Seminare, 2005, Tom 21
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Pozycja Salezjański system wychowania a socjologia wychowania Floriana ZnanieckiegoWoś, Marek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)John Bosco’s educational system so widely and successfully applied in practice is indeed of lasting value and one could only wish that it would exist in the global process of education. It is only the harmonious and comprehensive development of a student which can bring the awaited results in both educational and didactic processes. Paradoxically, sociology places the social order as the outset or departure point according to which all the phenomena present in society should be explained. However, human being, despite their great uniqueness, is far from the point from which it would be easy to confine many phenomena within suitable rules typical for particular moments. Florian Znaniecki the forerunner of the Polish sociological school placed student in the center from which he/she is influenced by the environment. A student is for him, as for a sociologist, the most important and unique entity. A similar and inasmuch strong approach was presented by John Bosco, not at all a sociologist but an educator. He claimed that a student is the most important creature, with whom one should be in a continuous dialogue strengthening his/her faith, enriching their knowledge by approaching them with love. According to the principle of Christian religion love is neither the form of perversion nor force but the form of renouncement resulting from being empathic towards another person in order to do everything to achieve happiness and social law and order. In this perspective it is the strive after reaching satisfaction from the good fulfillment of the duties regarding God and people with whom educators are to cooperate. One should also remember that an education of a socially conscious entity is a time-consuming and sophisticated process. Despite the fact that from the outside it does not look like a process of learning but more like a method of trials, it is consistently realized line of thinking of generations tendentiously directed towards the views in the way significant for their tribe. It is similar to the behavior of organized groups which intend to instruct individuals in order to provide continuation either of a profession or belief. I show here the main important similarities and dissimilarities between Florian Znaniecki and John Bosco in order trying to make readers reflex on the way in searching new solution connected with education and societies who nowadays and in the nearest future have to take part in.Pozycja Własność duszy, ciała czy światła? Od średniowiecznych rozważań do nowożytnych koncepcji widzeniaWeker, Maria Magdalena (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Vision is the faculty by which the visible external world is perceived. The primary task of all theories of vision was to explain how useful information about external world was recovered from the changing retinal image. Theorists of vision had proposed various accounts of the nature of the processing responsible for our perception of external objects. The Latin world considered visual process issues generally based on Greek philosophers theories of vision. Saint Augustin of Hippo maintained that spiritual light was the internal illuminant of the ideal forms and physical light was considered to be analogous to this. The XI and XII centuries conceptions of nature did not radical transformed solution of vision problem. Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great) elaborated extensively on the traditional brain localization theory and believed that a close correlation existed between brain function and the various psychological abilities: the signals generated by a given object corresponded to a different sensory system species and reached the respective sense organs (contained a specific spiritus sensibilis) by means of a medium located in the extra-personal space. The spiritus visibilis found in the eye was instrumental in transforming the signals produced by material object species into a physiological process. The next centuries theories of vision were molded both by scientific work and artistic discoveries. In Robert Bacon’s theory species (first natural effect of any agent) issued in all direction from every point on the visible object and reach all point on the surface of eye. Witelo regarded light as one special case of natural action that reveals the mode of all other natural sections. Blasius of Parma and Henry of Langenstein did not doubt that vision was produced by interior rays, which could be geometrical analyzed. Nicolas Oresme proved that vision occurred through the reception of rays emitted from the visible object. Leonardo da Vinci draw the ventricular system and created the sophisticated model of vision. In William of Ockham’s theory the vision occurred because it was the nature of the object to act on the visual power and of the visual power to perceive the object. Optic theorists (especially in the seventeenth century) created the geometric models of vision and construe visual processing as a species of mathematical calculation or questioned the psychological reality of these models. Rene Descartes postulated that light acted on the retina by a direct mechanical effect leading to ‘vibration’ of the optic nerve fibers. Johannes Kepler formulated the basic principle of photometry. According to Felix Plater suggestion, that retina was the sensitive organ of vision, Kepler created the correct description of image formation on it. He considered, that refracted rays could not be ignored, visual theory had to be continued with anatomical facts and he added some detail concerning the structure and properties of the retina. The vision occurred through the picture of the visible things formed on concave surface of retina. The discovery of the visual cortex researched by Herman Munk and Sigmund Exner sketch’s of human visual areas moved the theories of vision to the level of cognition and psychological aspects of perception.Pozycja Polscy syjoniści wobec pierwszych miesięcy rządów Józefa Piłsudskiego (maj–sierpień 1926 r.)Walicki, Jacek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Article is based on primary sources, especially Polish and Jewish daily press, as “Nasz Przegląd”, “Ilustrowana Republika” or “Nayer Folksblat”. Author discusses political tactics of two main fractions of Polish Zionist movement on background of relationships of Polish parliament and sanacja regime, concluding then Zionists, as all parties represented in Seym, don’t knew real goals of Joseph Piłsudski, false treating his politics as leftist and friendly to national minorities, including Jews.Pozycja Ericha Fromma człowiek zagubiony w dychotomiachWachaczyk, Katarzyna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)The aim of this article was presentation the Fromm’s concept of person, person, who is involved to dichotomy of human subsistence. Person live, sometime it lived according to nature, there was part, however, in course of evolution, mental authorities have spread out at it. Person gaining consciousness, it has broken attachment of junction it with nature same. Fear has appeared and sense of alienation. Person has become free, but same very solitary. In purpose of killing existential solitude, person resorts to rate interpersonal. Correct, according to Fromm’s conception, rate is love, however the most often chosen rate is authoritarism, destruction and mechanical conformism. Dichotomies of person incline for choice among life or death, existence or property. Correct orientation, inherent restless being, is existence and life, other postures are secondary in accordance with they and if they are in balance, it lives according to nature person.Pozycja Ksiądz Bernard Jan Popowski (1955–1999). Początki pracy duszpasterskiej salezjanów w Ugandzie na podstawie korespondencji (1989–1999)Szmidt, Stanisław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)To celebrate in 1988 the 100th anniversary of Don Bosco's death polish salesians undertook a missionary activity in Uganda. On 9 October 1987 Fr Henryk Juszczyk (PLO), Fr Tomasz Grzegorzewski (PLS), Fr Ryszard Jóźwiak (PLN), Fr Bernard Popowski (PLN) set off for Nairobi (Kenya), where candidates for a missionary work were being prepared. They were accompanied by Fr Augustyn Dziędziel. Initially Card. Emanuel Nsubuga offered to salesians work in one of two suburb parishes in Kampala: Ggaba or Busega. Then he changed his mind and asked them to set about working in Bombo-Namaliga. New parish was erected on 10 December 1988. Fr Bernard Popowski became the first parish priest in there. He carried on this hard task till his unexpected death on 27 August 1999. According to the diagnosis that was a 'chemical' death, hence poisoning cannot be excluded. Thanks to saved family correspondence and letters to Mr and Mrs Kądziela in Nowogródek Pomorski (117 letters altogether) work, difficulties and pastoral success of the first salesian parish priest in Namaliga-Uganda could have been trailed.Pozycja Redakcja „Konstytucji o liturgii świętej” przełomem odnowy życia religijnego w Kościele (1963–2003)Stefański, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Zachowania ryzykowne młodzieży. Formy prewencji w szkole salezjańskiej w świetle badań ankietowychStańkowski, Bogdan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)The article approaches the situation of Salesian secondary school from pedagogical perspective in the new society which faces the drug abuse, alcoholism, problems related to “non formal” teenage groups. The author presents the main findings of his empirical research on the reasons which lead young people to disturbed behavior at school. The questionnaire was delivered to secondary school students in 2003. The author of the article has tried to investigate the role of the Catholic school in the new social context. It was attempted to ask secondary school students about their attitude to school as an institution, to family, to values. It emerged that the students’ attitude was positive in many aspects. It was found that family and school presents many opportunities for personal upgrade and the acceptance of positive values in young peoples’ life. However, it was found that a rural surroundings does not provide adequate perspectives for intellectual and professional development. In addition, it seems that drug problems are not the main issue for the moment in this area.Pozycja Pastoralne wyzwania konstytucji „Sacrosanctum concilium” dla Kościoła w PolsceSobeczko, Helmut J. (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Psychologia zdolności. Współczesne kierunki badań, Andrzej E. Sękowski (red.), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2004, ss. 200.Buksik, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Sigrid Tschope-Scheffer, Dzieci potrzebują korzeni i skrzydeł. Wychowanie między przywiązaniem i autonomią, Jedność, Kielce 2001, ss. 132.Niewęgłowski, Jan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Druga noc zbawienia. Próba Abrahama i „aqedah” IzaakaSaraceno, Lorenzo (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)The sacrifice of Isaac, aqedah, which account we can find in the chapter 22nd of the Book of Genesis, is an episode in the history of salvation which is widely addressed by Jewish, as well Christian traditions. An example of its application in the Jewish tradition is a „Poem about four night of salvation”, where aqedah is portrayed as the second night. In Christian tradition, the church fathers interpreting Genesis 22 saw in the sacrifice of Isaac the announcement of the Sacrifice of Christ. The author of the text is undertaking the task of interpreting this challenging part of the Bible by analyzing and understanding the meaning of the words in the context of the structure of the text. After reading Genesis 22, the first conclusion that can be reached treats the relationship between God and Abraham as a relationship of dependency and obedience. This relationship almost adopts characteristics of a paradox, since as the author claims, „It was not Isaac that was supposed to die, but Abraham in himself, as it is not possible to see God and remain alive, it is not possible to pass the life along other than by dying yourself. It is also where the interdependence between Abraham and God is realized”. Second conclusion points into Christological interpretation of the text. God’s choice directed towards the sacrifice of the Son is portrayed as the source of relationship based on mutual dependence, an exchange of the gift of life, which in this case involved our father in faith – Abraham.Pozycja VII Polski Zjazd Filozoficzny (Szczecin, 14–18 września 2004 r.)Sadowski, Ryszard F. (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Ogólnopolskie Sympozjum Doktorantów Filozofii FILO-ΣΟΦ’ΙA 2004 (UKSW, Warszawa 17–18 czerwca 2004 r.)Sadowski, Ryszard F. (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Profesja zakonna w Towarzystwie Salezjańskim – rozwój liturgii obrzęduRusiecki, Jan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)The liturgical reform that started 40 years ago during the Vatican Council II also concerned the act of Religious Profession and its liturgical rites and the need to prepare new instructions in accordance with development of the liturgical theology. The Fathers of Council directed that a rite of religious profession and renewal of vows be drawn up that would contribute to greater unity, simplicity, and dignity and that it should be adopted by those who make their profession or renewal of vows within Mass. As a result of that the new Rite of Religious Profession had been prepared and further published in 1970. All religious congregation were expected to revise their own particular rites of religious profession in accordance with that part of Roman Ritual. So, from 1970, a group of Salesian liturgists started to work in adapting the recommended rites for the benefit of the Congregation. Several schemes were presented to the Congregation for Divine Worship for ratification and finally in 1989 the revisions were accepted and a Ritual for Salesian Congregation purposes was publised in Italian. The new Ritual of Salesian religious profession is very rich in its content. The book includes several kinds of celebrations such as temporal, perpetual, renewal of vows, the various jubilees of profession. It has a comprehensive euchological texts for the Mass and biblical readings. Up to this point the making of vows in Salesian Congregation was a quite simple celebration. The first vows made by 22 candidates in 1862 in the presence of Don Bosco had a private character. After several years the celebration took on a new richness with scrutinies, hymns and several added prayers. The celebration was being conducted in the sanctuary before the exposed Blessed Sacrament, which is now disallowed. Since the first published Salesian Constitution in 1874, the rites of religious profession have been included in every edition. After 15 years since publishig the Rites of Salesian Religious Profession in Italian we are now expecting its edition in Polish.Pozycja Wpływ „Sacrosanctum concilium” na nauczanie teologii: od KL 16 do DFK 16 jako droga do pewnej syntezyRosso, Stefano (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Małgorzata Rosalska, Katolickie uniwersytety ludowe wobec przemian współczesnej wsi polskiej, Garmond Oficyna Wydawnicza, Poznań 2004, ss. 188.Mierzwa, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Aspekty pastoralne apostolstwa świeckichRobek, Edmund (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)As among the „being in the Church” and the „being in the world” there should not be any empty spaces, also between the hierarchical priesthood and the universal one should not be in the opposition. The pastoral work of the clergy and the apostolate of the laymen are both in order of the same work of salvation that God has completed in Christ. Obviously, both vocations are realized according to their own charismas. Nevertheless, it is necessary to underline that the apostolate of the laymen is inserted into the mission of the Church, that means, to serve the Kingdom of Christ in the world. This is concretized through a specific share of the laity to the triplex function of Christ: prophetic, priestly and regal. This doctrine is abundantly testified by the Council Vatican II and directly emerges from the teaching of the Bible. In practice, there are numerous fields (on a social and religious levels) in which the laymen can express their responsibility for the Church. Regarding to the situation of the Church in Poland we can notice an clear existing separation between the clergy that exercise their office and the laity that is a simply „consumer” of the clergy’s services. Instead it is necessary to support a Church that will encompass one creative community, prosperous of varied charismas.Pozycja Maria Braun-Gałkowska, Iwona Ulfik-Jaworska, Zabawa w zabijanie. Oddziaływanie przemocy prezentowanej w mediach na psychikę dzieci, Gaudium, Lublin 2002, ss. 238.Niewęgłowski, Jan (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Pastorale giovanile. Sfide, prospettive ed esperienze, F.-V. Anthony, L.A. Gallo, M. Midali, R. Tonelli (red.), Elledici, Torino 2003, ss. 400 + CD.Durak, Adam (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)Pozycja Metafizyka w filozofii. Zadania współczesnej metafizyki 6, A. Maryniarczyk, K. Stępień (red.), Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, Lublin 2004, ss. 497.Gretka, Wojciech (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2005)