane do Boga (4, 29-30) również koncentrują się wokół przepowiadania słowa Bożego: w pierwszej zgromadzeni proszą, by Bóg „wejrzał na groźby” spowodowane głoszeniem zbawienia, druga dotyczy udzielenia odwagi do kontynuacji tej misji. „Uzdrowienia, znaki i cuda” dokonywane przez „imię Jezusa” pełnią rolę argumentu potwierdzającego skuteczność głoszonego słowa. Rezultatem modlitwy (4,31), której przyjęcie potwierdza znak wstrząsu „miejsca, w którym przebywali”, jest ponowne (po Pięćdziesiątnicy) napełnienie Duchem Świętym i głoszenie z odwagą słowa zbawienia. Spośród licznych tekstów proponowanych jako narracje paralelne do Dz 4, 23-31, uwagę przyciągają trzy opowiadania. Łk 4, 16-30 ukazuje, że Bóg Ojciec jest aktywny w życiu Kościoła, jak był aktywny w historycznej misji Jezusa, a Duch Święty, który namaścił Jezusa, wypełnia także pierwszych chrześcijan. Wspólne motywy łączące Dz 4, 23-31 z Dz 2,1-36 to: działanie Boga Ojca, modlitwa, znaki Bożej obecności, głoszenie słowa Bożego i zstąpienie Ducha Świętego. W swej strukturze Dz 4, 23-31 przypomina modlitwę Ezechiasza (Iz 37,16-20; 2 Kri 19,15-19), który prosi Jahwe o ochronę dla zagrożonej Jerozolimy.
Piekło i potępienie w islamie
Kościelniak, Krzysztof (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
Dieser Artikel stellt die muslimische Ideen über die Hölle und die Verdammung dar, die man in Koran und Sunna gefunden könnte. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Religionen hat der Islam eine entwickelte Eschatologie, innerhalb derer die Hölle einen wichtigen Platz einnimmt. Die Hölle selbst heißt gewöhnlich an-när, «das Feuer», «der Ofen». Die muslimische Hölle setz sich macht der gängigen Vorstellung aus «sieben Schichten» zusammen. Die erste Tiefe ist den sündigen Gläubigen Muslimen Vorbehalten und sie wird, sobald der letzte ins Paradies eingegangen ist, zerstört. Darauf folgen die Schichten den Juden, den Christen, den Götzenanbetem - und zum Schluss den «Heuchlern», derer die schlimmsten Qualen harren - vorbehaltenen Höllen. Die Hölle «ist ein loderndes Feuer» (Koran LXX, 15), in dem die «Unseligen» vor Schmerzen «laut aufheulen und hinausschreien, und darin weilen, solange Himmel und Erde währen - soweit dein Herr es nicht anders will» (Koran XI, 106-107).
Próba definicji pojęć Prawda – prawdziwy – prawdziwie (zaprawdę) w oparciu o Biblię Hebrajską
Wójcik, Andrzej (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2002)
The main aim of the paper is to explain and define how notions truth, true, truly sae understood in the Hebrew Bible (HB). The paper presents: 1. an original and creative comparative analysis of the meaning of 38 Hebrew and Aramaean terms carrying the notion of truth; 2. main categories which characterise truth such as; morality, law, certainty, stability (constancy), trust, reality, duty, completeness are distinguished, and proportions of their occurrence are established; 3. by distinguishing three most important groups of synonyms it is demonstrated that truthfulness in the Hebrew Bible is defined by aspects of certainty - constancy, morality, honesty in the ratio of about 2:15:1; 4. a logical, ontological, epistemological, moral, aesthetic and syntactic profile of truth is given; 5. a relation with classical, pragmatic and coherent definition of truth is searched for; 6. it is indicated that the concept of truth in the HB is absolute and that it questions agnosticism, scepticism, fideism, and intuitionalism; moreover, there exists a present notion of verification of truth; 7. the paper, due to space limits, includes but short comparison between the achieved results and other scientists’ discoveries. The paper is concluded by an index of all Hebrew terms under analysis, with their original spelling, vocalisation, frequency of occurrence and codes in leading concordances.

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