Seminare, 2011, Tom 29
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Pozycja Problematyka współpracy parafii katolickich z misjami kulturowo-językowymi w SzwecjiChamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The article touches upon the necessity of cooperation between Catholic parishes and centers for Polish culture and language in Sweden ‒ for the benefit of immigrants. The analysis is concerned with the status of these two fundamental institutions of pastoral care in the administrative structure of the Catholic Church. Some thought was also given to the possibilities and difficulties arising from the multicultural make-up of the Catholic community in Sweden, as well as to the level of awareness that achieving this difficult unity is a necessary requirement for the transmission of Christian values to the next generation.Pozycja Sprawozdanie z działalności Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Lądzie nad Wartą w roku seminaryjnym 2009/2010Butowski, Krzysztof (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Pozycja Duszpasterstwo ludzi starszych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem osób owdowiałychBieleń, Robert (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Old age is an ordinary phase of human life on earth. It is a time of “reaping”. It is also a time of decreasing mental and physical fitness and often of infinnity. Old age is the fulfillment of human life and a “bridge” leading to eternity. It is inseparably linked with passing away, suffering, death and the particularly painful problem of widowhood. Given the ageing of modem society, the problem of old age is becoming more and more important. The Catholic Church wants to respond to this “sign of the times” and takes appropriate action. The article first presents the situation of the aged, including widowers. Then it outlines the Church’s teaching on old age with a special emphasis on widowhood. Finally, it discusses what should or is done by the Church on behalf of this category of people.Pozycja Dzieje świętych wizerunków w chrześcijaństwie ‒ zarys historiiJasiewicz, Arkadiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Icon painting emerged in the Byzantine Empire ‒ the Christian empire of the Hellenistic East ‒ between 330-1453. It became a fully-fledged and popular art form around 500. Icon painting can be traced back to early Christian paintings, including those from the 2nd and 3rd centuries found in the catacombs. It is an original, highly formalized art form, influenced by classic Greek art and Egyptian Hellenistic art as well as other art traditions, especially Syrian. The Byzantine art of icon painting flourished during the reign of Justinian who mied the Byzantine Empire for forty years (527-565). In 726, with the advent of iconoclasm, Emperor Leo III decreed that painting or using icons was to be regarded as idolatry. Iconoclasm lived on, with a few intermissions, until 843. In 843, when the Church conquered iconoclasm, the art of icon painting was revived, this time until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. That period was the golden age of the icon and saw the establishing of its principal prototypes and the habit of adorning churches with icons.Pozycja Wspólnototwórcze elementy systemu prewencyjnegoGocko, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Saint John Bosco (1815-1888) always paid attention to the social aspect of his mission. A new reflection on the social dimension of the Salesian charisma was initiated by the 23rd General Chapter. This effort resulted in the proposal of the Salesian way of educating to the faith and their original program of Christian life: “Salesian Youth Spirituality”. The objective of this spirituality is the full development of the young person, enabling him/her to connect faith with life, and the immanent dimension of his/her own existence with participating in the life of society and taking responsibility for the world. This article presents the social elements of Saint John Bosco’s educational system. Its objective is to find out whether some elements that form the basis of the preventive system can be useful for education to community life. To this end, basic community-forming elements were singled out which constitute the educational model proposed by Saint John Bosco: oratory ‒ the educational environment and the experience of community; assistance ‒ the most appropriate educational attitude, a locus of encounter and dialogue; family spirit ‒ permeating all educational activities. The article also deals with the way young people are prepared to take responsibility for the world.Pozycja Pedagogika ks. Bosko w dzisiejszej szkole prowadzonej przez Zgromadzenie Salezjańskie. Część IIGrządziel, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The preventive system of St John Bosco implemented in Salesian schools is valuable both as an educational method and as a source of ideals and objectives. Thus, it has a place in pedagogy, especially in its educational practice. This article continues the reflection on the possibilities of basing education in schools on this system. It gives special attention to the role of teacher and educator and also discusses the possibilities offered by the “community of vocational training” in vocational education.Pozycja Organy zarządu i współodpowiedzialności ‒ rady w prawie własnym Towarzystwa św. Franciszka SalezegoDomaszk, Arkadiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The history of councils which assist superiors dates back to the origins of monastic life, i.e. St Benedict’s Rule. The Second Vatican Council recognized the importance of governing and responsibility bodies, especially in religious life. The particular law of the Society of St. Francis de Sales clearly refers to the issue of religious councils which are found on every authority level. The article presents a short history of this issue. It also provides infonnation about the norms of the common law of the Catholic Church regarding religious councils. In the second part of the article, the nom s of the Salesian particular law are explained against the background of theological and legal premises. The Salesian Constitutions regulate the way councils support superiors. In some of the cases mentioned in the article, councils’ approval or advice is necessary to adopt legal acts. In principle, the superior turns to the council but does not vote himself. The only case of collegial action provided for in the Constitutions concerns the dismissal of members. Then the superior general also votes. The law follows life and some dynamics can be seen in the development of the particular law, among others in the decisions of recent general chapters. It seems that it is necessary to reissue the Constitutions and the General Regulations in Polish to include these changes. This would also be an opportunity to clarify the language. To sum up, the tasks of councils specified by the law and the actual ministry of the religious who are members of councils are in keeping with the shared responsibility of the religious for their common good, an idea endorsed by the Church. At the same time councilors’ commitment effectively supports the board at every level of congregational organization.Pozycja Pozaszkolna działalność misyjna salezjanów polskich w okresie rektoratu ks. Michała Rua (1888-1910)Chmielewski, Marek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)After Fr John Bosco’s death (1888) Fr Michael Rua became Major Rector of the Salesian Society. He remained in office till the very day of his death. During this period, Salesian projects developed very fast all over the world. At the same time, the Salesians managed to follow the Founder’s charisma. This development was also possible due to the Salesian missionary effort. During Fr Rua’s leadership, about 100 Polish Salesians undertook missionary work. Most of them were sent to Latin America while only a few went to the USA, Asia and Africa. Their basic duty was education in schools and boarding-schools. This kind of Salesian work was described in “Seminare” in 2010. This issue presents evangelization efforts of Polish Salesians, namely their work in oratories opened on feast days, their work with candidates for priests and religious, and their involvement in the evangelization of the indigenous population. Finally, the author recapitulates the significance of Poles’ involvement in the work for the Salesians, the Church and society.Pozycja Integracyjne oddziaływanie Kościoła w społeczeństwieDziewulski, Grzegorz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)This article concerns the integrating impact of the Church on society. It is analyzed from the sociological and historical point of view, but the theological perspective is also taken into account. In the traditional model of society, religion was an important factor which integrated, organized and legitimized nation, state and principles regulating the life of individuals. Throughout the centuries, the influence of religion on community took different scopes and forms. It was largely transformed, i.e. weakened and reoriented towards satisfying the individual’s needs. Nonetheless, in society the Church still remains a criterion for moral judgments and an abiding reservoir of national and social symbols. She is the source of sense, internal motivations, support in crises and the perspective of humanity’s ultimate destiny.Pozycja Zjazd Stowarzyszenia Polskich Muzyków Kościelnych (Częstochowa, 8-10 września 2010)Grajewski, Czesław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Pozycja XVIII Światowe Forum Mediów Polonijnych, Tarnów-Poznań-Wielkopolska (Poznań-Piła, 8-15 września 2010 r.)Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Pozycja Konferencja o uzależnieniu „Wypuścić na wolność uciśnionych: zerwać więzy kajdan” zorganizowana przez archidiecezję filadelfijską (Filadelfia ‒ USA, 5 listopada 2010)Kwiatek, Piotr (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Pozycja Moralne implikacje przymierzaJędrzejewski, Sylwester (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Moral standards presented in the Bible unfold in the process of cultural and theological development. Quite frequently, the context of biblical morality is the idea of the Covenant. In the very heart of the biblical ethics, there are values which became fundamental both for a particular kind of human existence and the way to God. This way is understood in the Bible as a Covenant based on the primary and constitutive gift of the relation between the human being and God. Theologians of the Covenant point to universal ethical conclusions even though they are connected with only one people chosen by God. With the idea of the Covenant reaching its highest stage of development, the New Testament came up with a morality whose core is the law of love. This kind of law is understood as a new creatio. Its essence is the dynamic character of morality which stems from unchanging moral rules. Unchangeable in His gift of morality, God allows people to continually mature in their understanding of His gift of love throughout changing historical realities.Pozycja Żywot patriarchy Agathona (661-677) w świetle „Historii koptyjskich patriarchów Aleksandrii”Karczewski, Łukasz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)This article presents the life of Agathon and his work for the monophysitic Church of Alexandria against the backdrop of his times. Agathon was the head of the monophysitic Church of Alexandria. He succeeded to the patriarch’s throne in 661. Agathon was the second patriarch, after Benjamin I (622-661), who reigned during Muslim rule in Egypt. Agathon continued the efforts of his predecessor in rebuilding and consolidating the monophysitic Church of Alexandria. This patriarch, like his predecessor, was a monk and had been educated in the monastery of St Macarius. Altogether this monastery gave eighteen patriarchs of Egypt. A disciple of this monastery, Agathon enlarged it and increased the number of monks.Pozycja Istota i znaczenie turystyki uzdrowiskowej w PolsceKraś, Jacek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The aim of this article is to briefly characterize and emphasize the importance of health resort tourism, as well as to present the most important selected health resorts in Poland as attractive tourist destinations. The article consists of four parts. It opens with a preface introducing the main content. The second part, entitled “The Organization, Functions and Objectives of Health Resorts”, provides the most important infonnation concerning the legal and organizational status of health resorts, their objectives and functions. The third part, entitled “The Presentation of Selected Health Resorts”, features a description of main Polish health resorts and their significance for tourism. The fourth part recapitulates the article, and presents comments and conclusions.Pozycja Zatrudnienie socjalne jako instrument przeciw działania marginalizacji społecznejKoral, Jarosław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The article puts forward the thesis that social employment may be an appropriate instmment to counteract social exclusion. Employment is an element of social stimulus to action, and promotes social and occupational mobility. These are part of an active social policy geared for maximizing human resources. Welfare services are a very desirable form of assistance but this assistance cannot replace the potential of individuals. It is aimed at ending the period of unemployment and creating conditions leading to sustainable employment.Pozycja Sprawozdanie z działalności Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Krakowie w roku seminaryjnym 2009/2010Krawczyk, Wojciech (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Pozycja Pasterz pasterzy. Papież Grzegorz Wielki i jego „Księga reguły pasterskiej”Kołosowski, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Not only was Pope Gregory the Great a shepherd himself, but from day one of his pontificate he attached great importance to the fonnation of other priests as genuine and good pastors of the Church. The article analyzes the Pope’s Book of Pastoral Rule in which he teaches the clergy how to seek the pastoral office, how to combine pastoral work with one’s life and how to instruct particular groups of the faithful. The advice and observations of Pope Gregory the Great have theological and spiritual depth. They contain many universal ideas and solutions of ever topical problems. St. Gregory the Great can be considered the shepherd of shepherds of all times.Pozycja Ocena stygmatyzacji w świetle zasad życia społecznegoKosche, Magdalena (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)Stigmatization is present in modern society in many ways. It concerns different groups of people, marked by some peculiar, discrediting or unaccepted feature. The article attempts to present the phenomenon of stigmatization and its influence on people’s opinions and behaviors. The main goal, however, is the moral evaluation of social stigmatization, on the basis of social principles such as the dignity of the human person, the principle of common good, the principle of the universal destination of goods, the principle of subsidiarity, the category of participation, and the principle of solidarity. The results of this assessment show that stigmatization is a negative process not only in relation to individuals, but also to groups and the whole of society.Pozycja Sakralna przestrzeń ‒ charakterystyka oraz wybrane treści ideowe i symboliczneNowiński, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)The present characteristics of a sacred space, understood as a liturgical space, focus mainly on the ideas and symbols behind its development throughout the centuries. The dividing line for the present study is the liturgical reforms following Vatican Council II. The symbolic development of a liturgical space begins with the practice of first Christian communities whose members prayed facing the East and the rising sun, symbolizing the risen Christ ‒ the True Light. The interior of east-oriented Christian basilicas was not homogenous. Instead, it was hierarchized and symbolic: the church building (ecclesia) was interpreted as the material image of the spiritual community of the faithful (Ecclesia)', it was also understood as the representation of God’s heavenly temple ‒ Domus Dei. The area around the altar (sanctuary) was enclosed by a balustrade (cancelli) and inaccessible to the laity. It was interpreted as the Sanctum Sanctorum, following the Biblical Holy of Holies and the Solomon’s Temple. The division of the church into the part for laypeople (nave and aisles) and the enclosed part of the sanctuary with the high altar, accessible only to the clergy, was continued by medieval churches. The sanctuary, interpreted as the Sanctum Sanctorum, was separated from the rest of the church by a rood screen. Such a division of a sacred space reflected the two ways of Christian life: vita activa, represented by laypeople in the nave and aisles and vita contemplativa, represented by the clergy gathered within the sanctuary. After the Council of Trent, emphasis was put on the role of the high altar and the Eucharist present there which, tamquam cor in pectore et mens in animo, should constitute the center of the Church as a religious community and of the space of a church as a sacred building. As a result of these changes, the rood screen was removed from Catholic churches. The chancel and the choir, invariably perceived as a sanctuary inaccessible to the laity, retained their distance from the nave, enhanced by raised floor level and altar rails. The interior of Baroque churches where the theatrum sacrum of the liturgy was celebrated, became similar to the interior of a theater. Inside the church, there are architectural and artistic forms whose symbolic meaning changes the character of the place and those present in it. These are: the dome, apse, shell-shaped niche, and ciborium.

