Seminare, 2025, Tom 46, nr 1

Stały URI dla kolekcjihttps://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/44822

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Attitudes of Primary School Teachers Towards Multicultural Education: Between Acceptance and Challenges
Bocharova, Olena (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The aim of this paper is to examine the attitudes of primary school teachers towards multicultural education, focusing on the contrast between acceptance and challenges. The study presents results of a qualitative research project, which is part of a broader mixed-methods study on teachers’ approaches to multiculturalism. As part of a diagnostic survey conducted among primary school teachers, 15 individuals agreed to participate in in-depth interviews. The findings reveal divergent attitudes among teachers towards students from different cultural backgrounds. Based on their perspectives and experiences, the participants were classified into two groups. The first group expressed a positive attitude towards multicultural education, perceiving cultural diversity as an enriching and integral part of their teaching practice. In contrast, the second group viewed multicultural education as problematic, arguing that excessive focus on culturally diverse students might come at the expense of Polish students. The study highlights the need for teacher support and professional development to address the challenges of multicultural education effectively. Strengthening teachers’ intercultural competencies is essential for the successful implementation of inclusive education principles in culturally diverse classrooms.
Axiological Foundations of Youth Media Education
Kobylińska, Zdzisława (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
This article explores the axiological foundations of media education, particularly with regard to young people. Through a critical analysis of relevant literature and synthesis of research findings on key axiological and ethical areas of the media, the article aims to present crucial aspects of young people’s axiological development, including education concerning the inalienable dignityof each person, concern for truth, accountability for one’s words, education in critical thinking, and an awareness of the media’s impact on key dimensions of human life, as well as the imperative of continuous self-education in this domain. Scholarly, interdisciplinary analyses confirm that contemporary media culture demands urgent and ongoing media competence education, especially for young people, as well as the shaping of their axiological and moral perspectives, without which it is impossible to be a conscious and responsible participant in media culture.
Biographical Learning in Religious Education in Slovakia
Reimer, Tibor (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
In this study we explore the issue of biographical learning in religious education, specifically in the Slovak context, where the reform of primary education is currently in progress. Biographical learning is defined as working on one’s own biography and dealing with other people’s biographies. Through biographical learning, children and adolescents can identify with other people as their role models, which supports the process of forming their own identity. The aim of the study is to implement this innovative method of biographical learning in the teaching process of religious education. Biographical learning is also an important part of the religious education curriculum because it allows students to reflect on significant stages of their life journey and to learn to think about them from a faith perspective. Working with one’s own biography as well as the biography of other people enables pupils to form a cognitive, emotional and social relationship with themselves and to reflect on their lifestyle, their values and norms. The result of the study is a proposal of a method how to work with biography in religious education in schools in Slovakia. On the example of the life of Eleonora Zacharova, a native in Nürnberg (Germany), who lived most of her life in Slovakia, we will present a method of biographical learning within the Roman Catholic religious education curriculum in Slovakia with concrete suggestions for didactic implementation of biographical learning in religious education using the example of Eleonora Zacharova’s biography.
Childhood and Parenthood from the Socio-Cultural Perspective: Transformations of Family Function from the Polish People’s Republic to the Present
Dobrowolska, Barbara (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The academic aim of the article is to examine the concepts of childhood and the family and its functions in two distinct historical periods within the socio-cultural context. This article presents a literature review alongside the author’s own conclusions and reflections. It discusses theoretical perspectives, reports, and research findings relevant to the subject. The primary methodology used was desk research, analysing secondary data, and reviewing subject literature. The study characterizes the socio-cultural background of both periods: Poland under the People’s Republic (PRL) up to and following the systemic transformation, highlighting the evolving roles of the family and the perceptions of childhood. The analysis includes the functioning of the family across different time frames while engaging in socio-cultural discourse surrounding childhood, family, and parenting from various perspectives. The practical significance of this topic lies in understanding the socio-cultural influences, the role of the state, its governance, and ideologies on the family, as well as the progressive changes in its functions. It also provides insight into informed educational interventions and the creation of an appropriate family model. Lack of awareness and susceptibility to ideologies and liberal trends lead to the deconstruction and dysfunction of the family unit.
Contact with the Child after the Divorce of Parents in the Light of Own Research
Lipińska, Weronika (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article addresses the issue of the impact of the amendments to the Family and Guardianship Code of November 6, 2008 on contacts between parents and children after divorce, noting the on the benefits and risks to the welfare of the child. The purpose of the study was to sentence the respondents’ awareness of the contacts in question in the context of the cited amendment. In order to achieve the indicated goal, an analysis of the literature, legal acts and a survey were conducted. As a result of the analysis, several key findings were confirmed. Respondents demonstrated an awareness that family relationships are the foundation of proper child development. It was also noted that improper implementation of contacts with the child can have negative consequences for the child’s well-being. Moreover, indirect forms of contact such as long-distance communication are not a substitute for face-to-face contact. The research also pointed out the difficulties that arise from interference by third parties, and stressed the importance of appropriate conditions in the courts that provide com-fort in hearing the child. The conclusions of the research suggest the need for further development of the court system and support for parents to effectively protect the welfare of the child in divorce proceedings, taking into account the child’s emotional and psychological needs.
Contemporary Conditions of Regional Education of Children and Youth in Poland: a Sociological Perspective
Markocka, Magdalena (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The inspiration for this study comes from a long-standing discussion among teachers, educators, cultural workers and regionalists about the presence of regional issues in the education system, as well as its goals and functions in the context of educating and raising children and youth. The aim of the study was to show the most important areas of contemporary conditions of regional education, and thus its role in the education of children and youth. A desk research analysis was conducted, covering the most important sources from the academic literature as well as existing data. The basic assumptions of regional education were presented, as well as its importance for the individual and the local community in the context of shaping knowledge about the region and the sense of belonging to a “small homeland” among children and young people. The rest of the text attempts to characterize three key areas covering the determinants of contemporary regional education: 1) globalization processes and their role in shaping identity; 2) legal regulations and the role of the teacher in providing children and young people with knowledge about the region, and 3) available opportunities to implement regional content in primary schools.
Cyberbullying as a Predictor of Social Anxiety among Students of Faculty of Social Sciences at the Enugu State University of Science and Technology (Nigeria)
Ugwuanyi, Benedict Chidi; Formella, Zbigniew; Onah, Rachael Sopulu (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or private information about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. In fact, comments, photos, posts and contents shared by individuals can often be viewed by strangers as well as acquaintances. Cyberbullying is one of the factors that leads to social anxiety. This study seeks to fill critical gaps in the current literature by examining the relationship between cyberbullying and social anxiety among students of faculty of social sciences in Enugu State University of Science and Technology. One hundred (100) undergraduate students (42 male and 58 female) participated in this study. They participants comprised of. The summary of the findings is that gender, age, department and level were not significantly related to social anxiety among students. Again, cyberbullying was positively significantly related to social anxiety among students. It is crucial to educate undergraduates on the safety of cyberspace.
Effects of Experiencing a Close One’s Suicide on Children and Adolescents: Significance of Implementing Postvention Measures
Ruczaj, Joanna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The reported high incidence of suicides in Poland and worldwide is associated with a growing need to support those experiencing bereavement due to suicide. In this context, the increase in suicidal behaviour among children and young people observed in recent years is particularly worrying. Literature emphasises the difficulty of engaging in dialogue about the taking of one’s own life by a loved one, as well as the tendency to exclude this topic from conversations and to stigmatise it. Meanwhile, research dedicated to analysing the role of creating narratives about the experience in question suggests that being able to describe feelings and experiences and share them with others has a beneficial effect on the way grief is experienced. The aim of this paper is to consider the benefits and difficulties of sharing the loss of a loved one to suicide in the context of children and young people’s bereavement. To provide answer to the research question, a systematic review of source literature was conducted, which is enriched by references to testimonies of people experiencing the loss in question. Based on the materials collected, the author presents findings and suggestions relevant to providing support to children and adolescents affected by bereavement caused by suicide.
Feelings of Loneliness and Eating Problems in Young People: an Analysis of Psychological and Social Mechanisms
Kocher, Sebastian (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article explores the impact of loneliness on the development of eating disorders among adolescents. Loneliness during adolescence is considered a significant risk factor for emotional issues such as low self-esteem, distorted body image, and difficulties with emotional regulation. The aim of the study is to analyze the psychological and social mechanisms through which loneliness shapes unhealthy eating behaviors. The article discusses emotnal eating, body dysmorphic disorder, social media pressure, and negative family and peer dynamics. The author highlights that a lack of social support deepens isolation and contributes to compensatory behaviors related to food and body image. The findings suggest that the co-occurrence of loneliness and eating disorders may lead to long-term emotional and health problems in adulthood. The article emphasizes the importance of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family interventions, and the development of social skills as effective therapeutic strategies. It also draws attention to the need for early prevention and further research on this phenomenon to reduce its long-term psychological and physical consequences in later life. Understanding how loneliness contributes to eating problems can improve clinical interventions and support systems for at-risk youth, helping to create more resilient and emotionally healthy future generations.
Formation of Pedagogical Skills of Future Teachers in Educational Institutions of Ukraine
Kuchai, Oleksandr (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of pedagogical skills of future teachers in the process of professional and practical training in the educational institutions of Ukraine. Pedagogical skills are considered a complex of personality properties that ensure self-organization of a high level of professional activity on a reflexive basis. Pedagogical skills combine the personal and business qualities and professional competence of the teacher and are a complex of personality properties that ensure a high level of self-organization of professional and pedagogical activity. Pedagogical skills are based on the high professional level of the teacher, his general culture, and his pedagogical experience. A significant role in the formation of pedagogical skills of future teachers of professional training is played by the organization of the educational process, the use of effective teaching methods, and the environment in which the educational process takes place. Modeling of the system of formation of the foundations of pedagogical skills of a future teacher in the educational process of higher education is carried out in compliance with various factors. The essence of the pedagogical skills of a teacher is determined. The teacher’s skill is manifested in the ability to organize the educational process, activate students, develop their abilities, independence, and curiosity, effectively conduct educational work, form high morality, a sense of patriotism, and diligence in students, and evoke positive emotional feelings in the learning process itself.
“I am Unique, Beautiful, and Exceptional”: on Self-Esteem Among Young Women
Nosek-Kozłowska, Katarzyna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The aim of this article is to present the impact of the sociotherapeutic program “I am unique, beautiful, and special” on the self-esteem of young women in early adulthood. The program was designed to support participants in building a positive self-image, developing self-acceptance, and strengthening their ability to cope with social pressure. The theoretical section discusses the importance of self-esteem and its role in psychosocial development. The research project was conducted using the pedagogical experiment method in a one-group design. This approach allows for the evaluation of changes in the studied variable (self-esteem), thereby enabling verification of the program’s effectiveness. The program involved six students of pedagogy and political science from the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, and one cosmetology student from the Olsztyn School of Higher Education. It lasted six weeks, with weekly meetings of varying duration. Empirical data were collected through interviews and observation techniques. The analysis revealed positive changes in self-acceptance, self-confidence, and interpersonal relationships. Participants reported increased emotional openness, better emotion management, and a greater readiness to take on challenges.
Issues of Sustainable Development in the Education of Elementary School Youth: Facts and Prospects
Klimski, Marcin; Sulewska, Urszula (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The United Nations Resolution entitled “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” identifies the contemporary global challenges that need to be addressed this decade. The document includes seventeen specific goals, whose implementation depends on, among other things, the quality and scope of young people’s sustainable development education, started as early as at the primary school. This article will present the needs and possibilities of developing that education as part of compulsory and additional school subjects. Furthermore, certain recommendations for teachers will be proposed in the area of shaping primary school students’ sensitivity to the problems mentioned in the Resolution.
Leisure Time and Narcissistic Strategies in Young Adults: Towards Searching for Mutual Connections
Kurtyka-Chałas, Justyna (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The article attempts to look for correlations between forms of spending free time and strategies of narcissism in the age group of young adults. It begins with a theoretical introduction on the concept of free time, then it presents the basic assumptions of the NARC model, based on which the author distinguishes two strategies of narcissism: narcissistic competition and narcissistic admiration. The aim of the research was to search for correlations between leisure activities and narcissism strategies in a group of young adults. The presented study used the author’s own questionnaire, prepared for the needs of the research, and the NARQ-PL questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Rogoza et al. (2016). The obtained research results identify the most common ways of spending free time by young adults as well as the existence of correlations between some ways of spending free time and narcissistic strategies. The research results seem interesting from a theoretical and practical perspective. They show the existing connections and outline opportunities for further research into the correlates of leisure time activities undertaken by young adults.
Non-linear Note-taking as an Innovative Method in Teaching Religion: Explication of the Concept and Analysis of Own Research
Muńko, Dominika (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The development of knowledge about humans, including the cognitive mechanisms, accelerates the dynamics of changes in both the general and the specific didactics. The methods of teaching-learning that used to be effective are no longer sufficient today. The harmonious development of cognition and the concern for brain-friendly, that is, efficient education, is an incredibly weighty desideratum, which requires a deeper analysis. This article explains the nature and advantages of creating non-linear notes and presents an analysis of own research involving secondary school students and focusing on verification of their level of religious knowledge following the implementation of the innovative tool of non-linear note-taking. The presented results unambiguously indicate the effectiveness of mind mapping. The traditional forms of linear note-taking are characterized by numerous shortcomings and limitations, which reduce the effectiveness of the transfer, assimilation, and retention of knowledge. The educational potential of the presented tool, which supports the teaching and learning process, remains closely linked to the mechanisms of elaborative encoding and dual coding. Writing and making associations often constitute the core of cognitive dynamics. It is therefore advisable to create valuable, well-structured notes in a specific way due to their efficiency and expansiveness. From the perspective of religious teaching didactics (though not only limited to it), non-linear note-taking can constitute a valuable addition and diversification of the pedagogical toolkit of teachers.
Pastoral Counselling of Youth: Specifics and Potential
Urbančok, Milan; Žuffa, Jozef; Šmidová, Mária (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Every young person has their own story, joys, and problems that become particularly prominent during adolescence. Amidst the multitude of changes they experience, young people often do not realize they need help from those around them. In these transformations, it is crucial for them to find someone who understands them and who can create a safe space to better comprehend their internal processes. One method of accompanying young people is professional counselling, which has been accredited since 2022 as a professionally oriented bachelor’s degree program in the field of social work at the Faculty of Theology of Trnava University. This specific collaboration between humanities and theology offers future graduates a study and training curriculum based on the foundations of social work, specializing in guiding people through challenging life situations. The aim of this study is to present the specifics of pastoral counselling for young people and to identify the potential of accompaniment during their maturing process.
Relationship Between Positive Orientation and Experienced Emotions (Internal Acts of Valuation) Among Pedagogy Students
Szorc, Katarzyna; Kunat, Beata (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Since the trend of positive psychology has gained importance in both scientific research and everyday life, increasing attention has been given to identifying the predictors of a happy life and how these can be strengthened. One key concept that has emerged here is that of positive orientation, which assumes that an individual can cope with life’s adversities and perceive their life as valuable and meaningful. The aim of the presented research was to search for the relationship between positive orientation and emotional experiences among pedagogy students. It was hypothesised that students with a high level of positive orientation would more often experience emotions associated with self-enhancement, maintaining interpersonal contact and union, focusing on positive experiences and, at the same time, less frequently focus on negative ones. The research employed a correlational research model. Two standardized psychological tools were used: the Hermans’ 24-Emotions Scale and the P Scale by Caprara et al., in its Polish adaptation by Łaguna, Oleś, Filipiuk. A total of 114 pedagogy students from various specialisations participated in the study, aged between 19 and 34 (with 8 respondents aged 35 or older). The average age of the respondents was 21.39 years. The survey was conducted online, and participants were selected both purposefully and randomly – the surveys were addressed to pedagogy students at a selected university. Analysis of the collected empirical data revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of the surveyed pedagogy students’ positive orientation and their experienced emotions. The identified correlations were found to be statistically significant. These research findings may support strengthening skills that lead to effective human functioning – an especially important factor from the perspective of pedagogy students preparing to work with individuals in different stages of development.
Report on the Activities of the Francis de Sales Scientific Society for 2024
Jędrzejewski, Sylwester; Gocko, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Seminare – 50 Years of Reflection, Dialogue, and Formation in the Spirit of the Humanism of St. Francis de Sales: Publisher’s Note
Gocko, Jerzy (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Sensory Comfort of Autistic Students
Baczała, Ditta; Wiese, Natalia (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
Providing sensory comfort at a university is a challenge for the academic community, and understanding the experiences of young autistic people seems essential in this process. Individual experiences reveal what needs to be changed at the university so that the growing number of autistic students can study in a more welcoming environment. Using an interpretive approach in a qualitative research strategy, the experiences of 12 young autistic individuals were examined to gain insight into their interpretation and understanding of sensory comfort. Sensory comfort is interpreted as the absence of overwhelming sensory experiences and a condition whose absence significantly impairs social functioning, including academic performance. It depends not only on environmental and social factors but also on personal preferences. A university should be an environment that is welcoming and free of overwhelming sensory experiences, even if this is only the result of each university’s strategy.
The Use of Language Models in Education
Wroński, Kamil (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2025)
The aim of this article is to analyse the ways in which language models can be used in education from the perspective of the theory of dual media articulation. Addressing this issue is important given the growing significance of artificial intelligence in educational processes. Qualitative, exploratory desk research was conducted using 38 sources, selected for their relevance and contribution. These included reports from international institutions (such as OECD), national studies, governmental documents, and publicly available online materials. In the research conducted through the lens of material articulation, language models were identified as tools that support the learning process through personalization and increase knowledge accessibility. Within symbolic articulation, these tools represent a new form of communication and organization of teaching, which influences the process of information acquisition by students and contributes to a shift in traditional teaching methods. Language models are both an opportunity and a challenge in education. Although initial regulations regarding their use are already emerging, there remains a need for detailed legal, ethical, and implementation frameworks.

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