Seminare, 2011, Tom 29

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Pozaszkolna działalność misyjna salezjanów polskich w okresie rektoratu ks. Michała Rua (1888-1910)
Chmielewski, Marek (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
After Fr John Bosco’s death (1888) Fr Michael Rua became Major Rector of the Salesian Society. He remained in office till the very day of his death. During this period, Salesian projects developed very fast all over the world. At the same time, the Salesians managed to follow the Founder’s charisma. This development was also possible due to the Salesian missionary effort. During Fr Rua’s leadership, about 100 Polish Salesians undertook missionary work. Most of them were sent to Latin America while only a few went to the USA, Asia and Africa. Their basic duty was education in schools and boarding-schools. This kind of Salesian work was described in “Seminare” in 2010. This issue presents evangelization efforts of Polish Salesians, namely their work in oratories opened on feast days, their work with candidates for priests and religious, and their involvement in the evangelization of the indigenous population. Finally, the author recapitulates the significance of Poles’ involvement in the work for the Salesians, the Church and society.
Organy zarządu i współodpowiedzialności ‒ rady w prawie własnym Towarzystwa św. Franciszka Salezego
Domaszk, Arkadiusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The history of councils which assist superiors dates back to the origins of monastic life, i.e. St Benedict’s Rule. The Second Vatican Council recognized the importance of governing and responsibility bodies, especially in religious life. The particular law of the Society of St. Francis de Sales clearly refers to the issue of religious councils which are found on every authority level. The article presents a short history of this issue. It also provides infonnation about the norms of the common law of the Catholic Church regarding religious councils. In the second part of the article, the nom s of the Salesian particular law are explained against the background of theological and legal premises. The Salesian Constitutions regulate the way councils support superiors. In some of the cases mentioned in the article, councils’ approval or advice is necessary to adopt legal acts. In principle, the superior turns to the council but does not vote himself. The only case of collegial action provided for in the Constitutions concerns the dismissal of members. Then the superior general also votes. The law follows life and some dynamics can be seen in the development of the particular law, among others in the decisions of recent general chapters. It seems that it is necessary to reissue the Constitutions and the General Regulations in Polish to include these changes. This would also be an opportunity to clarify the language. To sum up, the tasks of councils specified by the law and the actual ministry of the religious who are members of councils are in keeping with the shared responsibility of the religious for their common good, an idea endorsed by the Church. At the same time councilors’ commitment effectively supports the board at every level of congregational organization.
Duszpasterstwo ludzi starszych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem osób owdowiałych
Bieleń, Robert (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Old age is an ordinary phase of human life on earth. It is a time of “reaping”. It is also a time of decreasing mental and physical fitness and often of infinnity. Old age is the fulfillment of human life and a “bridge” leading to eternity. It is inseparably linked with passing away, suffering, death and the particularly painful problem of widowhood. Given the ageing of modem society, the problem of old age is becoming more and more important. The Catholic Church wants to respond to this “sign of the times” and takes appropriate action. The article first presents the situation of the aged, including widowers. Then it outlines the Church’s teaching on old age with a special emphasis on widowhood. Finally, it discusses what should or is done by the Church on behalf of this category of people.
Godność sakramentu bierzmowania „na drodze” do małżeństwa. Nakaz czy dojrzała decyzja wiary? Kontekst prawno-teologiczny
Nowakowski, Bartosz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The present article relates to the provisions of the Code of Canon Law (1065 § 1) which requires the reception of the sacrament of Confirmation by Catholics who want to enter into marriage. The article is based on open questions - maneat questio - about the content of this regulation It does not provide definitive answers, but serves as a starting point for the necessary scholarly debate and thus for good pastoral solutions. It reveals a close connection between canonology and practical theology. The former becomes the source of the latter’s solutions. The first part of the article presents the evolution of regulations in both universal and particular canon law as well as canonical and theological attempts to provide a rationale for said regulation. It also points out certain dangers related to the application of canon 1065 § 1 to particular cases. The second part of the article, which results from the questions raised in the first part, relates directly to the opinion of canonists and theologians who attempt to justify adopting a broad spectrum of age for Confirmation candidates.
XVIII Światowe Forum Mediów Polonijnych, Tarnów-Poznań-Wielkopolska (Poznań-Piła, 8-15 września 2010 r.)
Chamarczuk, Mariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Pedagogika ks. Bosko w dzisiejszej szkole prowadzonej przez Zgromadzenie Salezjańskie. Część II
Grządziel, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The preventive system of St John Bosco implemented in Salesian schools is valuable both as an educational method and as a source of ideals and objectives. Thus, it has a place in pedagogy, especially in its educational practice. This article continues the reflection on the possibilities of basing education in schools on this system. It gives special attention to the role of teacher and educator and also discusses the possibilities offered by the “community of vocational training” in vocational education.
Henning Schluss, Religiöse Bildung im öffentlichen Interesse. Analysen zum Verhältnis von Pädagogik und Religion, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ss. 215.
Stępkowski, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Roman Mazur, La retorica della Lettera agli Efesini, (SBF Analecta 75), Edizioni Terra Santa, Milano 2010, ss. 575.
Sztuk, Dariusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Zjazd Stowarzyszenia Polskich Muzyków Kościelnych (Częstochowa, 8-10 września 2010)
Grajewski, Czesław (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Młodzi Polacy poszukują prawdziwych wartości wśród duchownych. Analiza badań w świetle logoterapii V.E. Frankla
Formella, Zbigniew; Ekert, M. Amata (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
This article aims at describing the reality in which young Poles live and grow up, as well as the challenges they have to face, posed by modern times and the changes taking place in their country, Europe and the whole world. We also consider how to participate in the process of young people’s growing up. One opportunity is meetings organized by youth pastoral centers run by religious orders and institutes of consecrated life. The article presents the results of research carried out in 13 youth pastoral centers in the year 2007/2008. One variable, a search for meaning in life, is especially analyzed. In the difficult period of growing up, young people often ask themselves the very first existential questions, such as “Who am I?”, “What do I live for?”, “What is the sense of the things I do?”, “Where do I belong in the world?” It is necessary for adults to accompany young people throughout this complex process of growing up, offering them support and help. However, there arises the question of the extent to which one can interfere in the development of particular people and the shaping of their personality through content and values influencing their way of perceiving the world and themselves. The analysis of this research can serve as a starting point for reflection on things that need to be emphasized, elaborated or changed, so that the meetings with young people can be even more fruitful and the proposed suggestions point to better solutions.
Moralne implikacje przymierza
Jędrzejewski, Sylwester (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Moral standards presented in the Bible unfold in the process of cultural and theological development. Quite frequently, the context of biblical morality is the idea of the Covenant. In the very heart of the biblical ethics, there are values which became fundamental both for a particular kind of human existence and the way to God. This way is understood in the Bible as a Covenant based on the primary and constitutive gift of the relation between the human being and God. Theologians of the Covenant point to universal ethical conclusions even though they are connected with only one people chosen by God. With the idea of the Covenant reaching its highest stage of development, the New Testament came up with a morality whose core is the law of love. This kind of law is understood as a new creatio. Its essence is the dynamic character of morality which stems from unchanging moral rules. Unchangeable in His gift of morality, God allows people to continually mature in their understanding of His gift of love throughout changing historical realities.
Wspólnototwórcze elementy systemu prewencyjnego
Gocko, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Saint John Bosco (1815-1888) always paid attention to the social aspect of his mission. A new reflection on the social dimension of the Salesian charisma was initiated by the 23rd General Chapter. This effort resulted in the proposal of the Salesian way of educating to the faith and their original program of Christian life: “Salesian Youth Spirituality”. The objective of this spirituality is the full development of the young person, enabling him/her to connect faith with life, and the immanent dimension of his/her own existence with participating in the life of society and taking responsibility for the world. This article presents the social elements of Saint John Bosco’s educational system. Its objective is to find out whether some elements that form the basis of the preventive system can be useful for education to community life. To this end, basic community-forming elements were singled out which constitute the educational model proposed by Saint John Bosco: oratory ‒ the educational environment and the experience of community; assistance ‒ the most appropriate educational attitude, a locus of encounter and dialogue; family spirit ‒ permeating all educational activities. The article also deals with the way young people are prepared to take responsibility for the world.
Strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem a skuteczność terapii uzależnień alkoholików
Terelak, Jan F.; Dzięgielewska, Justyna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The study has an empirical character and concerns the relation between strategies of coping with stress and the effectiveness of alcohol addiction treatment. To examine strategies of stress management, the researchers used Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman and two questionnaires they themselves authored, geared for assessing how participants of alcohol addiction treatment felt about their therapy and how long their abstinence was. The therapy was based on the psycho-bio-social model of addiction developed by J. Mellibruda and his collaborators from the Institute of Health Psychology of the Polish Psychological Society. 36 alcoholics were examined twice, before and after the therapy. On the basis of the conducted research it may be concluded that a therapy based on the concept of psychological mechanisms of addiction is effective. After completing the basic therapeutic program, alcohol addicts choose problem-oriented stress management strategies and feel more inclined to continue the therapy.
Celibat diakonów i prezbiterów w dyscyplinie Kościoła łacińskiego
Stawniak, Henryk (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The article concerns the priesthood and the discipline of celibacy it involves. The subject of celibacy has been drawn to the fore by discussion concerning the pedophilia scandal in the Church. Even though the media stress that no such sexual abuse should be linked with the requirement of celibacy, these events indirectly provoked a discussion about the meaning of celibacy and the need for it in contemporary reality. For this reason, some maintain that a new look at celibacy is needed. Others ask questions about the origins and the early understanding of celibacy. Was it understood in the same way by medieval canonists and thinkers as it is understood in our times? What does the celibacy of a deacon or a priest mean today? What about married priests from other religious communities who wish to be admitted into the Latin Church? What is the procedure for obtaining dispensation from celibacy? Will celibacy have its place in the Church of tomorrow? Such questions and answers to them constitute the main content of the study.
Twórczość fortepianowa Mariana Sawy
Łukaszewski, Marcin Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Marian Sawa (1937-2005), composer, organist, improviser and pedagogue, owes his reputation primarily to his prolific organ output (over 200 works for organ solo, including five concertos), choral music (several dozen compositions) and vocal-instrumental sacred music. Pride of place goes to the Droga Krzyżowa (The Way of the Cross), Missa claromontana and works for organ: the Witraże (Stained-glass), Ecce lignum crucis and Hymnus in honorem sancti Petri et Pauli. Works for piano are modest in number, less known and rather rarely performed but they are hardly of a marginal character. Marian Sawa’s piano output comprises a dozen or so pieces of diverse genres and styles. The earliest compositions, dating from Sawa’s studies at the State Higher School of Music in Warsaw, include the Four Etudes, a cycle of Variations and Prelude and Fugue, all in the neoclassical style (1966-67). In the etudes, the composer explored several technical problems, such as the technique of double stops and octaves. The later Toccata (1970) and Stylized Prelude (1975) are, by and large, the continuation of the same style. In the Toccata one can notice the genre’s characteristic features including the motoric drive, a sense of mobility and the repetitiveness of notes (similar effects can be found in toccatas by such composers as Bolesław Woytowicz and Sławomir Czarnecki). Sawa’s most interesting piano works date from the 1980s and 1990s, the Scherzino (1983) and Four Mazurkas (1993/94) being the most frequently performed pieces. Sawa’s output also includes compositions which draw freely on the sonata fonn: the Sonata Ha-Fis (Sonata B-F sharp) for keyboard instruments (1995, the title refers to the two opening notes), the Sonatina for harpsichord, piano or organ (1995), and arrangements of Polish Christmas carols. One of Sawa’s most spectacular pieces is the Fugue-Bolero for two pianos (1996), which is an arrangement of his earlier, highly popular version for organ. Three styles can be distinguished in Sawa’s piano music: dance/folk, motoric/toccata and sacred. The first employs the dance forms popular in Polish folk music (mazurek, oberek, krakowiak), the rhythm pattem of the “mazur” and bourdon fifths. The main features of the second style are the figurative texture, virtuosity, a sense of mobility and, in the majority of works (including those from the 1990s), references to the neoclassical style. The sacred style manifests itself in the use of quotations from church songs. For example, in the Third Mazurka (1993) it is a quotation from a Polish church song to St Joseph, while the musical material of the Three Elegies (1995) is based on the religious song Ja wiem, w kogo ja wierzę (I know in whom I believe). These works are also renowned for their specific mood of meditation and contemplation, creating an aura of spiritual music. The arrangements of Polish Christmas carols also belong to this group (the Four Christmas Carols for two pianos, 2003; the Kolędowe granie (Playing the carols), 2004).
Pasterz pasterzy. Papież Grzegorz Wielki i jego „Księga reguły pasterskiej”
Kołosowski, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Not only was Pope Gregory the Great a shepherd himself, but from day one of his pontificate he attached great importance to the fonnation of other priests as genuine and good pastors of the Church. The article analyzes the Pope’s Book of Pastoral Rule in which he teaches the clergy how to seek the pastoral office, how to combine pastoral work with one’s life and how to instruct particular groups of the faithful. The advice and observations of Pope Gregory the Great have theological and spiritual depth. They contain many universal ideas and solutions of ever topical problems. St. Gregory the Great can be considered the shepherd of shepherds of all times.
Ksawery Knotz, Krystyna Strączek, Seks jest boski, czyli erotyka katolika, Wydawnictwo „Znak”, Kraków 2010, ss. 204.
Popławski, Adam (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
J. Syryjczyk, Sankcje w Kościele. Część ogólna. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warszawa 2008, ss. 335.
Adamczyk, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
Sakralna przestrzeń ‒ charakterystyka oraz wybrane treści ideowe i symboliczne
Nowiński, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
The present characteristics of a sacred space, understood as a liturgical space, focus mainly on the ideas and symbols behind its development throughout the centuries. The dividing line for the present study is the liturgical reforms following Vatican Council II. The symbolic development of a liturgical space begins with the practice of first Christian communities whose members prayed facing the East and the rising sun, symbolizing the risen Christ ‒ the True Light. The interior of east-oriented Christian basilicas was not homogenous. Instead, it was hierarchized and symbolic: the church building (ecclesia) was interpreted as the material image of the spiritual community of the faithful (Ecclesia)', it was also understood as the representation of God’s heavenly temple ‒ Domus Dei. The area around the altar (sanctuary) was enclosed by a balustrade (cancelli) and inaccessible to the laity. It was interpreted as the Sanctum Sanctorum, following the Biblical Holy of Holies and the Solomon’s Temple. The division of the church into the part for laypeople (nave and aisles) and the enclosed part of the sanctuary with the high altar, accessible only to the clergy, was continued by medieval churches. The sanctuary, interpreted as the Sanctum Sanctorum, was separated from the rest of the church by a rood screen. Such a division of a sacred space reflected the two ways of Christian life: vita activa, represented by laypeople in the nave and aisles and vita contemplativa, represented by the clergy gathered within the sanctuary. After the Council of Trent, emphasis was put on the role of the high altar and the Eucharist present there which, tamquam cor in pectore et mens in animo, should constitute the center of the Church as a religious community and of the space of a church as a sacred building. As a result of these changes, the rood screen was removed from Catholic churches. The chancel and the choir, invariably perceived as a sanctuary inaccessible to the laity, retained their distance from the nave, enhanced by raised floor level and altar rails. The interior of Baroque churches where the theatrum sacrum of the liturgy was celebrated, became similar to the interior of a theater. Inside the church, there are architectural and artistic forms whose symbolic meaning changes the character of the place and those present in it. These are: the dome, apse, shell-shaped niche, and ciborium.
Integracyjne oddziaływanie Kościoła w społeczeństwie
Dziewulski, Grzegorz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2011)
This article concerns the integrating impact of the Church on society. It is analyzed from the sociological and historical point of view, but the theological perspective is also taken into account. In the traditional model of society, religion was an important factor which integrated, organized and legitimized nation, state and principles regulating the life of individuals. Throughout the centuries, the influence of religion on community took different scopes and forms. It was largely transformed, i.e. weakened and reoriented towards satisfying the individual’s needs. Nonetheless, in society the Church still remains a criterion for moral judgments and an abiding reservoir of national and social symbols. She is the source of sense, internal motivations, support in crises and the perspective of humanity’s ultimate destiny.

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